Envisages provision of basic mental health care services at the community level. Objective: - To provide sustainable basic mental health services to the community and to integrate these services with other health services. Early detection and treatment of patients within the community itself.

1. DR. ANJALATCHI
MUTHUKUMARAN
VICE PRINCIPAL
ERA COLLEGE OF NURSING
Unit-VIII
Mental Health problems , magnitude,
trends, issues

2. Problem statement in india

3. Magnitude of mental health
 The total sample is 34,802 with about 3000
(range: 2479–3508) in each of the states.
 The NMHS 2015–2016 interviewed 39,532
individuals across 720 clusters from eighty taluks in
43 districts of the 12 selected states.
 The response rate was 91.9% at household level and
88.0% at individual level.
 Despite variations in the design of studies, available
data from the Indian studies suggests that
about 20% of the adult population in the community
is affected with one or the other psychiatric disorder.

4. status of mental health in India
 WHO estimates that the burden of mental health
problems in India is 2443 disability-adjusted life
years (DALYs) per 100 00 population; the age-
adjusted suicide rate per 100 000 population is 21.1.
 statistics of mental health 2020
21% of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in
2020 (52.9 million people). This represents 1 in 5
adults. 5.6% of U.S. adults experienced serious mental
illness in 2020 (14.2 million people). This represents 1 in
20 adults.

5. Facts About Mental Health
 More than 43 million Americans struggle with
mental illness.
 1 in 5 young people (age 13-18) has or will develop a
mental illness in their lifetime.
 Youth depression rates have risen from 5.9% to 8.2%
since 2012. ...
 Most Americans lack access to adequate mental
health treatment.

6. Continued
 Most Americans lack access to adequate mental health
treatment. 56% of American adults with mental illness
did not receive care in the last year.[4]
 Mental illnesses can affect people of any age, race,
religion, or income. A mental illness is a medical
condition that disrupts a person’s thinking, feeling,
mood, and ability to relate to others and daily
functioning.[5]
 Many factors contribute to the development of a mental
health condition, including life experiences (such as
trauma or a history of abuse), biological factors, and
family history of mental illness.[6]

7. Continued
 Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide.[7]
 Members of LGBTQ+ community are almost 3 times
more likely to experience a mental health condition such
as major depression or generalized anxiety disorder.[8]
 Common signs of mental health issues include: extreme
mood swings, changes in eating habits, excessive
worrying or fear, problems concentrating, and avoiding
friends or social activities.[9]
 1/2 of all mental illnesses show early signs before a
person turns 14 years old, and 3/4 of mental illnesses
begin before age 24.[10]
 More than 1 in 4 adults living with serious mental
illnesses also struggles with substance abuse.[11]

8. The current state of mental health and issue
 There is a Mental Health Crisis in the United
States
In 2019 alone, almost 20 percent of the United States
population, nearly 50 million people, were diagnosed
with a mental illness.
 percentage of the world has mental health issues
2020
 Mental health and substance use disorders affect 13% of
the world's population. That number could increase as
people around the world shelter in place and adjust to a
new normal amid the coronavirus pandemic.

9. Trends in mental health 2022
 Trauma-informed care
 Blood tests for mental illness
 Psychedelic research
 Social media boundaries
 Artificial intelligence
 Telemental health
 Transcranial magnetic stimulation
 Virtual reality
 Takeaway

10. mental health is a big issue in India
 There is a lack of awareness which can lead to
overlooking, misjudging or dismissing the signs that
someone needs help. In India, according to
NIMHANS data, more than 80 per cent of people do
not access care services for a multitude of reasons,
ranging from lack of knowledge, stigma and
high cost of care.

11. Mental health status in India
 In December 2017, India President Ram Nath
Kovind warned of a potential “mental health
epidemic” in India, with 10 per cent of its 1.3 billion-
strong population having suffered from one or more
mental health problems.
 According to WHO, India accounted for nearly 15 per
cent of the global mental, neurological and substance
abuse disorder burden. A meta-analysis of
community surveys estimate that the prevalence of
depression and anxiety could be up to 33 per 1,000
persons.

12. Continued
 In India, the treatment gap (the number of people with an illness
who need treatment but do not get it) is 70 to 92 per cent,
depending on the state. It is estimated that nearly one-third of
patients who seek help from healthcare facilities could have
symptoms related to depression. But poor awareness of mental
health symptoms, social stigma, and lack of adequate resources and
facilities stop people from getting the help they need.
 There are only 5,000 psychiatrists in India, or 0.3 for every 100,000
persons, and less than 2,000 clinical psychologists (0.07 per
100,000). To compare, the ratio of psychiatrists in developed
countries is 6.6 per 100,000 and the average number of mental
hospitals globally is 0.04 per 100,000 persons, compared to 0.004
in India.
 Also, mental health services are highly inaccessible and up to 40 per
cent of patients must travel more than 10km to reach the first
available service at the district headquarters.

13. Burden of MH
 Mental health conditions are increasing worldwide.
Mainly because of demographic changes, there has
been a 13% rise in mental health conditions and
substance use disorders in the last decade (to 2017).
Mental health conditions now cause 1 in 5 years lived
with disability. Around 20% of the world’s children
and adolescents have a mental health condition, with
suicide the second leading cause of death among 15-
29-year-olds. Approximately one in five people in
post-conflict settings have a mental health condition.

14. Continued
 Mental health conditions can have a substantial
effect on all areas of life, such as school or work
performance, relationships with family and friends
and ability to participate in the community. Two of
the most common mental health conditions,
depression and anxiety, cost the global economy US$
1 trillion each year.
 Despite these figures, the global median of
government health expenditure that goes to mental
health is less than 2%.

15. List of mental health problems
 Depression
 Mental disorders
 Mental health in emergencies
 Adolescent mental health
 Mental health of older adults
 Mental health: strengthening our response
 Schizophrenia
 Suicide

16. Prevalence.
 The National Mental Health Survey of India in 2016
found that "1 in 20 people in India suffer from
depression", "productive age groups are affected
most", "economic burden of mental disorders is
huge" and that the treatment gap varies between
70% and 92%.

17. SDG involved mental health
 The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focuses
on mental health and development stating in its
targets
 3.4 “By 2030, reduce by one third premature
mortality from Non communicable diseases through
 prevention and treatment and promote mental
health and well-being.” and target 3.5 requests that
countries:
 “Strengthen the prevention and treatment of
substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and
harmful

18. Prevalence Of Psychiatric Disorders In General
Practice
 World Health Organization (WHO) Cross-Cultural
study at 14 centers all over world found that 25% of
the attendees at GP/PHC suffered from one or more
diagnosable psychiatric disorders
 The Indian Centre of the WHO Cross-Cultural study
at Bangalore found that 22.4% of the attendees at
GP/PHC suffered from one or more diagnosable
psychiatric disorders

19. Common psychiatric disorder
 The commonest psychiatric disorders found in
General Practice are Depression, Anxiety disorder,
Alcohol dependence and Somatoform disorders.

20. Continued
 About one third of the patients with psychiatric problems in
GP have coexisting physical illnesses which, if persist, lead to
delayed or incomplete recovery from the physical illness.
There is an inadequate exposure to psychiatry during
undergraduate training in India.
 It has been observed that only 30-50% of the psychiatric
patients are correctly diagnosed by the GPs. The rest remain
undetected leading to delay in the treatment, unnecessary
investigations for physical illness and the prolongation of
overall disability in the patients.
 It has been demonstrated that the identification rate for
psychiatric illnesses in General Practice / PHC can be
significantly enhanced after adequate training of GPs in
Mental Health. It will also address the poor scenario of mental
health manpower in India

21.  It has been demonstrated in many countries,
including India that a short-term training of GPs can
result in improvement in their skills to identify,
manage and refer the psychiatric patients visiting
them. The main role of GPs include: Identification,
Management, Referral & Rehabilitation and follow
up care of psychiatric patients.

22. WHO’s mental health activities
 WHO’s mental health activities cover normative activities and country
support activities.
 WHO has helped extend mental health care in more than 110 countries and
is active in the following areas:
 integration in general health care (through the Mental Health Gap Action
Programme, MHGAP) and in disease or topic-specific programmes such as
those for HIV, tuberculosis and gender-based violence; suicide prevention;
 workforce development for mental health; promotion of the quality of care
and the rights of people receiving care (QualityRights);
 mental health policy and legislation;
 mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian emergencies;
development and testing of innovative psychological interventions
including digital interventions;
 mental health in the workplace;
 mental health economics; the mental health of children and adolescents;
and mental health promotion

23. WHO response
 WHO works with Member States and partners to
improve the mental health of individuals and society
at large. This includes the promotion of mental well-
being, the prevention of mental disorders, and
efforts to increase access to quality mental health
care that respects people’s human rights. In 2019,
WHO launched the WHO Special Initiative for
Mental Health (2019-2023): Universal Health
Coverage for Mental Health to ensure access to
quality and affordable care for mental health
conditions in 12 priority countries to 100 million
more people.

24. References
 Source : National Mental Health Policy and
guidelines

25. Thank you