the term vocational rehabilitation means that part of the continuous and co-ordinated process of rehabilitation which involves the provision of those vocational services, e. g. vocational guidance, vocational training and selective placement, designed to enable a disabled person to secure and retain suitable ...

1. UNIT-VII
REHABILITATION
VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION
Dr. Anjalatchi M.sc(N) MBA (HA) MD
AM PHD(N)

2. Content of the chapter
• Introduction
• Definition
• Purpose
• Concept
• List of disability
• paradigm
• Phases of vocational
• Process
• Vocational evaluation
• Issue of VR
• Consumer production
• Legal framework of VR
• Government scheme

3. INTRODUCTION
• Vocational rehabilitation can require input from a
range of health care professionals and other non-
medical disciplines such as disability employment
advisers and career counsellors. Whilst,
traditionally, the focus of vocational rehabilitation
was job retention, an increased focus on an all-
encompassing approach has become popular in
contemporary approaches.[1] Approaches differ
between countries, however, due to the differing
amounts of financial and political support
vocational rehabilitation receives

4. Definition VR
• Vocational rehabilitation, also
abbreviated VR or voc rehab, is a process
which enables persons with functional,
psychological, developmental, cognitive, and
emotional disabilities, impairments or health
disabilities to overcome barriers to accessing,
maintaining, or returning to employment or
other useful occupation

6. Primary purposeVR
To help PwD –
To Prepare for employement
To Obtain gainful employment

7. Concept of Vocational Rehabilitation
• The Concept of Vocational training & rehabilitation
itself has come in just about 40 – 45 years ago in India.
• Even among the Developed Nations the concept dates
back to the end of Second World War (1945)
• Focus has always been on medical or surgical
intervention and education
• While teaching and learning are disability oriented, do
not forget that the jobs are not created for the
disabled, nor are they designed to suit the disabled

8. List of disability
• Wide range of disability are catered to by
rehabilitation counsellors
• spinal cord injury SCI
• Stroke
• Arthritis
• MS
• TBI
• Amputations
• Chronic pain
• Developmental and learning disabilities
• Psychiatric disorders

9. Paradigm VC

11. Phases of Rehabilitation

12. Benefits of Vocational
• Benefits of Vocational
Rehabilitation Services?
• Improved corporate image.
• Improved productivity.
• Reduced absenteeism.
• Reduced insurance premiums.
• Reduced litigation costs.
• Reduced sick pay costs.

13. example of a vocational rehabilitation
service
• job counseling, guidance, and referral
services. physical and mental rehabilitation.
vocational (job) and other training. on-the-job
training.

15. Vocational evaluation and Vocational
assessment
• Often used interchangeably
• Vocational assessment is a general term that
includes many different forms of evaluation
• Vocational evaluation is defined as a
comprehensive assessment that utilizes a variety
of tools, including paper-and-pencil tests,
structured interviews, and real or simulated work
• With its focus on work-related abilities, a
vocational evaluation may use work samples,
situational assessments, and on-the-job
evaluations

16. Employment Readiness
• Medical stability - important concern
• Stamina and endurance (i.e., to determine part-time vs. full-time)
• Psychosocial factors such as the individual's support systems
• Availability of adequate attendant care
• Transportation is another critical element in job success, as public
transportation can be inaccessible and is often unreliable
• Psychological readiness to go to work - This includes motivation, self-
confidence, interpersonal flexibility, coping resources, and realistic
expectations about work
• People have needs beyond the financial, such as satisfying
interpersonal contact, achieving a sense of belonging, being
productive, and enjoying creative expression, all of which can
greatly contribute to motivation for work

17. Job selection

18. Job Placement Strategies
• Once the individual is ready to seek employment - must
develop or refine the employment skills
• Individual with virtually no work history will require far more
extensive job-seeking-skills training, (following up on job
leads, resume writing, application completion, and
interviewing skills)
• Primary role of the VR counselor - assist in developing these
skills using tools as coaching, role playing, or video taping
• In addition he or she must also know how to respond to
questions about disability on an application or in an
interview
• Knowledge of legal protections is critical

19. job Analysis
• Job analysis critical to the ultimate success of job placement
efforts
• By analyzing a particular job in a certain environment,
suitable accommodation recommendations can be made
• Must be analyzed for factors in the
• Work environment - parking at the worksite, restrooms,
canteens, and building accessibility
• Job tasks - lifting, grasping, standing, walking, sitting, talking,
hearing, writing, and reading
• Productivity - For people with cognitive or affective
limitations, other critical factors might include the work
atmosphere (e.g., busy or relaxed) and cognitive demands
(e.g., memory, reasoning, problem solving)

20. Job Accommodations
• Requesting a job accommodation is another skill
• Although the individual is expected to know what
accommodations are required, the VR counselor can often
act as a consultant to the employer and can help to
negotiate these
• Some accommodations like rearrangement of equipment.
For example, for individuals using wheelchairs, a height-
adjustable desk, a voice-activated speakerphone, or moving
office supplies to accessible drawers
• Other examples - job restructuring, flexible schedules, large
print, allowing use of personal care attendants or service
animals, and large-button phones

21. Job Follow-up Services
• Follow-up services for both consumer and
employer
• Ensure a successful outcome
• Accommodations may require further
adjustments after the individual actually begins
the job
• It is important that an employee who cannot
function successfully be removed from the job, as
the primary goal of VR is a successful outcome for
both the individual and the employer

22. Vocational evaluation

23. Range of evaluation

24. Issue in vocational training

25. Vocational counselling

26. Preparation for VR

27. Open employment

28. Supported employment

29. THE CONSUMER MOVEMENT IN
REHABILITATION
• Gradually emergence of the consumer is occurring in
contrast to patients or clients
• Emphasis on self-help and self-direction
• Pioneered by Ed Roberts and other individuals with
severe disabilities during the early 1970s, the
philosophy of IL asserted that individuals with severe
disabilities were capable of managing and directing
their own lives
• Services and supports that PwD need are best delivered
by individuals who themselves have disabilities and
whose knowledge about both disability and services is
derived from firsthand experience

30. Consumer-Related Services and
Centers for Independent Living
• The specific features of individual IL programs are determined by
• Individual needs of the consumers served
• Availability of existing community resources
• Physical and social make-up of the community
• Goals of the program itself
Independent living IL program can be defined” as a community-based
program with substantial consumer involvement that provides
direct or indirect services (through referral) for people with severe
disabilities.
These services are intended to
• increase self-determination
• promote independence

31. IL SERVICES
• The IL process of assisting individuals to adapt
themselves and their environment to the
reality of disability is often more fluid and
multi-focused than is the VR process (which
focuses its attention on employment)
• The IL process begins when an individual with
a disability realizes that an obstacle exists
because of a limitation, preventing realization
of a desired goal

32. IL SERVICES
• Examples-
• For an individual with a developmental disability who may have lived all his
life in an institution and now wants to live independently
• IL assessment includes personal hygiene, medication management,
problem-solving and decision-making skills, social skills, housekeeping,
shopping, meal preparation, money management, telephone skills, and
emergency procedures
• In contrast, for a middle-aged individual returning home after a SCI
• Initial assessment focuses on the ability to perform ADLs, the need for social
services, emotional concerns, the impact of disability on personal
relationships, and the needs for home modification and personal
assistance
• In either case, the goal of the IL assessment is to identify the individual's
goal and provide the IL counselor with the information necessary to assist
that individual in developing a plan to achieve his or her goal

33. Services typically provided include
• Housing
• Attendant care
• Reading or interpreting
• Information about other necessary goods and services
• Transportation
• Peer counselling
• Advocacy or political action
• Training in IL skills
• Equipment maintenance and repair
• Social and recreational services VR programs may provide these
services, but on a limited basis as a secondary or supplementary
means of achieving the primary vocational objective.

34. Independent living centres (ILCs) are
• Consumer-controlled
• Community-based
• Cross-disability
• Nonresidential, private nonprofit agencies

35. Future India foundation

36. Differnces between VR and IL

37. Livelihood Opportunities for PWD

38. Aspect of services

39. Legislation related to rehabilitation

42. Government scheme

49. Functioning of Social Security
A closer analysis at available social security schemes for the PwDs questions
the rudimentary objectives and purpose
• Example, the eligibility criteria set by Government of Rajasthan for the
pension scheme is that a PwD who is unable to earn and any of his/her
family members aged 20 years and above are also incapable of earning
can avail of the government pension of 700/- per month
• If such a criterion is fixed, it automatically excludes almost all PwDs from
pension benefits
• Similarly, the unemployment allowance (UA) being given by various State
governments does not follow a uniform standard and are more often fixed
without any substantive rationale.
• Only 3 states namely Bihar, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh provide for an UA
• Schemes and allowance amounts vary from Rs 50 to Rs 500, which can be
higher or lower than disability pension amounts depending on the
State/UT.
• Many PwDs expected grants instead of loans. It is important to raise
awareness on loans and break the ‘dependency syndrome’ when this
exists

50. Summary
• Till now we discussed about vocation
rehabilitation and its importance in
rehabilitation services. Its includes meaning,
objectives, process, schemes etc

51. conclusion
Although most people with disabilities are able
to maintain the capacity to make decisions
concerning their needs and life-styles, they
may need time to be educated and
empowered about new roles and options in
learning to cope with disability. Now a days
government take more initiation toward the
disability people welfare facilities

52. References
• K.Park Text Book Of Preventive And Social Medicine ,
Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi Page No. 55,355
• Kumari Neelam, Community health nursing, 1st
edition, P.V. books publication,Jalandhar city
India,2011.pg no-
• Basavanthapa BT, Community health nursing, Jaypee
brother,Ansari Road Daryagenz,New Delhi, 1st
edition,2006. pg no-
• Swarekar Keshav,Community health
nursing.N.R.Brother.M.Y. Hospital Road Indore.1st
edition,2004.pg no-328-334

53. • Source: Ali Yavar Jung National Institute for
the Hearing Handicapped
• Source: A Handbook for Parents of Children
with Disabilities