this presentation is about the ancient marvels that is the heritages and monuments built by the ancient rulers and civilization.

1. ANCIENT
ARCHITECTURAL
MARVEL OF
INDIA

2. INTRODUCTION
TAJ MAHAL
VICTORIAL MEMORIAL
HUMAYUN’S TOMB
TAWANG MONASTREY
BHANGARH FORT
SANIWAR WADA
KUMBHALGARH FORT
VITTALA TEMPLE
CHAR MINAR
HAWA MAHAL
BHRIHADRISVARA TEMPLE
KAILSA TEMPLE
JANTAR MANTAR
GOLCONDA FORT
CONCLUSION
CONTENTS

3. INTRODUCTION
The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and religion. Among a number of
architectural styles and traditions, the contrasting Hindu temple architecture and Indo-Islamic
architecture are the best known historical styles. Both of these, but especially the former, have a
number of regional styles within them. An early example of town planning was the Harappan
architecture of the Indus Valley Civilisation, whose people lived in cities with baked brick houses,
streets in a grid layout, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, granaries, citadels, and
some non-residential buildings. Much other early Indian architecture was in wood, which has not
survived.Hindu temple architecture is mainly divided into the Dravidian style of the south and the
Nagara style of the north, with other regional styles. Housing styles also vary between regions,
partly depending on the different climates.The first major Islamic kingdom in India was the Delhi
Sultanate, which led to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture, combining Indian and Islamic
features

4. The rule of the Mughal Empire, when Mughal architecture evolved, is regarded as the zenith of
Indo-Islamic architecture, with the Taj Mahal being the high point of their contribution. Indo-Islamic
architecture influenced the Rajput and Sikh styles as well.During the British colonial period,
European styles including neoclassical, gothic revival, and baroque became prevalent across India.
The amalgamation of Indo-Islamic and European styles led to a new style, known as the Indo-
Saracenic style. After independence, modernist ideas spread among Indian architects as a way of
progressing from the colonial culture. Le Corbusier, who designed the city of Chandigarh influenced
a generation of architects towards modernism in the 20th century. The economic reforms of 1991
further bolstered the urban architecture of India as the country became more integrated with the
world's economy. Traditional Vastu Shastra remains influential in India's architecture during the
contemporary era.

6. Taj Mahal, also spelled Tadj Mahall, mausoleum complex in Agra, western Uttar Pradesh state,
northern India. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān (reigned 1628–58) to
immortalize his wife Mumtaz Mahal (“Chosen One of the Palace”), who died in childbirth in 1631,
having been the emperor’s inseparable companion since their marriage in 1612. India’s most
famous and widely recognized building, it is situated in the eastern part of the city on the southern
(right) bank of the Yamuna (Jumna) River. Agra Fort (Red Fort), also on the right bank of the
Yamuna, is about 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the Taj Mahal.

7. In its harmonious proportions and its fluid incorporation of decorative elements, the Taj Mahal is
distinguished as the finest example of Mughal architecture, a blend of Indian, Persian, and Islamic
styles. Other attractions include twin mosque buildings (placed symmetrically on either side of the
mausoleum), lovely gardens, and a museum. One of the most beautiful structural compositions in
the world, the Taj Mahal is also one of the world’s most iconic monuments, visited by millions of
tourists each year. The complex was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1983

9. The Victoria Memorial is a large marble building in Central Kolkata, which was built between 1906
and 1921. It is dedicated to the memory of Empress Victoria, now a museum under the auspices of
the Ministry of Culture, is the largest monument in the world which is dedicated to a royal. The
memorial lies on the Maidan and is one of the famous monuments of Kolkata. The Victoria
Memorial's architect was William Emerson (1843–1924). The design is in the Indo-Saracenic
revivalist style which uses a mixture of British and Mughal elements of white Makrana marble.

11. Humayun’s Tomb stands within a complex of 27.04 ha. that includes other contemporary, 16th
century Mughal garden-tombs such as Nila Gumbad, Isa Khan, Bu Halima, Afsarwala, Barber’s
Tomb and the complex where the craftsmen employed for the Building of Humayun’s Tomb stayed,
the Arab Serai.The tomb stands in an extremely significant archaeological setting, centred at the
Shrine of the 14th century Sufi Saint, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya. Since it is considered auspicious
to be buried near a saint’s grave, seven centuries of tomb building has led to the area becoming the
densest ensemble of medieval Islamic buildings in India

12. TAWANG MONASTERY
(ARUNACHALPRADESH)

13. TAWANG MONASTERY ,(ARUNACHAL PRADESH)
Tawang Monastery, located in Tawang city of Tawang district in the Indian state of Arunachal
Pradesh, is the largest monastery in India. It is situated in the valley of the Tawang Chu, near the
small town of the same name in the northwestern part of Arunachal Pradesh, in close proximity to
the Chinese and Bhutanese border.Tawang MonasteryAbout 2 Kms from the town is the Tawang
Monastery. The Monastery is the second biggest and oldest in Asia and is known as the Tawang
Ganden Namgyal Lhatse. It is famous for its 400-year-old monastery. This monastery is one of the
biggest Buddhist monasteries to be found in India and is an important pilgrim center for the
followers of Buddhism. Apart from its religious importance, Tawang is famous for its natural
beauty, which attracts and enchants the traveler

15. The Bhangarh Fort is a 16th-century fort built in the Rajasthan state of India. It was built by
Bhagwant Das for his younger son Madho Singh. The Bhangarh Fort is located on the border of the
Sariska Reserve in the Aravali range of hills in Alwar districtof Rajasthan. The nearest village is
Gola ka Baas.The fort is situated at the foot of the hills on sloping terrain The ruins of the king's
palace are located on the lower slope of the hills; trees surround the pond area and a natural
stream falls into the pond within the premises of the palace . The fort is located 235 kilometres (146
mi) from Delhi and the approach to the entrance gate of the fort in the last 2 kilometres stretch of
the road is unpaved. The fort is 20 miles (32 km) from Thana Ghazi.The nearest airport is Jaipur
International Airport, stretch of the road is unpaved.The fort is 20 miles (32 km) from Thana
Ghazi.The nearest airport is Jaipur International Airport,

16. which is 88.2 km from the fort. According to legend, a sadhu named Baba Balak Nath lived within
the fort area, and it was his injunction that any house built in the precinct of the fort should not be
taller than his own, and if the shadow of any such house fell on his, it would result in destruction
of the fort town.[8] According to another tale, a wizard adept in black magic named Sinhai fell in
love with Ratnavati, a beautiful Bhangarh princess with many suitors. One day, the wizard
followed her to the marketplace and offered her a love potion; however, she refused it, throwing it
onto a large rock that consequently rolled onto the wizard and crushed him to death.

17. SHANIWAR WADA ,(PUNE)

18. Shaniwar Wada is a historical fortification in the city of Pune, India Built in 1732,[1] it was the great
seat of the Peshwas of the Maratha Empire until 1818. Following the rise of the Maratha Empire,
the palace became the center of Indian politics in the 18th century. The fort itself was largely
destroyed in 1828 by an unexplained fire, but the surviving structures are now maintained as a
tourist site. Shaniwar Wada is one of the most haunted places in Pune located in the Maharashtra
State of India. The walls of Shaniwar Wada Fort in Pune hide a painful story of a small boy, Prince
Narayanrao who was killed by Sumer Singh Gardi

19. On the night of every new moon, this fort becomes a haunted place. People often hear the sound
“KAKA MALA VACHWA” (uncle save me) from the Fort Where the spirit of Prince Narayanrao till
now utters its last words of his past mortal life.Shaniwar Wada name came from Word Shaniwar
(Saturday) as the ceremonial foundation of the Fort was started on 30 January 1730 which was a
Saturday.

20. KUMBHALGARH
FORT(RAJASTHAN)

21. Kumbhalgarh (literally "Kumbhal fort") also known as the Great Wall of India is a Mewar fortress on
the westerly range of Aravalli Hills, in the Rajsamand district near Udaipur of Rajasthan state in
western India. It is the second-longest wall of the world after the Great Wall of China.[1] It is a
World Heritage Site included in Hill Forts of Rajasthan. It was built during the 15th century by Rana
Kumbha.

22. Kumbhalgarh also separated Mewar and Marwar from each other and was used as a place of
refuge for the rulers of Mewar at times of danger. A notable instance was in the case of Prince
Udai, the infant king of Mewar who was smuggled here in 1535, when Chittor was under siege.
Prince Udai later succeeded to the throne. The fort remained impregnable to direct assault.
Kumbhalgarh in its current form was built by Rana Kumbha who was the Rana of Mewar from the
Sisodia rajput clan. Rana Kumbha took the aid of the famous architect of the era, "Mandan". Rana
Kumbha's kingdom of Mewar stretched from Ranthambore to Gwalior and included large tracts of
what is now Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Out of the 84 forts in his dominion, Rana Kumbha is
said to have built 32 of them, of which Kumbhalgarh is the largest and most elaborate

23. VITTALA TEMPLE (HAMPI)

24. The Vittala Temple in Hampi is an ancient monument that is well-known for its exceptional
architecture and unmatched craftsmanship. It is considered to be one of the largest and the most
famous structure in Hampi. The temple is located in the north eastern part of Hampi, near the
banks of the Tungabhadra River.The iconic temple has amazing stone structures such as the
incomparable stone chariot and the fascinating musical pillars.
Main Attractions of Vittala Temple, Hampi The Musical Pillars of the Ranga Mantapa: The Ranga
Mantapa is one of the main attractions of the Vittala Temple

25. The large mantapa is renowned for its 56 musical pillars. These musical pillars are also known as
SAREGAMA pillars, indicating the musical notes emitted by them. The musical notes and emanated
when the pillars are tapped gently . Even the British rulers of India were wonderstruck and wanted to
discover the secret behind the musical pillars. To satisfy their curiosity and to unravel the mystery
behind the amazing pillars they cut two of the musical pillars of Vittala Temple to check whether
anything existed inside the stone pillars that resulted in the emission of musical notes. However, they
found nothing inside the pillars.The two pillars cut by the British rulers still exist inside the temple
complex and can be seen by visitors even today.

26. CHAR MINAR
(Hydrabad)

27. The fifth ruler of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, built the Charminar in 1591
after shifting his capital from Golkonda to the newly formed city of Hyderabad.
The Charminar's long history includes the existence of a mosque on its top floor for more than 425
years. While both historically and religiously significant, it is also known for its popular and busy
local markets surrounding the structure, and has become one of the most frequented tourist
attractions in Hyderabad

28. HAWA MAHAL ,(JAIPUR)

29. Built for women of the royal household to observe street life and festivals without really having to go
outside, the five-storey pyramidal monument is one of the key attractions in Jaipur in the state of
Rajasthan. Built in red and pink-coloured sandstone and with a façade rich in intricate details, the
18th-century building is particularly striking and not to be missed by those visiting Rajasthan

30. BRIHADESHWARA
TEMPLE,(THANJAVUR)

31. Thanjavur, the center of architecture art and religion of South India is also home to the grand
Brihadeeswarar Temple. The temple, which is also called as Brihadeshwara Temple and
RajaRajeswara Temple Rajarajeswaram, is among the largest temples of the country. The
Brihadeeswarar temple along with Airavatesvara temple and Gangaikonda Cholapuram is known
as the ‘
Great Living Chola Temple’and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site
Brihadeeswarar temple, which is dedicated to Shiva, was built by Raja Raja Chola I. The
construction was completed in 1010 which it means that the temple is more than 1000 years old.
The structure is a proof of wealth, artistic expertise and power of the Chola kingdom. According to
the inscriptions present in the temple, Kunjara Mallan Raja Raja Perumthachan was the engineer
and architect of this famous temple.

32. The structure is an example of Dravidian architecture and it represents the ideology of Tamil
civilization and Chola Empire. The temple has the world’
s tallest vimanam (temple tower) and
its Kumbam (the structure on the top) weighs approximately 80 tons. The temple has a huge
statue of Nandi (sacred bull) at the entrance. The statue is carved out of a single rock and weighs
around 20 tons. The Lingam inside the temple is 3.7 meters tall.

34. The Kailash Temple is the sixteenth cave, and it is one of the 32 cave temples and monasteries
forming the magnanimous Ellora Caves. As per the historical records, it was built by the 8th century
Rashtrakuta King Krishna I between the year 756 and 773 AD. Further, the non- Rashtrakuta style
temples located close-by denote the involvement of Pallava and Chalukya artists. The Kailash
temple at Ellora was made by the Rashtrakuta dynasty as a temple for Lord Shiva. Perhaps, it was
meant to be a lookalike of Mount Kailash, the mystical abode of Shiva.

35. The rock temple was cut in 'U' shape about 50 metres in the back, and about 2, 00,000 tonnes of
rock was removed to give shape to it. The archaeologists had calculated that it would have taken
more than a hundred years to finish the temple construction. However, in reality it took only 18
years to complete it. Interestingly, modern age engineers find it impossible to finish the same
temple using the modern technology in 18 years!

37. A jantar mantar is an assembly of stone built astronomical instruments designed to be used with the
naked eye. There were five jantar mantars in India all of them built at the command of the Rajah Jai
Singh II who had a keen interest in mathematics, architecture, and astronomy; for remain, as the
jantar mantar at the Mathura was torn down just before the revolt of 1857. In the early 18th century,
Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur constructed 5 jantar mantar in total, in New Delhi, Jaipur ,Ujjain,
Mathura, and Varanasi; they were completed between 1724 and 1735. The jantar have like Samrat
yantra, Jai prakash, Ram yantra and niyati chakra; each of which are used to for various
astronomical calculations. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronical tables
and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets

38. Golconda Fort

39. Golconda fort is located in the western part of Hyderabad city and is about 9 km from the Hussain
Sagar lake. The outer fort occupies an area of 3 square kilometres, which is 4.8 km in length. It
was originally known as Mankal, and built on a hilltop in the year 1143. It was originally a mud fort
under the reign of rajah of Warangal. Later it was fortified between 14th and 17th centuries by the
bahmani sultans and then the ruling qutb shahi dynasty. Golconda was the principal capital of the
qutub shahi Kings the inner fort contains ruins of places mosques and a hilltop pavilion which rises
about 130 metres high and gives a bird's eye view of other buildings. Historically the Golconda
region was renowned for its diamonds derived from the conglomerate rocks of the nearby hills,
including the world famous Koh-i-noor diamond.

40. CONCLUSION
Monuments are witnesses to the aesthetic and cultural history of a city, helping to
give people a sense of place and connection to the past. Historic buildings often
represent something famous or important to people who live in a city or those visiting
Many of these old architecture took more than a 50 years to build and thousands of
people worked hard to tell there stories to the future generation , hence it is our duty
to insure that these architectural buildings are protected .

41. 1. ARYAN MISHRA
2. AMIT
3. ANSHKA GOWANI
4. AYUSHI YADAV
5. AANCHAL MISHRA
6. ANUSHKA RAI
7. AADI VAISHNAVI
MADE BY

42. THANK YOU