Marine seismic surveying.

1. Seismic Data Processing
ZGE 373
Marine Seismic Acquisition
Prepared by:
Dr. Amin Khalil

2. Marine Seismic Sources:
Airgun cont’d
Response from
an airgun

4. Air gun array
One air gun Array of air guns
single
Array
desired

5. Tuning An Air Gun Array
•Summing the signal of multiple guns creates a more desirable
signal
•Note the relative scales of the left and right plots
Fromhttp://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/oma/sss/tuning.html

6. Example of array

7. Source signature
change with Depths

8. Definition

9. Ghosts

10. Effect of water layer
M u l t i p l e s

12. Main Components

13. How are things actually
looks like

16. Hydrophone
Principle of piezoelectric effect
Voltage proportional to the variation of the pressure

18. Example

20. Illastration

21. End
Thank you