India Stack was built using commodity technology and modest investments. It leveraged a first-principles approach to solve for the economic primitives of identity, payments, and data. A key part of India Stack is Aadhaar, which functions as an identity verification platform that can integrate with any service requiring that verification. Aadhaar was designed to be inclusive, protect user privacy, and serve users in local languages indefinitely.

4. Notes: Echoing the credo of M-PESA, India Stack was not built with a breakthrough of intellectual property, nor with a
mountain of investment. Instead, all the components of India Stack have been built using a first-principles approach leveraging
commodity technology, modest investment, and a commitment to solving for economic primitives of Identity, Payments, Data.

9. ₹

21. - Aadhar is designed as a platform providing a single service- identity verification- that
can be plugged into any service requiring that service.
- Not relying on single biometric alone: Fingerprints wear out with time due to physical
labour. That’s why the case of Iris scans was pushed.
- Unless a user provides explicit consent, the data cannot be shared with anyone
including the Govt.
- Was designed to be inclusive.
- Speak the local language
- Number scheme that never runs out
- Should not reveal person’s identity by simply reading a number