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‫مقدمة‬
‫لغات البرمجه " ‪ " Programming Languages‬تتكون لغة البرمجة من مجموعة من الرموز التي ستخدم في وصف‬
‫العمليات التي يطلب المستخدم من الحاسوب إنجازها . هي الطريقة الوحيدة التي تتم بواسطتها إعطاء االوامر للحاسوب‬
‫ليقوم بإنجاز المهمات والوظائف المحددة هذا هو ما جعل االهتمام بلغات البرمجة وتطويرها وإنشاء الجديد منها يأخذ‬
‫حيزا كبيرا من وقت المبرمجين ومن اهتمامهم .‬
‫إن البرامج المكتوبة بلغة التجميع "‪ " Assembly‬أو بلغة عالية المستوى "‪ " High Level Language‬ال يمكن‬
‫تنفيذها من قبل الحاسوب إال بعد تحويلها إلى اللغة الوحيدة التي "يفهمها" الحاسوب وهي لغة اآللة "‪Machine‬‬
‫‪ "Language‬عملية التحويل هذه تسمى ترجمة "‪ " Compiling‬والبرنامج الذي يقوم بالترجمة يسمى مترجم "‬
‫‪. "Compiler‬‬
‫بناءاً على ما سبق يمكن القول أن المترجم هو عبارة عن برنامج يمكنه قراءة البرنامج المكتوب بإحدى اللغات عالية‬
‫المستوى التي تسمى لغة المصدر " ‪ "Source Language‬والذي يسمى البرنامج المصدري "‪" Source Program‬‬
‫وترجمته إلى برنامج مكافئ بلغة اآللة يسمى برنامج الهدف "‪. " Target Program‬‬

‫‪Target Program‬‬

‫‪Compiler‬‬

‫‪Source Program‬‬

‫من الجدير بالذكر أن مهمة المترجم ال تقتصر فقط على تحويل اللغة وإنما يقوم أيضا خالل عملية الترجمة باكتشاف‬
‫االخطاء التي قد يحتوي عليها البرنامج المصدري. عندما يصبح برنامج الهدف على الشكل الذي يكون فيه قابال للتنفيذ‬
‫عندها فقط يتم تحويل المدخالت إلى مخرجات ونتائج. أي تتم عملية التنفيذ.‬
‫مراحل المترجم‬
‫محلل المفردات ‪Lexical Analysis‬‬
‫إن محلل المفردات أو مايطلق عليه احياناً بالماسح "‪ "Scanner‬هو الذي يقوم بالقراءة الفعلية لبرنامج المصدر على‬
‫هيئة سلسلة متتابعة من الحروف التي تك ّن وحدات ذات مفردات تكون مفردات "‪ "Tokens‬لغة البرمجة وبالتالي فإن‬
‫و‬
‫دور محلل المفردات هو تمييز مفردات اللغة ويقوم بذلك برنامج يسمى"‪ "Lexical Analyzer‬او ما يسمى"‪."Scanner‬‬

‫محلل الصيغ النحوية ‪Syntax Analysis‬‬
‫أن مرحلة تحليل الصيغ النحوية أو مايطلق عليها أحياناً مرحلة اإلعراب "‪ "Parsing‬تتلقى شفرة المصدر من محلل‬
‫المفردات ليقوم بتحليل الصيغ النحوية لتحديد هيكل البرنامج وذلك مثل تحليل القواعد لجملة من اللغات الطبيعية‬
‫ونتيجة لهذا المرحلة يتم إنشاء شجرة اإلعراب "‪ "Parse Tree‬أو شجرة النحو "‪ "Syntax Tree‬أي تقوم هذه المرحلة‬
‫بتحليل البرنامج والبحث في تركيب الجمله وترتيب الكلمات أو مفردات اللغة بشكل صحيح في الجملة ويقوم بهذا‬
‫برنامج يسمى "‪ "Syntax Analyzer‬أو ما يسمى "‪. "Parser‬‬

‫محلل الدالالت ‪Semantic Analysis‬‬
‫إن دالالت أو معاني البرنامج هو المعنى الخاص في مقابله صيغة نحوية ويتم تحديد دالالت أي برنامج من خالل سلوكه‬
‫أثناء التشغيل ولكن معظم لغات البرمجة لديها بعض الصفات التي يمكن تحديدها قبل البدء في التشغيل ولكن تلك‬
‫الصفات ال يستطيع وصفها أو تحليلها بواسطة محلل الصيغ النحوية ويطلق على هذه الصفات الدالالت الثابتة ‪"Static‬‬
‫"‪ Semantic‬ومهمة محلل الدالالت هو تحليل هذا النوع من الدالالت التي تشمل بشكل اساسي على التعريفات‬
‫"‪ "Declarations‬واختبار األنواع للبيانات "‪ ، "Type Checking‬والمعلومات اإلضافية التي تعكس هذه الدالالت تسمى‬
‫خصائص أو صفات "‪ "Attributes‬ويتم تحديدها أثناء المرحل الحالية في هذه المرحله وغالباً ما يتم إضافتها كحواشي‬
‫شجرة اإلعراب أو شجرة النحو أو قد تضاف إلى جدول الرموز الخاص "‪ . "Symbol Table‬إذاً هذه المرحله هي مرحلة‬
‫تحليل الجمل من ناحية معاني ودالالت األلفاظ المختلفه في جمل وعبارات البرنامج ، والذي يقوم بهذا برنامج يسمى‬
‫"‪. "Semantic Analyzer‬‬
the program pic.
Source Codeٍ
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using
using

System;
System.Collections.Generic;
System.ComponentModel;
System.Data;
System.Drawing;
System.Linq;
System.Text;
System.Windows.Forms;
System.IO;
System.Text.RegularExpressions;
System.Windows.Forms.PropertyGridInternal;

namespace compiler
{
public partial class compiler : Form
{
public compiler()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
string[] op = {"{","}","[","]","(",")",".",",",":",";","+","-","*","/","%","&"
+ "|","^","!","~","=","<",">","?","??","::","++","--","&&","||",">","==","!=","<=",">="
+ "+=","-=","*=","/=","%=","&=","|=","^=","<<","<<=","=>","'" };
string[] sy = { "#", "@", "$", "~", "`" };
string[] di = { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" };
string[] leu = { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o",
"p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z" };
string[] lel = { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O",
"P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z" };
public static string[] syentax = new string[150];
string[] keyword
={"abstract","as","base","bool","break","byte","case","catch","char","checked","class","const","continu
e","decimal","default" ,
"delegate","do","double","else","enum","event","explicit","extern","false","finally","fixed","float","f
or","foreach","goto","if","implicit" ,"in","int",
"interface","internal","is","lock","long","namespace","new","null","object","operator
","out","override","params","private","protected","public",
"readonly","ref","return","sbyte","sealed","short","sizeof","stackalloc","static","string","struct","sw
itch","this" ,"throw","true","try","typeof",
"uint","ulong","unchecked","unsafe","ushort","using","virtual","void","volatile",
"while"};

string[] operators = { "-", "+", "=", "/", "*", "%", "!", "<", ">" };
string[] symbls = { ";", ",", "(", ")", "{", "}", "[", "]" };
//string token = "";
string m;
char[] work;
int r = 0;
int i;
private void picopen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
richTextBox1.Clear();
OpenFileDialog op = new OpenFileDialog();
if (op.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)
{
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(op.FileName);
try
{
while ((m = sr.ReadLine().ToString()) != null)
{
richTextBox1.Text += m + "r";
}
}
catch { }
sr.Close();
}
}
private void pictureBox2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Close();
}
private void pictureBox3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Close();
}
private void lexical_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
listBox1.Items.Clear();
work = richTextBox1.Text.ToCharArray();
r = richTextBox1.TextLength;
string textlex, cy; int j = 0;
cy = richTextBox1.Text;
if (richTextBox1.Text.Length > 0)
{
textlex = "";
for (int i = 0; i < richTextBox1.Text.Length; i++)
{
j = i + 1;
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i])
{
case ' ':
{
listBox1.Items.Add(textlex);
if (keyword.Contains(textlex))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); }
else
{ check(textlex); }
textlex = "";
}; break;
case 'n':
{
listBox1.Items.Add(textlex);
if (keyword.Contains(textlex))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); }
else
{ check(textlex); }
textlex = "";
}; break;
case 'r':
{
listBox1.Items.Add(textlex);
if (keyword.Contains(textlex))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); }
else
{ check(textlex); }
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '+':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case 'r':
{
test(textlex, "+", "Addition Operator "); textlex = "";
//test(textlex, "++", "Increment by 1 ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '+':
{
test(textlex, "++", "Increment by 1 ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "+=", "Addition Assignment Operator");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
// --i;
default:
{
test(textlex, "+", "Addition Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "+", "Addition Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '=':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "==", "Equality Operator");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "=", "Equal Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "=", "Equal Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '|':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '|':
{
test(textlex, "||", "Logical Operator");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "|", "Or Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "|", "Or Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '&':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '&':
{
test(textlex, "&&", "Logical Operator");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "&", "And Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "&", "And Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '!':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '=':

{
test(textlex, "!=", "Compares ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "!", "Not Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "!", "Not Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '-':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "-=", "Subtraction Assignment Operator
");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '-':
{
test(textlex, "--", "decrement by 1 ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "-", "Mins Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "-", "Mins Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '*':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "*=", "Mulity Assignment Operator ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '/':
{
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "*", "Multiply Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}

}
catch { test(textlex, "*", "Multiply Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '^':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "^=", "Exclusive Assignment Operator ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "^", "Exclusive Operator "); textlex =
"";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "^", "Exclusive Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '%':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "%=", "Mod Assignment Operator ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "%", "Mod Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "%", "Mod Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '/':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '/':
{
try
{
listBox1.Items.Add(textlex);
if (keyword.Contains(textlex))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); }
else
{ check(textlex); }
while (richTextBox1.Text[i] != 'n')
{ i++; }
textlex = "";

}
catch { };
};
break;
case '*':
{
listBox1.Items.Add(textlex);
if (keyword.Contains(textlex))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); }
else
{ check(textlex); }
while (richTextBox1.Text[i] != '*')
{
while (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1] != '/')
{ i++; }
} i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "/=", "Divid Assignment Operator ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "/", "Divid Operator "); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "/", "Divid Operator "); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '<':
{
try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '<':
{
test(textlex, "<<", "Left-Shift Operator ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '=':
{
test(textlex, "<=", "Compares Operator ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, "<", "Compares Operator"); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, "<", "Compares Operator"); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case '>':
{

try
{
switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1])
{
case '>':
{
test(textlex, ">>", "Right-Shift Operator ");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
case '=':
{
test(textlex, ">=", "Compares Operator");
i++;
textlex = "";
}; break;
default:
{
test(textlex, ">", "Compares Operator"); textlex = "";
} break;
}
}
catch { test(textlex, ">", "Compares Operator"); textlex = ""; }
}; break;
case ';':
{
test(textlex, ";", "Semicolon Char_End_Code"); textlex = "";
}; break;
case ',':
{
test(textlex, ",", "Comma Space word"); textlex = "";
}; break;
case ''':
{
test(textlex, "'", "Qutation Singel Charchter"); textlex = "";
}; break;
case '"':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case ':':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case '?':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case '':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case '.':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case '(':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case ')':
{

""", "Double Qutation

":", "Conditional"); textlex = "";

"?", "Qution mark Conditional"); textlex = "";

"", "Backslash "); textlex = "";

".", "period "); textlex = "";

"(", "Parentheses

test(textlex, ")", "Parentheses
}; break;
case ']':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case '[':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case '{':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
case '}':
{
test(textlex,
}; break;
default:
{

String"); textlex = "";

" + "Casting"); textlex = "";

" + "Casting"); textlex = "";

"]", "square brackets

" + "Indexing"); textlex = "";

"[", "square brackets

" + "Indexing"); textlex = "";

"{", "optional brackets

"}", "optional

brackets

textlex += richTextBox1.Text[i];
if (i == richTextBox1.Text.Length - 1)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(textlex);
if (keyword.Contains(textlex))
{
listBox2.Items.Add("keyword");
}

"); textlex = "";

"); textlex = "";
else
{ check(textlex); }
}
} break;
}
}
}
else
{
MessageBox.Show("There is no exprission in textbox", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK,
MessageBoxIcon.Error);
}
}

private void check(string s)
{
int x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, v = 0, r = 0, e = 0, m = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++)
{
if (leu.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i])) | lel.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i])) | s[i]
== '_' | di.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i])))
{
x++;
if (leu.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[0])) | lel.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[0])) |
s[0] == '_')
{ v++; }
}
if (s[i] == '.' | di.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i])))
{ y++; r++; }
if (sy.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i])))
{ z++; e++; }
if (s[i] == ' ')
{ m++; }
}
if ((x == s.Length) & (v > 0))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Ident"); v = 0; }
else
if ((y == s.Length) & Convert.ToBoolean(r > 0))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Digit"); }
else
if (z == s.Length & Convert.ToBoolean(e > 0))
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Symbol"); }
else
if (m == s.Length)
{ listBox1.Items.Remove(s); }
else
{ listBox2.Items.Add("Error_Ident"); }
}
private void listBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int i = ((ListBox)sender).SelectedIndex;
listBox1.SelectedIndex = i;
listBox2.SelectedIndex = i;
}
private void test(string s, string msg1, string msg2)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(s);
if (keyword.Contains(s))
{
listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword");
}
else
{
check(s);
}
listBox1.Items.Add(msg1);
listBox2.Items.Add(msg2);

}
void coun(string token)
{
Decimal z;
if (Decimal.TryParse(token, out z))
{
listBox1.Items.Add(token);

listBox2.Items.Add("number");
}
else if (operators.Contains(token))
{
listBox1.Items.Add(token);
listBox2.Items.Add("operator");
}

else if (symbls.Contains(token))
{
if (i < work.Length - 1)
if (symbls.Contains(work[i + 1].ToString()))
{
token += work[i + 1];
listBox1.Items.Add(token);
listBox2.Items.Add("symbols");

}
else
{
listBox1.Items.Add(token);
listBox2.Items.Add("symbols");
}
}
}
int count;
string[] key = { "main", "for", "case", "switch", "if", "while", "return" };
private void pictureBox5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
count = listBox1.Items.Count;
listBox3.Items.Clear();
for (int c = 0; c <= listBox1.Items.Count - 1; c++)
{
listBox3.Items.Add(listBox1.Items[c].ToString());
syentax[c] = listBox1.Items[c].ToString();
}
}
private void pictureBox4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
int dd;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{

if (key.Contains(syentax[i]))
{
subnode(i);
ii++;
i += kk;

dd = i;
if (key.Contains(syentax[dd]))
{
subnode(dd);
i += kk;
ii++;
}
}
else
{
treeView1.Nodes.Add(syentax[i]);
ii++;
}
}
}
int kk=0;
int ii = 0;
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
void subnode(int i)
{
string []syy= new string[100];
bool ch =false;
int j = 0;
int k = i+1;
int f = 0;
treeView1.Nodes.Add(syentax[i]);
while (!ch)
{
if (syentax[k] == "}")
{
syy[++f] = syentax[k];
ch = true;
}
else if (syentax[k] == "
syentax[k] == " ")
{
k++;

" || syentax[k] == "nn" || syentax[k] == "tt" ||

}
else
{
syy[f] = syentax[k];
k++;
f++;
}
}
treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]);
treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add("exp");
j++;
k = 1;
while (f>=0)
{
if (syy[j] == ")")
{
treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]);
k+=3;
}
else if (syy[j] == "{")
{
treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]);
treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add("exp");
}

else if (syy[j] == "}")
{
treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]);
ch = false;
}
else
treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes[k].Nodes.Add(syy[j]);
j++;
f--;
}
kk = j-1;
}
string ty, idd, vala;
private void button1_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
dataGridView1.ColumnCount = 4;
dataGridView1.Columns[0].Name
dataGridView1.Columns[1].Name
dataGridView1.Columns[2].Name
dataGridView1.Columns[3].Name

=
=
=
=

"TYPE";
"NAME";
"VALUEO";
"SCOPE";

int tt = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
if (syentax[i].Trim() == "int" || syentax[i].Trim() == "char" || syentax[i].Trim() ==
"float" || syentax[i].Trim() == "string")
{
ty = syentax[i];
idd = syentax[i + 1];
if (syentax[i + 2] == "=")
{
vala = syentax[i + 3];
}
else
{
vala = "null";
}
dataGridView1.Rows.Add();
dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[0].Value
dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[1].Value
dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[2].Value
dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[3].Value
tt++;
i += 3;
}
}
}
}
}

END SOURCE CODE;;;

=
=
=
=

ty;
idd;
vala;
"pablic";
Compiler programming in c# report

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Compiler programming in c# report

  • 1.
  • 2. ‫مقدمة‬ ‫لغات البرمجه " ‪ " Programming Languages‬تتكون لغة البرمجة من مجموعة من الرموز التي ستخدم في وصف‬ ‫العمليات التي يطلب المستخدم من الحاسوب إنجازها . هي الطريقة الوحيدة التي تتم بواسطتها إعطاء االوامر للحاسوب‬ ‫ليقوم بإنجاز المهمات والوظائف المحددة هذا هو ما جعل االهتمام بلغات البرمجة وتطويرها وإنشاء الجديد منها يأخذ‬ ‫حيزا كبيرا من وقت المبرمجين ومن اهتمامهم .‬ ‫إن البرامج المكتوبة بلغة التجميع "‪ " Assembly‬أو بلغة عالية المستوى "‪ " High Level Language‬ال يمكن‬ ‫تنفيذها من قبل الحاسوب إال بعد تحويلها إلى اللغة الوحيدة التي "يفهمها" الحاسوب وهي لغة اآللة "‪Machine‬‬ ‫‪ "Language‬عملية التحويل هذه تسمى ترجمة "‪ " Compiling‬والبرنامج الذي يقوم بالترجمة يسمى مترجم "‬ ‫‪. "Compiler‬‬ ‫بناءاً على ما سبق يمكن القول أن المترجم هو عبارة عن برنامج يمكنه قراءة البرنامج المكتوب بإحدى اللغات عالية‬ ‫المستوى التي تسمى لغة المصدر " ‪ "Source Language‬والذي يسمى البرنامج المصدري "‪" Source Program‬‬ ‫وترجمته إلى برنامج مكافئ بلغة اآللة يسمى برنامج الهدف "‪. " Target Program‬‬ ‫‪Target Program‬‬ ‫‪Compiler‬‬ ‫‪Source Program‬‬ ‫من الجدير بالذكر أن مهمة المترجم ال تقتصر فقط على تحويل اللغة وإنما يقوم أيضا خالل عملية الترجمة باكتشاف‬ ‫االخطاء التي قد يحتوي عليها البرنامج المصدري. عندما يصبح برنامج الهدف على الشكل الذي يكون فيه قابال للتنفيذ‬ ‫عندها فقط يتم تحويل المدخالت إلى مخرجات ونتائج. أي تتم عملية التنفيذ.‬
  • 3. ‫مراحل المترجم‬ ‫محلل المفردات ‪Lexical Analysis‬‬ ‫إن محلل المفردات أو مايطلق عليه احياناً بالماسح "‪ "Scanner‬هو الذي يقوم بالقراءة الفعلية لبرنامج المصدر على‬ ‫هيئة سلسلة متتابعة من الحروف التي تك ّن وحدات ذات مفردات تكون مفردات "‪ "Tokens‬لغة البرمجة وبالتالي فإن‬ ‫و‬ ‫دور محلل المفردات هو تمييز مفردات اللغة ويقوم بذلك برنامج يسمى"‪ "Lexical Analyzer‬او ما يسمى"‪."Scanner‬‬ ‫محلل الصيغ النحوية ‪Syntax Analysis‬‬ ‫أن مرحلة تحليل الصيغ النحوية أو مايطلق عليها أحياناً مرحلة اإلعراب "‪ "Parsing‬تتلقى شفرة المصدر من محلل‬ ‫المفردات ليقوم بتحليل الصيغ النحوية لتحديد هيكل البرنامج وذلك مثل تحليل القواعد لجملة من اللغات الطبيعية‬ ‫ونتيجة لهذا المرحلة يتم إنشاء شجرة اإلعراب "‪ "Parse Tree‬أو شجرة النحو "‪ "Syntax Tree‬أي تقوم هذه المرحلة‬ ‫بتحليل البرنامج والبحث في تركيب الجمله وترتيب الكلمات أو مفردات اللغة بشكل صحيح في الجملة ويقوم بهذا‬ ‫برنامج يسمى "‪ "Syntax Analyzer‬أو ما يسمى "‪. "Parser‬‬ ‫محلل الدالالت ‪Semantic Analysis‬‬ ‫إن دالالت أو معاني البرنامج هو المعنى الخاص في مقابله صيغة نحوية ويتم تحديد دالالت أي برنامج من خالل سلوكه‬ ‫أثناء التشغيل ولكن معظم لغات البرمجة لديها بعض الصفات التي يمكن تحديدها قبل البدء في التشغيل ولكن تلك‬ ‫الصفات ال يستطيع وصفها أو تحليلها بواسطة محلل الصيغ النحوية ويطلق على هذه الصفات الدالالت الثابتة ‪"Static‬‬ ‫"‪ Semantic‬ومهمة محلل الدالالت هو تحليل هذا النوع من الدالالت التي تشمل بشكل اساسي على التعريفات‬ ‫"‪ "Declarations‬واختبار األنواع للبيانات "‪ ، "Type Checking‬والمعلومات اإلضافية التي تعكس هذه الدالالت تسمى‬ ‫خصائص أو صفات "‪ "Attributes‬ويتم تحديدها أثناء المرحل الحالية في هذه المرحله وغالباً ما يتم إضافتها كحواشي‬ ‫شجرة اإلعراب أو شجرة النحو أو قد تضاف إلى جدول الرموز الخاص "‪ . "Symbol Table‬إذاً هذه المرحله هي مرحلة‬ ‫تحليل الجمل من ناحية معاني ودالالت األلفاظ المختلفه في جمل وعبارات البرنامج ، والذي يقوم بهذا برنامج يسمى‬ ‫"‪. "Semantic Analyzer‬‬
  • 5. Source Codeٍ using using using using using using using using using using using System; System.Collections.Generic; System.ComponentModel; System.Data; System.Drawing; System.Linq; System.Text; System.Windows.Forms; System.IO; System.Text.RegularExpressions; System.Windows.Forms.PropertyGridInternal; namespace compiler { public partial class compiler : Form { public compiler() { InitializeComponent(); } string[] op = {"{","}","[","]","(",")",".",",",":",";","+","-","*","/","%","&" + "|","^","!","~","=","<",">","?","??","::","++","--","&&","||",">","==","!=","<=",">=" + "+=","-=","*=","/=","%=","&=","|=","^=","<<","<<=","=>","'" }; string[] sy = { "#", "@", "$", "~", "`" }; string[] di = { "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9" }; string[] leu = { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "s", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "z" }; string[] lel = { "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H", "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z" }; public static string[] syentax = new string[150]; string[] keyword ={"abstract","as","base","bool","break","byte","case","catch","char","checked","class","const","continu e","decimal","default" , "delegate","do","double","else","enum","event","explicit","extern","false","finally","fixed","float","f or","foreach","goto","if","implicit" ,"in","int", "interface","internal","is","lock","long","namespace","new","null","object","operator ","out","override","params","private","protected","public", "readonly","ref","return","sbyte","sealed","short","sizeof","stackalloc","static","string","struct","sw itch","this" ,"throw","true","try","typeof", "uint","ulong","unchecked","unsafe","ushort","using","virtual","void","volatile", "while"}; string[] operators = { "-", "+", "=", "/", "*", "%", "!", "<", ">" };
  • 6. string[] symbls = { ";", ",", "(", ")", "{", "}", "[", "]" }; //string token = ""; string m; char[] work; int r = 0; int i; private void picopen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { richTextBox1.Clear(); OpenFileDialog op = new OpenFileDialog(); if (op.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(op.FileName); try { while ((m = sr.ReadLine().ToString()) != null) { richTextBox1.Text += m + "r"; } } catch { } sr.Close(); } } private void pictureBox2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Close(); } private void pictureBox3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { Close(); } private void lexical_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { listBox1.Items.Clear(); work = richTextBox1.Text.ToCharArray(); r = richTextBox1.TextLength; string textlex, cy; int j = 0; cy = richTextBox1.Text; if (richTextBox1.Text.Length > 0) { textlex = ""; for (int i = 0; i < richTextBox1.Text.Length; i++) { j = i + 1; switch (richTextBox1.Text[i]) { case ' ': { listBox1.Items.Add(textlex); if (keyword.Contains(textlex))
  • 7. { listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); } else { check(textlex); } textlex = ""; }; break; case 'n': { listBox1.Items.Add(textlex); if (keyword.Contains(textlex)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); } else { check(textlex); } textlex = ""; }; break; case 'r': { listBox1.Items.Add(textlex); if (keyword.Contains(textlex)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); } else { check(textlex); } textlex = ""; }; break; case '+': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case 'r': { test(textlex, "+", "Addition Operator "); textlex = ""; //test(textlex, "++", "Increment by 1 "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; case '+': { test(textlex, "++", "Increment by 1 "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; case '=': { test(textlex, "+=", "Addition Assignment Operator"); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; // --i; default: { test(textlex, "+", "Addition Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "+", "Addition Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break;
  • 8. case '=': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '=': { test(textlex, "==", "Equality Operator"); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "=", "Equal Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "=", "Equal Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '|': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '|': { test(textlex, "||", "Logical Operator"); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "|", "Or Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "|", "Or Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '&': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '&': { test(textlex, "&&", "Logical Operator"); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "&", "And Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "&", "And Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break;
  • 9. case '!': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '=': { test(textlex, "!=", "Compares "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "!", "Not Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "!", "Not Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '-': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '=': { test(textlex, "-=", "Subtraction Assignment Operator "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; case '-': { test(textlex, "--", "decrement by 1 "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "-", "Mins Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "-", "Mins Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '*': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '=': { test(textlex, "*=", "Mulity Assignment Operator "); i++; textlex = "";
  • 10. }; break; case '/': { i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "*", "Multiply Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "*", "Multiply Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '^': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '=': { test(textlex, "^=", "Exclusive Assignment Operator "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "^", "Exclusive Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "^", "Exclusive Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '%': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '=': { test(textlex, "%=", "Mod Assignment Operator "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "%", "Mod Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "%", "Mod Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break;
  • 11. case '/': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '/': { try { listBox1.Items.Add(textlex); if (keyword.Contains(textlex)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); } else { check(textlex); } while (richTextBox1.Text[i] != 'n') { i++; } textlex = ""; } catch { }; }; break; case '*': { listBox1.Items.Add(textlex); if (keyword.Contains(textlex)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); } else { check(textlex); } while (richTextBox1.Text[i] != '*') { while (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1] != '/') { i++; } } i++; textlex = ""; }; break; case '=': { test(textlex, "/=", "Divid Assignment Operator "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "/", "Divid Operator "); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "/", "Divid Operator "); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '<': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '<':
  • 12. { test(textlex, "<<", "Left-Shift Operator "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; case '=': { test(textlex, "<=", "Compares Operator "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, "<", "Compares Operator"); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, "<", "Compares Operator"); textlex = ""; } }; break; case '>': { try { switch (richTextBox1.Text[i + 1]) { case '>': { test(textlex, ">>", "Right-Shift Operator "); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; case '=': { test(textlex, ">=", "Compares Operator"); i++; textlex = ""; }; break; default: { test(textlex, ">", "Compares Operator"); textlex = ""; } break; } } catch { test(textlex, ">", "Compares Operator"); textlex = ""; } }; break; case ';': { test(textlex, ";", "Semicolon Char_End_Code"); textlex = ""; }; break; case ',': { test(textlex, ",", "Comma Space word"); textlex = ""; }; break; case ''': { test(textlex, "'", "Qutation Singel Charchter"); textlex = ""; }; break;
  • 13. case '"': { test(textlex, }; break; case ':': { test(textlex, }; break; case '?': { test(textlex, }; break; case '': { test(textlex, }; break; case '.': { test(textlex, }; break; case '(': { test(textlex, }; break; case ')': { """, "Double Qutation ":", "Conditional"); textlex = ""; "?", "Qution mark Conditional"); textlex = ""; "", "Backslash "); textlex = ""; ".", "period "); textlex = ""; "(", "Parentheses test(textlex, ")", "Parentheses }; break; case ']': { test(textlex, }; break; case '[': { test(textlex, }; break; case '{': { test(textlex, }; break; case '}': { test(textlex, }; break; default: { String"); textlex = ""; " + "Casting"); textlex = ""; " + "Casting"); textlex = ""; "]", "square brackets " + "Indexing"); textlex = ""; "[", "square brackets " + "Indexing"); textlex = ""; "{", "optional brackets "}", "optional brackets textlex += richTextBox1.Text[i]; if (i == richTextBox1.Text.Length - 1) { listBox1.Items.Add(textlex); if (keyword.Contains(textlex)) { listBox2.Items.Add("keyword"); } "); textlex = ""; "); textlex = "";
  • 14. else { check(textlex); } } } break; } } } else { MessageBox.Show("There is no exprission in textbox", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } } private void check(string s) { int x = 0, y = 0, z = 0, v = 0, r = 0, e = 0, m = 0; for (int i = 0; i < s.Length; i++) { if (leu.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i])) | lel.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i])) | s[i] == '_' | di.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i]))) { x++; if (leu.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[0])) | lel.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[0])) | s[0] == '_') { v++; } } if (s[i] == '.' | di.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i]))) { y++; r++; } if (sy.Contains(Convert.ToString(s[i]))) { z++; e++; } if (s[i] == ' ') { m++; } } if ((x == s.Length) & (v > 0)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Ident"); v = 0; } else if ((y == s.Length) & Convert.ToBoolean(r > 0)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Digit"); } else if (z == s.Length & Convert.ToBoolean(e > 0)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Symbol"); } else if (m == s.Length) { listBox1.Items.Remove(s); } else { listBox2.Items.Add("Error_Ident"); } } private void listBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { int i = ((ListBox)sender).SelectedIndex; listBox1.SelectedIndex = i;
  • 15. listBox2.SelectedIndex = i; } private void test(string s, string msg1, string msg2) { listBox1.Items.Add(s); if (keyword.Contains(s)) { listBox2.Items.Add("Keyword"); } else { check(s); } listBox1.Items.Add(msg1); listBox2.Items.Add(msg2); } void coun(string token) { Decimal z; if (Decimal.TryParse(token, out z)) { listBox1.Items.Add(token); listBox2.Items.Add("number"); } else if (operators.Contains(token)) { listBox1.Items.Add(token); listBox2.Items.Add("operator"); } else if (symbls.Contains(token)) { if (i < work.Length - 1) if (symbls.Contains(work[i + 1].ToString())) { token += work[i + 1]; listBox1.Items.Add(token); listBox2.Items.Add("symbols"); } else { listBox1.Items.Add(token); listBox2.Items.Add("symbols"); } } } int count; string[] key = { "main", "for", "case", "switch", "if", "while", "return" };
  • 16. private void pictureBox5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { count = listBox1.Items.Count; listBox3.Items.Clear(); for (int c = 0; c <= listBox1.Items.Count - 1; c++) { listBox3.Items.Add(listBox1.Items[c].ToString()); syentax[c] = listBox1.Items[c].ToString(); } } private void pictureBox4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { int dd; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (key.Contains(syentax[i])) { subnode(i); ii++; i += kk; dd = i; if (key.Contains(syentax[dd])) { subnode(dd); i += kk; ii++; } } else { treeView1.Nodes.Add(syentax[i]); ii++; } } } int kk=0; int ii = 0; private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { } void subnode(int i) { string []syy= new string[100]; bool ch =false;
  • 17. int j = 0; int k = i+1; int f = 0; treeView1.Nodes.Add(syentax[i]); while (!ch) { if (syentax[k] == "}") { syy[++f] = syentax[k]; ch = true; } else if (syentax[k] == " syentax[k] == " ") { k++; " || syentax[k] == "nn" || syentax[k] == "tt" || } else { syy[f] = syentax[k]; k++; f++; } } treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]); treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add("exp"); j++; k = 1; while (f>=0) { if (syy[j] == ")") { treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]); k+=3; } else if (syy[j] == "{") { treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]); treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add("exp"); } else if (syy[j] == "}") { treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes.Add(syy[j]); ch = false; } else treeView1.Nodes[ii].Nodes[k].Nodes.Add(syy[j]);
  • 18. j++; f--; } kk = j-1; } string ty, idd, vala; private void button1_Click_1(object sender, EventArgs e) { dataGridView1.ColumnCount = 4; dataGridView1.Columns[0].Name dataGridView1.Columns[1].Name dataGridView1.Columns[2].Name dataGridView1.Columns[3].Name = = = = "TYPE"; "NAME"; "VALUEO"; "SCOPE"; int tt = 0; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { if (syentax[i].Trim() == "int" || syentax[i].Trim() == "char" || syentax[i].Trim() == "float" || syentax[i].Trim() == "string") { ty = syentax[i]; idd = syentax[i + 1]; if (syentax[i + 2] == "=") { vala = syentax[i + 3]; } else { vala = "null"; } dataGridView1.Rows.Add(); dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[0].Value dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[1].Value dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[2].Value dataGridView1.Rows[tt].Cells[3].Value tt++; i += 3; } } } } } END SOURCE CODE;;; = = = = ty; idd; vala; "pablic";