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1. Chapter 2Chapter 2
Modern Private SecurityModern Private Security

2. What is Private Security?What is Private Security?
 Private security is:Private security is:
 A profit oriented business.A profit oriented business.
 It provides personnel, equipment and/orIt provides personnel, equipment and/or
procedures to prevent losses caused byprocedures to prevent losses caused by
human error, emergencies, disasters orhuman error, emergencies, disasters or
criminal actions.criminal actions.

3. Major Functions Performed byMajor Functions Performed by
Private Security OfficersPrivate Security Officers
 The primary function is to prevent loss by:The primary function is to prevent loss by:
 (1) gathering information.(1) gathering information.
 (2) controlling access to and maintaining(2) controlling access to and maintaining
order on private property.order on private property.
 (3) protecting persons and property against(3) protecting persons and property against
crime and disaster.crime and disaster.

4. Major Functions Performed byMajor Functions Performed by
Private Security OfficersPrivate Security Officers
 Specific functions:Specific functions:
 Enforce policies and procedures of security,Enforce policies and procedures of security,
access and asset control and employeeaccess and asset control and employee
safety.safety.
 Provide a secure workplace environment.Provide a secure workplace environment.
 Protect assets and technology of companies.Protect assets and technology of companies.
 Respond to on-site incidents.Respond to on-site incidents.
 Report unsafe or threatening securityReport unsafe or threatening security
conditions.conditions.

5. Major Types of Private SecurityMajor Types of Private Security
PersonnelPersonnel
 Private security guards-usually in uniformPrivate security guards-usually in uniform
and armed:and armed:
 Control access to private property.Control access to private property.
 Maintain order on premises.Maintain order on premises.
 Enforce rules and regulations of employer.Enforce rules and regulations of employer.
 Protect against loss from fire or equipmentProtect against loss from fire or equipment
failure.failure.
 Help prevent and/or detect criminal acts onHelp prevent and/or detect criminal acts on
private property.private property.

6. Major Types of Private SecurityMajor Types of Private Security
PersonnelPersonnel
 Private Patrol Officers, similar to publicPrivate Patrol Officers, similar to public
police patrol officers.police patrol officers.
 Protect and patrol private property.Protect and patrol private property.
 Citizens perceive public patrol unable toCitizens perceive public patrol unable to
protect them so they turn to private patrol.protect them so they turn to private patrol.

7. Major Types of Private SecurityMajor Types of Private Security
PersonnelPersonnel
 Private Investigators (PI) do some criminalPrivate Investigators (PI) do some criminal
investigation.investigation.
 Law firms use PI’s to assist in preparing for civilLaw firms use PI’s to assist in preparing for civil
and criminal trials.and criminal trials.
 Often do background checks for employers andOften do background checks for employers and
insurance and credit applications.insurance and credit applications.
 Often do undercover work to detect employeeOften do undercover work to detect employee
dishonesty, pilferage or shoplifting.dishonesty, pilferage or shoplifting.

8. Major Types of Private SecurityMajor Types of Private Security
PersonnelPersonnel
 Armed Couriers are uniformed and armed.Armed Couriers are uniformed and armed.
 They ensure protection of money,They ensure protection of money,
documents or people as they aredocuments or people as they are
transported from one place to another.transported from one place to another.
 Brink’s is the largest armed courierBrink’s is the largest armed courier
service.service.

9. Major Types of Private SecurityMajor Types of Private Security
PersonnelPersonnel
 Central Alarm Respondents are part ofCentral Alarm Respondents are part of
central alarm services.central alarm services.
 High number of false alarms cannot beHigh number of false alarms cannot be
answered by police.answered by police.
 Alarm respondents sent to activatedAlarm respondents sent to activated
alarms.alarms.
 ADT is the largest private central alarmADT is the largest private central alarm
service.service.

10. Major Types of Private SecurityMajor Types of Private Security
PersonnelPersonnel
 Consultants whether in-house or outsideConsultants whether in-house or outside
are brought in to:are brought in to:
 Assess what types of threats or risks affectAssess what types of threats or risks affect
assets to be protected.assets to be protected.
 Render opinion on probability of those threatsRender opinion on probability of those threats
or risks.or risks.
 Recommend a security or loss preventionRecommend a security or loss prevention
plan to reduce probability of those threats orplan to reduce probability of those threats or
risks.risks.

11. Differences in Proprietary andDifferences in Proprietary and
Contractual Private SecurityContractual Private Security
 Proprietary services are in-house, directlyProprietary services are in-house, directly
hired and controlled by company orhired and controlled by company or
organization.organization.
 Contract services are outside firms orContract services are outside firms or
individuals who provide security servicesindividuals who provide security services
for a fee.for a fee.
 Hybrid services combine the two.Hybrid services combine the two.

12. Advantages of Proprietary andAdvantages of Proprietary and
Contractual Private SecurityContractual Private Security
 ProprietaryProprietary
 LoyaltyLoyalty
 IncentiveIncentive
 Knowledge of internal operationKnowledge of internal operation
 Tenure (less turnover)Tenure (less turnover)
 Control stays in-houseControl stays in-house
 Supervision stays in houseSupervision stays in house
 Training geared to specific jobTraining geared to specific job
 Company image improvedCompany image improved
 MoraleMorale
 Courtesy to in-house personnelCourtesy to in-house personnel
 Better law enforcement liaisonBetter law enforcement liaison
 Selection controlledSelection controlled
 Better communicationBetter communication
 ContractContract
 SelectivitySelectivity
 FlexibilityFlexibility
 Replacement of absenteeismReplacement of absenteeism
 Supervision (at no cost)Supervision (at no cost)
 Training at no costTraining at no cost
 ObjectivityObjectivity
 Cost (20% less, not countingCost (20% less, not counting
administrative costs)administrative costs)
 QualityQuality
 Administration and budgeting takenAdministration and budgeting taken
care ofcare of
 Little union problemsLittle union problems
 Variety of services and equipmentVariety of services and equipment
 Hiring and screening (at no cost)Hiring and screening (at no cost)
 Better local law enforcement contractsBetter local law enforcement contracts
 Sharing expertise and knowledgeSharing expertise and knowledge

13. Disadvantages of Proprietary andDisadvantages of Proprietary and
Contractual Private SecurityContractual Private Security
 ProprietaryProprietary
 UnionsUnions
 Familiar with personnelFamiliar with personnel
 CostCost
 InflexibilityInflexibility
 Administrative burdensAdministrative burdens
 ContractContract
 Turnover (extremely high industrywide)Turnover (extremely high industrywide)
 Divided loyaltiesDivided loyalties
 Moonlighting (may be tired and notMoonlighting (may be tired and not
alert)alert)
 ReassignmentReassignment
 Screening standards (may beScreening standards (may be
inadequate)inadequate)
 InsuranceInsurance

14. Regulation of Private SecurityRegulation of Private Security
 Regulation of private security industryRegulation of private security industry
should be performed at the state levelshould be performed at the state level
through a regulatory board and staff.through a regulatory board and staff.
 Regulation can be achieved by requiring:Regulation can be achieved by requiring:
 Licensing of contract services.Licensing of contract services.
 Registration of all persons specificallyRegistration of all persons specifically
performing private security functions.performing private security functions.

15. Regulation of Private InvestigatorsRegulation of Private Investigators
 Most states that regulate privateMost states that regulate private
investigation businesses require:investigation businesses require:
 Licensing of individuals, partnerships andLicensing of individuals, partnerships and
corporations providing private contractcorporations providing private contract
investigative services.investigative services.
 Most of these states have established aMost of these states have established a
variety of standards to obtain a license.variety of standards to obtain a license.

16. Regulation of Private InvestigatorsRegulation of Private Investigators
 Requirements for a private investigator’sRequirements for a private investigator’s
license usually include:license usually include:
 State residency.State residency.
 US citizenship.US citizenship.
 Training and/or work experience as a policeTraining and/or work experience as a police
officer or investigator.officer or investigator.
 A clean arrest record.A clean arrest record.
 The passing of a background investigation.The passing of a background investigation.
 The passing of an oral or written examination.The passing of an oral or written examination.

17. Certified Protection ProfessionalCertified Protection Professional
 Certified Protection Professionals (CPP) haveCertified Protection Professionals (CPP) have
been designated by ASIS, the American Societybeen designated by ASIS, the American Society
for Industrial Security, for meeting specificfor Industrial Security, for meeting specific
criteria of professional protection knowledge andcriteria of professional protection knowledge and
conduct.conduct.
 The CPP has met:The CPP has met:
 Specific experience and educational requirements.Specific experience and educational requirements.
 Passed a common knowledge exam and an exam inPassed a common knowledge exam and an exam in
4 specialty areas.4 specialty areas.

18. Certified Protection ProfessionalCertified Protection Professional
Exam AreasExam Areas
 Mandatory subjectsMandatory subjects
 Emergency planningEmergency planning
 InvestigationsInvestigations
 Legal aspectsLegal aspects
 Personnel securityPersonnel security
 Physical securityPhysical security
 Protection of sensitive informationProtection of sensitive information
 Security managementSecurity management
 Substance abuseSubstance abuse
 Loss preventionLoss prevention
 LiaisonLiaison
 Specialty subjectsSpecialty subjects
 Banking and financial institutionsBanking and financial institutions
 Computer securityComputer security
 Credit card securityCredit card security
 Defense industrial security programDefense industrial security program
 Educational institutions securityEducational institutions security
 Fire resources managementFire resources management
 Health care institutions securityHealth care institutions security
 Manufacturing securityManufacturing security
 Nuclear power securityNuclear power security
 Public utility securityPublic utility security
 Restaurant and lodging securityRestaurant and lodging security
 Retail securityRetail security
 Transportation and cargo securityTransportation and cargo security
 Oil and gas industrial securityOil and gas industrial security
 Telephone and telecommunicationsTelephone and telecommunications
securitysecurity

19. Summary QuestionsSummary Questions
 What is private security?What is private security?
 What are the major functions performedWhat are the major functions performed
by private security officers?by private security officers?
 What are the major types of privateWhat are the major types of private
security personnel?security personnel?
 How does proprietary and contractualHow does proprietary and contractual
private security differ?private security differ?
 How might private security services beHow might private security services be
regulated?regulated?

20. Summary QuestionsSummary Questions
 How are private investigators/detectivesHow are private investigators/detectives
regulated?regulated?
 What are the requirements for becoming aWhat are the requirements for becoming a
private investigator?private investigator?
 What is a Certified Protection ProfessionalWhat is a Certified Protection Professional
(CPP)?(CPP)?