The thyroid gland secretes three hormones and is located in the neck below the larynx. Hypothyroidism is a deficiency of thyroid hormones that causes disorders like Hashimoto's disease, thyroid nodules, cretinism, myxedema, and hypomenorrhoea. Hyperthyroidism is an overproduction of thyroid hormones and causes disorders including Graves' disease and different types of goiter. Common thyroid disorders include Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune attack on the thyroid; thyroid nodules, abnormal growths on the thyroid; and cretinism in children, causing dwarfism and mental retardation from untreated hypothyroidism in early life.

1. THYROID
DISORDERS

2. THYROID GLAND
 BILOBED
 LYING ON VENTRAL SIDE OF TRACHEA
JUST BELOW THE LARYNX
 SECRETE 3 HORMONES
1. TRIIODOTHYRONINE
2. THYROCALCITONINE
3. THYROXINE

3. HYPOTHYROIDISM
 Defficiency of thyroid hormones
 It causes many disorders
1. Hashimoto’s disease
2. Thyroid nodules
3. Cretinism
4. Myxoedema
5. hypomenorrhoea

4. Hashimoto’s disease
 Common name CHRONIC LYMPHATIC
THYROIDITIS
 Body’s immune system is mistakenly attack
thyroid gland & slowly destroy it
 Also destroy the ability to produce hormones

5. Thyroid nodules
 Growth on or in thyroid gland
 Include iodine defficiency & hashimoto;s
disease
 Some time cause cancer
 Common in women than men

6. Cretinism
 Endocrine disorder due to defective thyroid
functioning & extreme hypothyroidism in the
foetal life or early infancy
 Common in children
 2 out standing features
 Dwarfinism
Failure of skeleton to grow & mature
 Mental retardation
Due to failure of brain to develop fully
&properly

8. Myxoedma
• Common name GULL’S DISEASE
• Due to hypothyroidism & Under
activity of Pitutary & also cause by
Hashimoto’s disease & surgical
removel of thyroid

9. Hypomenorrhoea
 Also called AMMENORRHOEA
 Found in womens
 Total absence of menstration

10. HYPER THYROIDISM
 Over production of thyroid hormones
 Causes many disorders
 Graves disease
 Goitre
• Simple Goitre
• Exopthalmic Goitre
• Nodular Goitre
• Lymphadenoid Goitre
• Toxic Goitre

11. Graves disease/Basidow’s disease
 Common name Exoptalmic goitre
 Auto immune disorder
 Heridity disease
 Found in both men & womens
 Other factors stress,pregnancy,smocking

13. Goitre
 Partial or total enlargement of thyroid glands
 It is 5 types

14. 1. Simple Goitre
 Enlargement of thyroid with normal production
of hormones
 Caused by deficiency of iodine

15. 2 Nodular Goitre
 Permanent thyroid enlargement due to alternating
episodes of hyper plasia & involution in the thyroid
 Rarely it may lead to maligancy

16. 3 Lymphdeniod Goitre
 Due to production of antibodies against
antigen in the thyroid

17. 4 Toxic Goitre
Nodular out growth of the thyroid
5 Exopthalmic Goitre