Joan recently completed her certification examination and learned that her z-score was -2.5. The examining board also informed her that a failure to pass would equal all scores that were one or more standard deviations below the mean and that those with scores higher than two standard deviations above the mean would receive a special commendation award. Joan can conclude that she A. failed the exam B. needs more data to determine if she passed the exam C. passed the exam and will receive a special commendation award D. passed the exam, but no commendation award is forthcoming Solution Answer: B. needs more data to determine if she passed the exam.