Gender and the CIF: Strategic Approaches in Climate Mitigation and Adaptation

11/23/14
1
Gender,
Innova,on,
Adop,on,
Business:
Adapta,on,
Investment
Decision-‐making,
and
Agriculture
Joyce
Cacho
Principal,
Adinura
Advisory,
LLC
OUTLINE
A. Accountability
B. Investment
decision-‐making
C. Priori,zing
rural
areas
D. Women
in
markets
E. Conclusion
cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
2/25

11/23/14
2
Data
-‐
Climate
Shocks
67
Percent
of
households
that
experienced
shock
in
25
12
the
last
5
years
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
12
1
0
29
ANY
SHOCK
DROUGHT
FLOOD
ERRATIC
RAINFALL
FIRE
LANDSLIDE
HAILSTORM
3/25
Data
-‐
Coping
Strategies
18
34
50
Who
implemented
coping
strategies?
50
120
100
80
60
40
20
100
51
18
1
4
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
29
28
15
6
3
8
3
4
10
45
25
11
9
[VALUE]
77
10
0
Sold
livestock
Borrowed
from
relaXves
HH
head
migrated
to
other
rural
area
Sought
off-‐farm
employment
Ate
less
Ate
different
foods
Sold
crops
(percent)
Male
family
member
Female
family
member
Husband
and
wife
Household
4/25

11/23/14
3
Data
-‐
Percep,ons
of
Climate
Change
RAINFALL
DECREASING
RAINS
COME
LATER
MORE
HOT
DAYS
RAINS
ARE
MORE
ERRATIC
RAINS
COME
EARLIER
LONGER
PERIODS
OF
DROUGHT
MORE
FREQUENT
DROUGHT
MORE
COLD
DAYS
MORE
FREQUENT
FLOODING
LESS
FREQUENT
FLOODS
RAINFALL
INCREASING
LESS
FREQUENT
DROUGHT
MORE
FREQUENT
STORMS
7
10
9
8
12
10
13
18
17
26
42
50
63
62
LESS
FREQUENT
STORMS
Perceived
climate
changes
(percent)
5/25
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
5
24
25
19
22
6
38
20
14
14
NOT
AT
ALL
INFORMED
NOT
VERY
INFORMED
AVERAGELY
INFORMED
RELATIVELY
WELL
INFORMED
VERY
WELL
INFORMED
Household
heads
Spouses
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
How
well
informed
are
you
about
CC?
6/25

11/23/14
4
Data
–
Access
to
Informa,on
InformaXon
on
processing
and
adding
value
InformaXon
on
markeXng
InformaXon
on
tree
management
and
agroforestry
InformaXon
on
livestock
producXon
InformaXon
on
crop
producXon
InformaXon
on
climate
change
Forecast
for
the
start
of
the
rains
(seasonal
forecasts)
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
40
59
86
85
71
76
62
14
28
44
73
81
62
72
57
8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Forecast
of
extreme
events
(e.g.
drought
and
flood)
Spouses
Household
heads
7/25
Data
–
Use
of
Informa,on
Informa,on
on
processing
and
adding
value
added
Informa,on
on
marke,ng
of
crop/livestock
Informa,on
on
tree
management
and
agroforestry
Informa,on
on
livestock
produc,on
and
management
Informa,on
on
crop
produc,on
and
management
Informa,on
on
climate
change
Forecast
for
the
start
of
the
rains
(seasonal
forecasts)
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
78
90
82
90
76
80
72
56
82
93
81
92
78
91
75
65
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Forecast
of
extreme
events
(e.g.
drought
and
flood)
Spouses
Household
heads
8/25

11/23/14
5
Data
–
Reasons
for
Not
Adap,ng
(%)
Think
that
the
pracXce
might
not
work
Inputs
not
available
Resources
not
available
Don’t
see
the
need
Not
enough
labor
Not
enough
money
53
20
20
2
1
0
1
2
2
2
68
3
10
3
Don’t
know
what
to
do
Spouses
Household
heads
9/25
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
Data
–
Adapta,on
Strategies
Adopted
(%)
PLANT
TREES
IMPLEMENT
SWC
CHANGE
CROP
VARIETY
INCREASE
FERTILIZER
APPLICATIONS
CHANGE
CROP
TYPE
CHANGE
FERTILIZER
APPLICATIONS
SEEK
OFF
FARM
EMPLOYMENT
CHANGE
PLANTING
DATES
SUPPLEMENT
LIVESTOCK
FEEDS
USE
MORE
WATER
FOR
IRRIGATION
4
4
5
4
7
8
8
7
7
12
12
11
16
53
63
5
8
2
7
15
50
73
DECREASE
AMOUNT
OF
LAND
UNDER
PRODUCTION
Spouses
Household
heads
10/25
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013

11/23/14
6
Planned
Adapta,on
Strategies
(%)
IMPLEMENT
SWC
INCREASE
PLANTING
OF
TREES
PLANT
TREES
INCREASE
FERTILIZER
APPLICATIONS
USE
MORE
WATER
FOR
IRRIGATION
CHANGE
CROP
VARIETY
INCREASE
THE
NUMBER
OF
LIVESTOCK
PLANT
INDIGENOUS
CROPS
INCREASE
AMOUNT
OF
LAND
UNDER
PRODUCTION
MIX
CROP
AND
LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION
CHANGE
CROP
TYPE
SUPPLEMENT
LIVESTOCK
FEEDS
CHANGE
FERTILIZER
APPLICATIONS
CHANGE
FROM
LIVESTOCK
TO
CROP
PRODUCTION
CHANGE
PLANTING
DATES
4
4
4
6
6
10
9
8
9
17
17
15
17
28
36
35
1
5
7
7
4
5
12
12
12
15
21
15
13
15
50
39
BUILD
A
WATER
HARVESTING
SCHEME
Spouses
Household
heads
11/25
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013
Desired
Adapta,on
Strategies
(%)
USE
MORE
WATER
FOR
IRRIGATION
INCREASE
THE
NUMBER
OF
LIVESTOCK
INCREASE
AMOUNT
OF
LAND
UNDER
PRODUCTION
INCREASE
FERTILIZER
APPLICATIONS
INCREASE
PLANTING
OF
TREES
IMPLEMENT
SWC
BUILD
A
WATER
HARVESTING
SCHEME
PLANT
TREES
CHANGE
CROP
VARIETY
CHANGE
ANIMAL
BREEDS
SUPPLEMENT
LIVESTOCK
FEEDS
CHANGE
CROP
TYPE
3
3
5
4
6
8
7
9
12
12
16
22
26
6
11
2
9
2
19
0
9
11
19
17
36
11
CHANGE
FERTILIZER
APPLICATIONS
Spouses
Household
heads
12/25
Source:
IFPRI-‐AEMFI
2013

11/23/14
7
OUTLINE
A. Accountability
B. Investment
decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing
rural
areas
D. Women
in
markets
E. Conclusion
13/25
Respec,ng
what
is
inspected
• IntenXon
in
Climate
Change
responses
• Monitoring
&
EvaluaXon
• Project
planning
• Engaging
all
stakeholders
• Same
for
private
and
public
sectors
• Improved
opportunity
for
synergy
from
coordinaXon
14/25

11/23/14
8
OUTLINE
A. Accountability
B. Investment
decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing
rural
areas
D. Women
in
markets
E. Conclusion
15/25
Farmers,
Industry,
Financiers
and
Government
• Risk
management
strategies
linked
to
market
“fences”
• Seeking
a
return
on
investment
(ROI)
that
covers
current
costs
and
build
assets
to
conXnue
growing
the
business
• The
bener
and
more
Xmely
the
informaXon…
the
sharper
the
decision-‐making
16/25

11/23/14
9
OUTLINE
A. Accountability
B. Investment
decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing
rural
areas
D. Women
in
markets
E. Conclusion
17/25
Climate
Change,
Rural
areas,
Women
• Rural
areas
in
emerging
market,
fronXer,
and
developing
economies
are
dominated
by
smallholder
farmers
–
mostly
women,
with
youth
supplemenXng
labor
needs
at
planXng
and
harvesXng
Xmes
• Historically
men
in
these
regions
– are
the
first
to
migrate
to
urban
and
peri-‐urban
areas
– valued
as
income
earners
(typically
generated
from
employment
in
service
industry,
extracXve
industry,
or
large
scale
farming
of
cash
crops)
18/25

11/23/14
10
Climate
Change,
Rural
areas,
Women
• Knowledge
of
women,
smallholder
farmers
– Include
farming
pracXces
and
systems
that
have
been
handed
down
through
generaXons
that
can
be
the
cornerstone
of
Climate
Change
adaptaXon
innovaXon
– Underscores
reasoning
to
focus
on
strengthening
rural
economies
because
we
are
relying
heavily
on
this
group
of
ciXzens
to
be
stewards
of
water
systems,
soil
quality,
vegetaXon
for
carbon
sequestraXon
– Consistent
supply
source
for
increasing
food
demand
-‐-‐
globally
19/25
OUTLINE
A. Accountability
B. Investment
decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing
rural
areas
D. Women
in
markets
E. Conclusion
20/25

11/23/14
11
Inclusive
markets
and
Climate
Change
• Means
making
it
less
costly
for
informal
market
parXcipants
to
join
formal
markets
• Requires
moving
to
building
on
groups
+
finance,
such
as
Rural
Savings
and
Credit
CooperaXve
OrganizaXons
(RuSACCOs)
• Trade
facilitaXon
that
acknowledges
low
volume,
seasonal,
high
volume
border
trade
• Capacity
building
of
leadership
by
women
in
finance,
industry,
parliament,
judiciary,
head
of
state
• Focus
on
applied
sciences,
entrepreneurship
from
innovaXon
as
anchors
of
quality
educaXon
21/25
OUTLINE
A. Accountability
B. Investment
decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing
rural
areas
D. Women
in
markets
E. Conclusion
22/25

11/23/14
12
Collabora,on,
Coordina,on,
Governance
1. Pressing
levers
simultaneously,
in
several
markets
–
local
knowledge,
innovaXon,
credit,
weather
and
extension
services
informaXon,
trade
–
targeXng
women,
is
pivotal
to
transformaXve,
adaptaXve
responses
to
Climate
Change.
2. Data
collecXon
–
disaggregated
by
gender,
supporXng
invesXng
that
strengthens
rural
economies
is
a
criXcal
step
in
addressing
gender
in
Climate
Change
invesXng.
23/25
Collabora,on,
Coordina,on,
Governance
3. PrioriXzing
Integrated
ReporXng
(combined
financial
and
sustainability
reporXng)
is
an
essenXal
building
block
in
going
beyond
the
quanXty
of
investment….to
valuing
how
investments
support
dampening
the
impact
of
Climate
Change
by
rewarding
a
longer-‐term
focus
and
valuing
communiXes.
24/25

11/23/14
13
Joyce
Cacho
|
Principal,
Adinura
Advisory,
LLC
joyce@joycecacho.com
on
jaaraama
merci
Jai-‐rruh-‐jef
Thank you!
kea
leboga
Okuhepa
አመሰግናለሁ
o
ṣeun
ngiyabonga
asante
obrigado
شكرا
na
gode
¡gracias!
na-‐ekele
unu
Natotela
mahadsanid
Zikomo
dankie
oh-‐yeh-‐rah-‐don
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leboha
tangi
eio
Murakoze
Enkosi
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Рахмет!

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Gender and the CIF: Strategic Approaches in Climate Mitigation and Adaptation