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1. Classification of Dental
Materials
Dr. Heba Mohammed

2. Science of Dental Materials
The science of dental materials involves a
study of the composition and properties of
materials and the way in which they interact
with the oral environment.

3. Science of dental materials is a basic science
which deals with physical , mechanical and
biological properties of dental materials.

4. The study of science of dental materials gives the operator a
basic knowledge about the materials , this help to choose a
material and allow him / her to effectively manipulate it.
The success or failure of a treatment depends on the
selection of materials with adequate properties and their
manipulation.

5. SELECTION OF DENTAL
MATERIALS
*The process of dental materials selection involves :
 (1) analysis of the problem
 (2) consideration of requirements
 (3) comparison of available materials and their properties
 (4) choice of material

6. General classification of all
materials
*All materials can be classified into four classes :
1. Metals
2. Ceramics
3. Polymers
4. Composites

7. Metals
 Pure metals are rarely used for dental applications.
 commercially pure titanium can be used to make dental implants, inlays,
onlays, crowns, and bridges.
 Pure gold in a foil form can be used to make dental restorations (“fillings”)
directly on teeth.
 Metals and alloys can also be used to construct orthodontic appliances,
partial denture frameworks and clasp arms.
 Auxiliary products such as matrix bands, burs, cutting blades, endodontic
files ...

8. Ceramics
Ceramics can be used to produce :

Inlays, onlays, crowns, and multiple-unit fixed dental
prostheses.

9. Polymers
Polymers used in today’s dentistry, commonly known as
“dental resins”.
 Are used in all specialties of the profession, whether
restorative, prosthodontics, or surgical.
Acrylic resin , composite resin.

10. Composites
Composite materials may be defined as those materials that
consist of two or more fundamentally different components
that are able to act synergistically to give properties superior
to those provided by either component alone.

11. Classifications of dental materials
Dental materials may be classified as:
preventive materials,
restorative materials,
 or auxiliary materials.

12. Classification of dental materials
 1. Preventive materials :
include pit and fissure sealants and other
materials used to prevent the onset of dental
diseases such as using fluoride in control of
dental caries.

13. 2. Restorative materials include materials used to repair or
replace tooth structure.
This includes materials like amalgam, composites, ceramics,
cast metal structures and denture materials.

15.  3. Auxiliary materials are substances that aid in the fabrication
process but do not actually become part of the restoration,
appliance or prosthesis. This includes materials like gypsum
products, impression materials, casting investments, waxes,
etching gels, custom tray materials, etc.

16.  Despite recent improvements in the physical properties of these materials, none
of them is permanent.
 In the 21st century, dentists and materials scientists will continue to search for
the ideal restorative material.
Such a material would be :
(1) biocompatible.
(2) bond permanently to tooth structure or bone.
(3) match the natural appearance of tooth structure and other visible tissues.
(4) exhibit properties similar to those of tooth enamel, dentin, and other tissues.
(5) be capable of initiating tissue repair or the regeneration of missing or damaged
tissues.

17. Conclusion
 Materials used for dentistry are highly specialized. Each one
is designed with a specific set of properties depending on
what it is intended for.
 For example, materials used as tooth restorations should be
able to withstand occlusal forces as well as bond to tooth
structure.
 Impression materials should be highly accurate and stable in
order to duplicate the original structure.

18. Thank You