2- We are going to be discussing the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems a lot in the second half of the course, since they innervate the smooth and cardiac muscle and glands found in the organs of the remaining body systems. List some specific effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems on the following: the eye, the stomach and intestines, the heart, and the kidneys. 3) Equilibrium signals from the vestibule and the semicircular canals give an intrinsic idea of our head's position and motion. However, what other signals contribute to our concept of where we are in space? What might happen if there are conflicting signals from these different sources?.