Hello @world #cassandra

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My talk from http://wdcnz.com 2012. I took a brief look at Cassandra and then stepped through building a twitter clone. Very rough code is at https://github.com/amorton/wdcnz-2012-site

Technology Business

HELLO @WORLD #CASSANDRA
APACHE CASSANDRA IN ACTION

WDCNZ 2012
Aaron Morton, Apache Cassandra Committer
@aaronmorton
www.thelastpickle.com

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License

The Code is at...
github.com/amorton/wdcnz-2012-site

Cassandra?

Top Level Apache
project since 2010.

Used by...

Netﬂix, Twitter,
Reddit, Rackspace...

Commercial support by...

Data Stax, Acunu,
PalominoDB,
Impetus...

Store ‘foo’ key with Replication Factor 3.
Node 1 - 'foo'

Node 4 Node 2 - 'foo'

Node 3 - 'foo'

Consistent Hashing...

Evenly map keys to
nodes.

Consistent Hashing...

Minimise key
movements when nodes
join or leave.

Partitioner...
RandomPartitioner
transforms Keys to Tokens
using MD5.
(Default Partitioner, there are others.)

Keys and Tokens?
key 'fop' 'foo'

token 0 10 90 99

Token Ring.
99 0
'foo' 'fop'
token: 90 token: 10

Token Ranges.
Node 1
token: 0

76-0 1-25

Node 4 Node 2
token: 75 token: 25

Node 3
token: 50

Locate Token Range.
Node 1
token: 0

'foo'
token: 90

Node 4 Node 2
token: 75 token: 25

Node 3
token: 50

Replication Strategy selects
Replication Factor number of
nodes for a row.

SimpleStrategy with RF 3.
Node 1
token: 0

'foo'
token: 90

Node 4 Node 2
token: 75 token: 25

Node 3
token: 50

Clients connect to
any node in the
cluster.

The Client and the Coordinator.
Node 1
token: 0

'foo'
token: 90

Node 4 Node 2
token: 75 token: 25

Node 3
Client
token: 50

Consistency Level...

Any*, One, Two,
Three,

Consistency Level...
QUORUM,
LOCAL_QUORUM,
EACH_QUOURM*

QUOURM at Replication Factor...
Replication
2 or 3 4 or 5 6 or 7
Factor

QUOURM 2 3 4

Node Down.
Node 1
token: 0

'foo'
token: 90

Node 4 Node 2
token: 75 token: 25

Node 3
Client
token: 50

Write ‘foo’ at QUOURM with Hinted Handoff.
Node 1
'foo'

'foo'
token: 90

Node 4 Node 2
'foo' for #3 'foo'

Node 3
Client

Read ‘foo’ at QUOURM.
Node 1
'foo'

'foo'
token: 90

Node 4 Node 2
'foo'

Node 3
Client

Column Timestamps
used to resolve
differences.

Consistent read for ‘foo’ at QUOURM.
Node 1 Node 1

cromulent

cromulent
Node 4 Node 2 Node 4 Node 2

embiggins cromulent
cromulent

Client Client
Node 3 Node 3

R +W > N
(#Read Nodes + #Write Nodes > Replication Factor)

Data Model so far.

Row Key: Column Column Column

(Incomplete.)

Data Model.
Keyspace

Column Family Column Family Column Family
Column Column Column
Row Key: Column Column Column
Column Column Column

(Excludes Super Columns.)

Data Model...
Keyspace

Column Family
Column: name, value, timestamp
Row Key: Column: name, value, timestamp
Column: name, value, timestamp

(Also TTL and Tombstone Columns.)

Tweet Storage...
CF / User User User Global
User Tweet
Row Key Tweets Timeline Metrics Timeline

user_name ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

tweet_id ✓

Followers Storage...
CF / Ordered
Relationships TweetDelivery
Row Key Relationships

(user_name,
rel_type) ✓ ✓

tweet_id ✓

Data Driven
Wellington
(It’s a meet-up on MeetUp.Com)

Aaron Morton
@aaronmorton
www.thelastpickle.com

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License

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Hello @world #cassandra

1. HELLO @WORLD #CASSANDRA APACHE CASSANDRA IN ACTION WDCNZ 2012 Aaron Morton, Apache Cassandra Committer @aaronmorton www.thelastpickle.com Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License

2. The Code is at... github.com/amorton/wdcnz-2012-site

3. Cassandra?

4. Cassandra? Started at Facebook.

5. Cassandra? Top Level Apache project since 2010.

6. Used by... Netﬂix, Twitter, Reddit, Rackspace...

7. Commercial support by... Data Stax, Acunu, PalominoDB, Impetus...

8. Why Cassandra? Scale

9. Why Cassandra? Operations

10. Why Cassandra? Data Model

11. Cluster

12. Store ‘foo’ key with Replication Factor 3. Node 1 - 'foo' Node 4 Node 2 - 'foo' Node 3 - 'foo'

13. Consistent Hashing... Evenly map keys to nodes.

14. Consistent Hashing... Minimise key movements when nodes join or leave.

15. Partitioner... RandomPartitioner transforms Keys to Tokens using MD5. (Default Partitioner, there are others.)

16. Keys and Tokens? key 'fop' 'foo' token 0 10 90 99

17. Token Ring. 99 0 'foo' 'fop' token: 90 token: 10

18. Token Ranges. Node 1 token: 0 76-0 1-25 Node 4 Node 2 token: 75 token: 25 Node 3 token: 50

19. Locate Token Range. Node 1 token: 0 'foo' token: 90 Node 4 Node 2 token: 75 token: 25 Node 3 token: 50

20. Replication Strategy selects Replication Factor number of nodes for a row.

21. SimpleStrategy with RF 3. Node 1 token: 0 'foo' token: 90 Node 4 Node 2 token: 75 token: 25 Node 3 token: 50

22. Clients connect to any node in the cluster.

23. The Client and the Coordinator. Node 1 token: 0 'foo' token: 90 Node 4 Node 2 token: 75 token: 25 Node 3 Client token: 50

24. Client speciﬁed Consistency Level.

25. Consistency Level... Any*, One, Two, Three,

26. Consistency Level... QUORUM, LOCAL_QUORUM, EACH_QUOURM*

27. QUOURM at Replication Factor... Replication 2 or 3 4 or 5 6 or 7 Factor QUOURM 2 3 4

28. Node Down. Node 1 token: 0 'foo' token: 90 Node 4 Node 2 token: 75 token: 25 Node 3 Client token: 50

29. Write ‘foo’ at QUOURM with Hinted Handoff. Node 1 'foo' 'foo' token: 90 Node 4 Node 2 'foo' for #3 'foo' Node 3 Client

30. Read ‘foo’ at QUOURM. Node 1 'foo' 'foo' token: 90 Node 4 Node 2 'foo' Node 3 Client

31. Consistency Level nodes must agree.

32. Column Timestamps used to resolve differences.

33. Consistent read for ‘foo’ at QUOURM. Node 1 Node 1 cromulent cromulent Node 4 Node 2 Node 4 Node 2 embiggins cromulent cromulent Client Client Node 3 Node 3

34. R +W > N (#Read Nodes + #Write Nodes > Replication Factor)

35. Data Model

36. Data Model so far. Row Key: Column Column Column (Incomplete.)

37. Data Model. Keyspace Column Family Column Family Column Family Column Column Column Row Key: Column Column Column Column Column Column (Excludes Super Columns.)

38. Data Model... Keyspace Column Family Column: name, value, timestamp Row Key: Column: name, value, timestamp Column: name, value, timestamp (Also TTL and Tombstone Columns.)

39. Code

40. Tweet Storage... CF / User User User Global User Tweet Row Key Tweets Timeline Metrics Timeline user_name ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ tweet_id ✓

41. Followers Storage... CF / Ordered Relationships TweetDelivery Row Key Relationships (user_name, rel_type) ✓ ✓ tweet_id ✓

42. Data Driven Wellington (It’s a meet-up on MeetUp.Com)

43. Aaron Morton @aaronmorton www.thelastpickle.com Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 New Zealand License

Hello @world #cassandra

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