This was initially made by me for my class assignment, helps me with my revision. I hope this helps you guys as well. Also, the references were taken from carranza 12th edition and jaypee.

1. NON-PLAQUE
INDUCED GINGIVAL
DISEASES
NAME: ZARMEENA FAROOQ
ROLL NO: B-419
SUBJECT: PERIODONTOLOGY

2. CLASSIFICATION
1-Gingival diseases of specific bacterial origin:
-streptococci sp
-Treponema pallidum
-Neisseria gonorrhoeae
2-Gingival diseases of viral origin:
a) Herpes virus infections
-Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
-Recurrent oral herpes
-varicella-zoster

3. b) Others
3-Gingival diseases of fungal origin:
-Candida associated—Generalized gingival candidiasis
-Linear gingival erythema
-Histoplasmosis
4-Gingival diseases of genetic origin:
-Heriditery gingival fibromatosis
-Others
5-Gingival manifestations of systemic conditions: a) Mucocutabeous lesions:
-lichen planus
-Lupus
-pemphigous
-pemphigoid
-Erythema multiforme

4. -Drug induced
-others
b)Allergic reaactions:
1-DENTAL RESTORATIVE MATERIALS: 2)REACTIONS ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
-mercury -Toothpastes
-acrylic -Mouthrinses
-nickel -Chewing gum additives
-others -Food and additives
6)Traumatic lesions: (Factitious, iatrogenic, accidental)—Chemical,thermal,physical.
7) Foreign body reactions
8)Not otherwise specified

5. GINGIVAL DISEASES OF SPECIFIC
BACTERIAL ORIGIN
Streptococcal gingivitis or gingivostomatitis is a rare condition that may
present as an acute condition which is associated with red,swollen gingiva,
increased bleeding ,occasional gingival abscess formation, fever, malaise and
pain.

6. GINGIVAL DISEASES OF VIRAL ORIGIN
The most common being the herpes viruses- Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Clinically
they present as multiple tiny vesicles that progress to form painful ulcers. Painful
erythematous swollen gingiva. Fever,malaise, cervical lymphadenopathy.
1)PRIMARY HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS:
-Caused by herpes simplex virus type1
-Age: children younger that 6 yrs but it may also be seen in adults and teenagers.
-Primary infection is asymptomatic.
-Duration of course: 10-14 days

7. -CLINICAL FEATURES:
INCLUDE: vesicles on the tongue and hard palate, gingival erythema and edema, fever, malaise and
cervical lymphadenopathy.
2) HERPES LABIALIS(COLD SORES):
-Is the milder and recurrent form of PHGS
-Develops due to reactivation of HSV1
-PREDISPOSING FACTORS:

8. -Stress.
-Sunlight.
-Fever.
-Trauma.
-Immunosupression.
-LIP LESIONS:
-Burning sensation, erythema at the site of attack, vesicle formation at the mucocutaneous
junction of lip and extending into the skin, vesicle rupture, crust formation after 2-3 days.

9. 3)Varicella zoster:
-Virus that causes chicken pox and shingles
-chickenpox is characterized by mouth ulcers, rash/ itchiness of skin, fever,malaise and
lymphadenopathy
-While shingles is the more severe form
-Caused by the reactivation of VSZ virus in the dorsal root ganglion.
-Shingles is characterized by blistering, tingling sensation and pain.

10. GINGIVAL DISEASES OF FUNGAL
ORIGIN
Predesposing factors for fungal infections:
-Under prosthetic devices
-In individuals using topical steroids
-In individuals with decreased salivary flow
-Increased salivary glucose
-Decreased salivary PH
1)Candidiasis:
Also known as thrush, is an infection on the mucous membrane of the mouth due to candidia
species especially candida albicans.
2)Linear gingival erythema:

11. -Persistent, linear, easily bleeding, erythematous gingiva.
-May be localized or generalized.
-Erythematous gingiva may be limited to marginal gingiva, may extend to attached gingiva,
alveolar mucosa or maybe diffused.
3)Histoplasmosis:
Oral histoplasmosis lesions normally occur as granular ulcerations, multiple painful ulcers and
verrucous growths, deep ulcers surrounded by infiltrative edges with erythematous or white
areas with irregular surfaces, as hardened and irregular nodular lesions accompanied by local
lymphadenopathy.

12. GINGIVAL DISEASES OF GENETIC ORIGIN
HERIDITARY GINGIVAL FIBROMATOSIS:
-Rare type of gingivitis that has been referred to as elephantiasis gingivae or
heriditary hyperplasia of the gums.
-Has an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance
-It is characterized by a slow, progressive enlargement of the gingiva.

13. GINGIVAL MANIFESTATIONS OF
SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS
 LICHEN PLANUS:
-Inflammatory mucocutaneous condition
-Presence of bilateral white lesions in the oral cavity
-caused by stress, medications, hep-c infection etc
-Pruritic and purple lesions on the skin mainly on wrists

14.  LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS:
-Autoimmune disease.
-Involves skin,oral cavity and multiple organ systems.
-Oral cavity lesions resemble desquamative gingivitis.
-Involves kidney/ heart faliure.
-Charecterized by a butterfly rash on skin.

15.  PEMPHIGOUS AND PEMPHIGOID:
PEMPHIGOUS VULGARIS BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
Intraepithelial bulla formation Subepithelial bulla formation
Nikolskys sign is positive negative
Antibody formation against
desmosomes
Against hemidesmosomes
Blisters rupture easily Blisters are firm
Acantholysis No acantholysis
Affects middle aged people Affects elderly people

16. BULLOUS
PEMPHIGOID
PEMPHIGOUS
VULGARIS

17.  ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME:
-It is an inflammatory disease. (meds, sulphonamides, HSV, M.pneumonia)
-Characterized by iris or target lesions on skin.
-Crusting hemorrhages on lips.
EM MINOR EM MAJOR STEVEN JOHNSON
SYNDROME
Involves skin, mild or no
involvement of the mucous
membrane.
Involves skin( moderate or
severe involvement) and
mucous membrane.(2
surfaces)
Involves mucous membrane
( more than 2 surfaces) and
skin(severe involvement)
• RASH DISTRIBUTION:
Acrofacial.
Acrofacial. Face, neck and trunk.
• CLINICAL FEATURES:
Small target/ iris lesions
mainly on the
extremeties.
-Large circular target lesion
covering a larger area of
skin.
-Circles may run into
eachother.
-Blisters in eye(
photophobia)
-Blisters in the oral
cavity(drooling)
-Blisters in the genital area.

19. TRAUMATIC LESIONS
 Physical:
-Mlocclusion
-Removable partial dentures/ retainers
-Oral piercings
-Improper flossing
-Tooth brush trauma

20.  Chemical injury:
Due to aspirin burns.
 Thermal injuries:
The most common cause of thermal injury to the oral region is hot foods,liquids such as coffe,
pizza or soup.

21.  Factitial Injury:
As in the case of tooth brush trauma, nail biting, bruxism, cheek/ lip biting resulting in gingival
ulceration and recession.
 Iatrogenic Injury:
As in the case of preventive or restorative care that may lead to traumatic injury of the gingiva
for e.g in the case of dental extractions.
 Accidental: As in the case of damage to the gingiva through minor burns from hot food and
drinks.

22. FOREIGN BODY REACTIONS
Foreign body reactions lead to localized inflammatory conditions of the
gingiva and are caused by the introduction of foreign material into the
gingival connective tissues through breaks in the epithelium.
-Common examples are the introduction of amalgam into the gingiva during
the placement of restoration , extraction of a tooth leaving an amalgam
tattoo, or introduction of abrasives during polishing procedures.