Free Current Affairs Magazine June 2022 English

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Index
General Studies Paper –I
1. Indian Heritage and Culture .................................................................................7
1.1 Renowned philosopher Basaveshwara: Basava Jayanti 2022 ................................................................... 7
1.2 Hati Community: Himachal Pradesh.......................................................................................................... 7
1.3 National Monument Tag for 1,000-year-old lake in Mehrauli, Delhi......................................................... 7
1.4 Rakhigarhi Harappan site: Jewellery making unit, structured houses, kitchen complex, drainage.......... 8
1.5 Bhojshala Dispute...................................................................................................................................... 8
1.6 Kanheri Caves, Mumbai............................................................................................................................. 9
1.7 International Museum Day 2022............................................................................................................... 9
1.8 Devasahayam Pillai: An anti-caste crusader.............................................................................................. 9
1.9 Row over Puri Heritage Corridor Project in Odisha................................................................................... 9
1.10 Ram Mohan Roy’s 250th
Birth Anniversary ...........................................................................................10
1.11 Reconstitution of Central Advisory Board on Archaeology by Govt. ....................................................10
1.12 Sangeet Kalanidhi Award announced by Sangeet Akademi..................................................................11
1.13 Shirui Lily Festival of Manipur ...............................................................................................................11
2. Indian Society & Social Issues ...........................................................................12
2.1 Minority status for Hindus too? ..............................................................................................................12
2.2 Apex Court Recognizes Sex work as a Profession....................................................................................12
3. Geography................................................................................................................13
3.2 Cyclone Asani : Year's first cyclone over Bay of Bengal...........................................................................13
3.1 'La-Nina phenomenon': Reason for the Increase in Heat-wave in India.................................................13
3.3 Amalthea .................................................................................................................................................14
General Studies Paper-II
4. Indian Polity & Governance ...............................................................................15
4.1 India stays out of Global Declaration on Future on Internet ..................................................................15
4.2 Jammu and Kashmir Delimitation Commission.......................................................................................15
4.3 World Press Freedom Index, 2022 ..........................................................................................................16
4.4 Appointment of judges in the Supreme Court ........................................................................................16
4.5 Sedition law needs to be reconsidered...................................................................................................17
4.6 Stay Proceedings before High Courts in Matters Challenging IT Rules: SC .............................................17
4.7 Seeking Exemption of ‘Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005’ ..................................................................18
4.8 Celebrities should do due assiduity regarding claims in crypto ads: ASCI ..............................................18

4.9 Cops’ “Intent to Cause Death”: Apex Court Report on 2019 Hyderabad Encounter ..............................19
4.10 Centre reconstitutes Inter-State Council (ISC).......................................................................................19
5. Social Justice............................................................................................................20
5.1 Status of Marital Rape in India ................................................................................................................20
5.2 Policies to End Discrimination against LGBTIQ+ Workers in ILO's Learning Guide .................................20
5.3 Recognition of Community Forest Resource (CER) rights of tribals........................................................21
6. International Relations .......................................................................................22
6.1 Transnistria..............................................................................................................................................22
6.2 India-UAE CEPA Agreement.....................................................................................................................22
6.3 International Dark Sky Week...................................................................................................................22
6.4 India and Denmark Green Strategic Partnership (GSP)...........................................................................23
6.5 India-Germany 'Green Deal' Agreement.................................................................................................23
6.6 Indian Navy’s P-75I submarine project that France has pulled out of.....................................................24
6.6 World Food Prize .....................................................................................................................................24
6.7 India will not be join WTO's the Plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA)..............25
6.8 Germany Withdraws Case against Italy over Nazi Compensation Claims in UN.....................................25
6.9 US proposes pick-and-choose Indo-Pacific economic framework ..........................................................26
6.10 Finland and Sweden confirm intention to join NATO............................................................................26
6.11 Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure: RATS ................................................................................................26
6.12 Macolin Convention: Global experts examine the changing face of match-fixing................................27
6.13 PM's visit to Lumbini, Nepal ..................................................................................................................27
6.14 World Forestry Congress (WFC) adopts Seoul Forest Declaration........................................................27
6.15 India Bans Wheat Exports......................................................................................................................28
6.16 International Science Council: ISC .........................................................................................................29
6.17 The Tibet-China Conflict ........................................................................................................................29
6.18 New Development Bank of BRICS in GIFT City ......................................................................................29
6.19 Indo-Pacific Economic Framework ........................................................................................................30
6.20 China's Ethnic Minority Group: Uyghurs ...............................................................................................30
6.21 India and US sign Investment Incentive Agreement .............................................................................31
6.22 4th Quad Summit- 2022: Tokyo, Japan .................................................................................................31
6.23 Indian CEO’s Alliance for ‘Panchamrit’ pledge for Net Zero carbon emission ......................................31
6.24 North Atlantic Treaty Organization -NATO............................................................................................32
General Studies Paper-III
7. Economic Development.......................................................................................33
7.1 National Conclave on Wild and Forest Honey: TRIFED............................................................................33

7.2 Global Unicorn Summit- Shaping 1,000 Unicorns by 2030.......................................................................33
7.3 Ignoring Public Stock Holdings (PSH) and MSP by WTO..........................................................................34
7.4 The Report on Currency and Finance (RCF) for the year 2021-22: RBI ...................................................35
7.5 Government Set to Pilot Phase of Open E-commerce Network .............................................................35
7.6 Swachh Bharat Mission- Urban 2.0 (SBM-U 2.0) ......................................................................................36
7.7 Kwar Hydroelectric Project......................................................................................................................36
7.8 Second phase of mandatory Gold Hallmarking: Ministry of Consumer Affairs ......................................36
7.9 Country's first Greenfield grain-based ethanol plant: Purnia, Bihar.......................................................37
7.10 Govt. may subsume sin goods cess into GST.........................................................................................37
7.11 Government releases India's civil registration system report for 2020.................................................37
7.12 Global Report on Food Crises (GRFC 2021)............................................................................................38
7.13 India's Digital Public Infrastructure Appreciated by Global Banking Body............................................39
7.14 Sex Ratio at Birth in India ......................................................................................................................39
7.15 UN Organizations launch plan to Catalyse Action by 2025....................................................................39
7.16 Rupee Depreciation: Hits all-time low...................................................................................................40
7.17 Atal Pension Yojana (APY) .....................................................................................................................40
7.18 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)......................................................................................................41
7.19 Amendment in Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) Rules ................41
7.20 Pradhan Mantri Wi-Fi Access Network Interface (PM-WANI) Scheme.................................................42
7.21 SEBI forms advisory panel on ESG-related matters...............................................................................42
7.22 Mission Amrit Sarovar ...........................................................................................................................43
7.23 PM Suggests For Strengthening And Reforming WHO..........................................................................43
7.24 The India hypertension control initiative ..............................................................................................44
7.25 Ujh Multipurpose Project: Jammu.........................................................................................................44
7.26 'Gati Shakti Sanchar Portal' launched by DoT for the right of centralized routing ...............................44
7.27 Circular Economy in Municipal Solid and Liquid Waste Report ............................................................45
7.28 GST Council’s recommendations are not binding on either the Centre or the states: SC ....................45
7.29 4th meeting of National Startup Advisory Council (NSAC)....................................................................46
7.30 World Bee Day.......................................................................................................................................46
7.31 Scientific Social Responsibility (SSR) Guidelines 2022............................................................................47
7.32 “Monitor on World of Work Report” released by International Labor Organization ..........................47
7.33 Government Unveils Measures to Tackle Inflation...............................................................................48
7.34 iRASTE: AI-based to make roads in India safer to drive ........................................................................48
7.35 Ethanol blending in petrol to be increased to 20% by 2025 .................................................................49
7.36 The National Achievement Survey (NAS) report for the 2021 ..............................................................50

7.37 GOI flagged low score in World Bank's governance Indicators.............................................................50
7.38 The State of Inequality in India Report released...................................................................................51
7.39 Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Annual Report 2021-22 ..............................................................................52
7.40 Revised Draft National Data Governance Framework Policy (NDGFP) by Govt....................................52
8. Science and Technology ......................................................................................53
8.1 NASA's New Communications System: LCRD..........................................................................................53
8.2 GAGAN Successfully Flight Tested: AAI....................................................................................................53
8.3 Hepatitis B ...............................................................................................................................................54
8.4 Shigella bacteria cause fatal food poisoning in Kerala ............................................................................54
8.5 'Radio Frequency Identification' (RFID) tag.............................................................................................54
8.6 Report flags risk of fortified rice..............................................................................................................55
8.7 Endosulfan Pesticide Case .......................................................................................................................55
8.8 Norms eased for genetically modified crop research: Department of Biotechnology ...........................55
9. Internal Security....................................................................................................56
9.1 New Cyber Security Guidelines ...............................................................................................................56
9.2 CERT-In New Directions on Reporting Cyber Incidents...........................................................................57
9.3 Consultations on creation of Integrated Battle Groups (IBG) .................................................................57
9.4 INS Surat and INS Udayagiri.....................................................................................................................57
10. Environment & Ecology and Disaster Management................................58
10.1 Mother Nature as a Living Being with all corresponding rights, duties and liabilities..........................58
10.2 The State of the World's Forests 2022...................................................................................................58
10.3 The International Conference on Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (ICDRI) ..........................................59
10.4 "Do not allow construction near high flood level"- NDMA...................................................................59
10.5 UNCCD 15th session of the Conference of the Parties..........................................................................60
10.6 Drought in Numbers, 2022 Report: UNCCD ..........................................................................................60
10.7 The 2022 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI ...........................................................................................61
10.8 Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India (ADSI) Report.............................................................................61
10.9 Ramgarh Vishdhari Tiger Reserve..........................................................................................................62
10.10 World Meteorological Day 2022 .........................................................................................................62
10.11 E-waste Recycling Framework.............................................................................................................63
10.12 The 15th Conference of the UNCCD concluded..................................................................................63
10.13 Global Climate Status Report-2021 released by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) ..........64
10.14 Money spider, ant-mimicking spider at Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary................................................64
10.15 Unconventional Water Resources: UN................................................................................................65

June Magazine – 2022
General Studies Paper –I
1. Indian Heritage and Culture
1.1 Renowned philosopher Basaveshwara: Basava Jayanti 2022
Recently, the birth anniversary of the 12th century poet-philosopher and the founder of Lingayat
religion, Saint Lord Basavanna was celebrated.
Basavanna: Thoughts and Contribution
 Basavanna, a twelfth-century philosopher, politician, Kannada poet and social reformer, was a
contemporary of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka.
 Basavanna's poems are called 'Vachanaas', through which he spread awareness in the society.
 Basavanna denounced gender or social discrimination, superstitions and customs. He started
new public institutions such as the Anubhav Mantapa (or, the Spiritual Anubhav Bhavan).
 He as a leader led a new Bhakti movement called 'Virashaivas' (devout worshipers of Lord
Shiva). The movement has its roots in the Tamil Bhakti movement, especially the Shaiva
Nayanar traditions, which were prevalent during the seventh to the eleventh centuries.
 Basava denounced worship and rituals in temples led by Brahmins, emphasizing devotional
worship, and instead preaching direct worship of Shiva by personally holding small lingams
symbolically.
 The 'Sharan Movement' led by Basavanna attracted people of all castes, and like most branches
of the Bhakti movement, composed literature in the form of 'Vachan', in which the spiritual
world of the saints of the Veerashaiva sect description is available.
 Basavanna's 'Sharan Movement' was a very radical reform movement according to the times.
Source – The Hindu
1.2 Hati Community: Himachal Pradesh
The Hati community resides in the Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. The people of this community
have been demanding to include themselves in the Scheduled Tribes (ST) list since 1967. In the year
1967, the Hati community of Jaunsar Bawar in Uttarakhand was included in the 'Scheduled Tribe' list.
 In both the states this community is divided by the Giri and Tons rivers. But their traditions are
similar. It is normal for them to have an endogamous relationship.
 Hati is a close-knit community. They got this name because of their special tradition of selling
home grown vegetables, crops, meat and wool etc. in small markets called "Haats" in towns.
1.3 National Monument Tag for 1,000-year-old lake in Mehrauli, Delhi
Recently, a 1,000-year-old lake located in Mehrauli, Delhi has been directed to be declared a national
monument.
 It is believed that Anang Tal Lake, located in the South District of Delhi, can be declared a
National Monument. This lake was built by Tomar King Anangpal II.
 Anang Tal is located north-west of the Qutb complex, north of Jog Maya Temple. It was
constructed in 1,060 AD.
 According to historical documents, Alauddin Khilji used the water of this lake for the
construction of Alai Minar and expansion of Qutb-ul-Islam Mosque.
Anangpal II:
 He was famous as Anangpal Tomar. He was of Tomar dynasty.
 He ruled parts of present-day Delhi and Haryana between the 8th and 12th centuries.
 He was instrumental in settling Indraprastha and giving it its present name Delhi.
 He made Dilikapuri (Delhi) the capital of the Tomar dynasty.
 The capital of the Tomar dynasty was Anangpur (near Faridabad) during the reign of Anangpal I
(founder of the Tomar dynasty).
 Lal Kot and Anang Tal were built by Anangpal II.

 Prithviraj Chauhan was his successor. Anang Pal is known as the maternal grandfather of
Prithviraj Chavan. Prithviraj Chauhan was defeated by the army of Muhammad Ghori in the
battle of Tarain.
National Monument Tag
National monuments are such ancient monuments and all archaeological sites and antiquities which
have been declared as of national importance by:
 Under sections 3 and 4 of The Ancient and Historical Monuments and Archaeological. Sites and
Remains (Declaration of National Importance) Act, 1951;
 under section 126 of the States Reorganization Act, 1956; either
 Through notification in the Official Gazette by the Central Government.
1.4 Rakhigarhi Harappan site: Jewellery making unit, structured houses, kitchen
complex, drainage
Recent excavations at Rakhigarhi (Haryana) have yielded evidence of drainage system, copper and gold
ornaments.
Rakhigarhi was first excavated in the year 1998-2001. This site is situated on the right bank of the dried
up ancient route of the river Drishadvati. Seven mounds have been obtained from here.
Main antiquities found from Rakhigarhi-
 A noble settlement has been obtained. In addition, pieces of copper and gold ornaments,
terracotta toys, thousands of pottery, seals, etc. have been found.
 Skeletons of two women have been found, which are believed to be about 5,000 years old. These
skeletons will be sent for DNA testing.
About Rakhigarhi
 It is one of the five largest known Harappan cities.
 The excavation of this site was done under the direction of Amarendra Nath of the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
 Evidence of the developed phase of Harappa has been received from here. These evidences
include houses made of raw clay bricks as well as cooked bricks, planned cities, proper drainage
systems, etc.
 Evidence of a ceramic pot making industry has been found. Red pottery has also been found
from here. Pools made of mud bricks for animal sacrifice have also been found. Apart from
these, triangular and circular fire altars have also been found.
 A cylindrical seal has been obtained. It has five Harappan characters on one side and an alligator
symbol on the other.
 Apart from this some evidence of cremation has also been found, which certainly belongs to a
much later stage. They can be of medieval period.
 A plan to develop five iconic archaeological sites with museums was announced in Budget 2020.
The excavation at Rakhigarhi in Hisar is a part of this plan.
1.5 Bhojshala Dispute
Madhya Pradesh High Court has issued notice to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Central and
State Governments. These notices have been sent on a petition related to the dispute regarding the
memorial of Bhojshala in Dhar district.
Bhojshala-
 This 11th century monument is protected by ASI.
 Raja Bhoj (1000-1055 AD) of the Parmar dynasty had established a college in Dhar. Later it
became famous as 'Bhojshala'.
 The remains of this Bhojshala or the temple of Saraswati are visible in the famous Kamal
Maulana Masjid. It was converted into a mosque by the Muslim nobles of Dhara.

1.6 Kanheri Caves, Mumbai
Recently the Ministry of Tourism has inaugurated public facilities at Kanheri Caves.
 The Kanheri caves were built by Buddhist monks between the 2nd and 9th centuries AD. It is a
group of rock-cut monuments. It is located within the forests of Sanjay Gandhi National Park in
Borivali, Mumbai.
 Kanheri is derived from the Sanskrit word 'Krishnagiri'. It literally means 'Black Mountain'.
 In these, artistic evidence of the three branches of Buddhism, Hinayana, Mahayana and
Vajrayana is available. They developed under the patronage of the Satavahana, Trikutak,
Vakataka and Shilahara dynasties.
 The earliest reference to Kanheri is by Fahien.
1.7 International Museum Day 2022
International Museum Day is celebrated every year on 18 May.
The theme for International Museum Day-2022 is: The Power of Museums
This day was established by the International Council of Museums (ICOM) in 1977.
 ICOM is a membership association and a non-governmental organization that establishes
professional and ethical standards for museum activities.
 It is the only global organization in the field of 'Museums'. It was established in the year 1946
and is headquartered in Paris, France.
 ICOM acts as a network of museum professionals (more than 40,000 members in more than 138
countries).
 Article 49 of the Constitution of India to protect monuments, places and objects of artistic or
historical interest declared to be of national importance.
1.8 Devasahayam Pillai: An anti-caste crusader
Recently Devasahayam Pillai (Blessed Las Lajas) canonized as a saint by the Vatican Roman Catholic
Church.
 He will be the first common man (non-appointed member of a church) in India to receive the
title of saint.
 Devasahayam was born on April 23, 1712 in Nattalam village in Kanyakumari district (Tamil
Nadu). He had served in the court of King Matanda Varma of Travancore.
 He had come in contact with a captain of the Dutch East India Company while serving the royal
house of Travancore. A few years later, in 1745 AD, he became a Catholic Christian.
 After converting to Christianity, Pillai took the name ‘Las Lajas’. It means, ‘God is my help’.
1.9 Row over Puri Heritage Corridor Project in Odisha
Recently a PIL has been filed in the court against the ‘Puri Heritage Corridor’ project. According to the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), the Odisha state government is building the ‘Puri Heritage
Corridor’ without proper license in the ‘protected and controlled areas of monuments’.
Due to which concerns are being expressed over the structural security of ‘Jagannath Temple of Puri’.
The Puri Heritage Corridor Project:
From the year 2016, the objective of this project is to convert the religious city 'Puri' into an
International Heritage Site. It also includes redevelopment of 'Puri Lake', and restoration plan of 'Musa
River'.
Jagannath Temple, Puri
 This temple is located in the coastal city of 'Puri' in Odisha.
 According to historians, this temple was built in the 12th century by King Ananthavarman
Chodaganga Dev of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty.
 It is dedicated to 'Jagannath', a form of Lord Krishna and is an important temple of Vaishnava
sect.

 Jagannath Puri Temple is also called 'Yamanika Tirtha', where according to Hindu beliefs, the
power of 'Yama', the god of death in 'Puri', ends because of the presence of Lord Jagannath.
 This temple is also known as "White Temple" and "White Pagoda", and is a part of 'Char Dham
Tirtha' (Badrinath, Dwarka, Puri, Rameshwaram).
 Jagannath Puri Temple is famous for its annual Rath Yatra or 'Rath Utsav'. In this Rath Yatra, the
3 main deities are made to travel on chariots built in the shape of a huge and elaborately
decorated temple, and pulled by the devotees.
1.10 Ram Mohan Roy’s 250th Birth Anniversary
The 250th birth anniversary of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the father of renaissance and tireless social
reformer of modern India, was celebrated on 22 May.
Rammohun Roy was born on May 22, 1772 in a town called 'Radhanagar' in the Bengal Presidency. Ram
Mohan Roy, as the representative of Akbar II, placed a demand for pension and allowances for him
before the British government.
Rammohun Roy was honored with the title of 'Raja' by 'Akbar II'.
Social Contribution:
 She was a fighter for women's rights and a vocal opponent of the practice of Sati. It should be
noted that the 'Sati Abolition Act' passed in the year 1829 was the result of his efforts.
 Raja Rammohun Roy also demanded 'inheritance' and 'right to property' to women.
 He also raised his voice against polygamy and child marriage prevalent at that time.
 He supported women's education, as he believed that only education could give women the
same social status as men.
Affiliated Organization:
 Raja Rammohun Roy started 'Atmiya Sabha' in 1814 to make people aware against idol worship,
meaningless rituals and superstitions. He propagated 'monotheistic ideals'.
 In 1817, he founded the 'Hindu College' in Calcutta along with 'David Heyer'.
 An attempt was made to bring together the then eminent Brahmins to promote 'religious
monotheism' and social reforms by the 'Calcutta Unitarian Committee' jointly set up by William
Adam and Rammohun Roy in September 1821.
 In the year 1828, he formed the 'Brahma Sabha' along with Debendranath Tagore.
 Raja Rammohun Roy established the 'Anglo-Hindu School' in the year 1822, in which mechanics
and Voltaire's philosophy were taught.
 In 1825, he started the 'Vedanta College' where Indian education as well as western social and
physical sciences were taught.
 In 1830, he helped Alexander Duff establish an institution directed by the abbot, which later
became the Scottish Church College.
Literary Contribution:
 Ram Mohan Roy published three magazines 'Brahminical Patrika' (1821), Bengali weekly
'Samvad Kaumudi' (1822) and Persian weekly 'Mirat-ul-Akbar'.
 Apart from this, he also translated the abbreviations 'Tuhfat-ul-Muwahideen' (1804), 'Vedanta
Gantha' (1815), 'Vedanta Saar' (1816).
1.11 Reconstitution of Central Advisory Board on Archaeology by Govt.
Recently, the government has once again constituted the Central Archaeological Advisory Board
(CABA).
Central Advisory Board on Archaeology (CABA):
 It has been formed to strengthen contacts in the field of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
and archaeological research.
 The board will consist of "5 persons nominated by the Government of India" as well as the
former Director General of ASI.
 The Board shall meet once in a year and will advise the Center on "archaeological matters"
mentioned by the members.

 It will promote linkages between Indian universities conducting archaeological research and
the Archaeological Survey of India.
 It will promote the application of antiquarian principles, train future archaeologists and
through the activities of ASI will bring closer ties between the efficient societies of India and its
State Governments.
Archaeological Survey of India:
 The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is the premier organization for archaeological research
and conservation of the country's cultural heritage under the Ministry of Culture.
 ASI manages more than 3650 ancient monuments, archaeological sites and remains of national
importance.
 Its functions include survey of archaeological remains, exploration and excavation of
archaeological sites, protection and maintenance of protected monuments, etc.
 It was established in the year 1861. The first Director General of ASI was Alexander
Cunningham. Alexander Cunningham is also known as the "Father of Indian Archaeology".
1.12 Sangeet Kalanidhi Award announced by Sangeet Akademi
Recently renowned singer and teacher Neyveli R Santhanagopalan has been selected for the award for
2020, mridangam player Tiruvarur Bakthavatsalam for 2021 and violinist GJR Krishnan and his sister
GJR Vijayalakshmi for 2022
 It may be noted that the Sangeet Kalanidhi Award winners for the years 2020, 2021 and 2022
have been announced by the Sangeet Akademi.
 Sangeet Kalanidhi Award is given by 'Madras Sangeet Akademi'. This award is considered to be
the highest award in the field of 'Karnataka music'.
 A 'Gold Medal' and a 'Birudu Patra' are awarded to the winners.
Madras Music Academy:
 The idea of setting up a Madras 'Sangeet Academy' was mooted in the 'Sangeet Sammelan' held
in conjunction with the 'All India Congress Session' (1927) held in Madras.
 Thus it is a branch of the INC Madras session, 1927. This academy plays an important role in the
promotion of Carnatic music.
1.13 Shirui Lily Festival of Manipur
Recently, the fourth edition of the state level Shirui Lily Festival 2022 has been organized in Manipur.
 In Manipur, this annual festival is organized by the tourism department of the government to
bring awareness about the Shirui Lily flower.
 The 4-day long festival was inaugurated by the Governor and Chief Minister of Manipur at Shirui
village in Ukhrul district.
 The festival is held around April and May as it is the time when ‘Shirui Lily’ blooms.
 It is to be known that this flower is found in India only in Ukhrul district of Manipur, and it
cannot be grown anywhere in the world.
 This flower was discovered in Manipur in the year 1946 by the English scientist Frank Kingdon-
Ward.
 Due to its many characteristics, this flower won the Excellence Award in the year 1948 at a
flower show of the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) London.
Shirui Lily
 Shirui Lily is the state flower of Manipur.
 It is 3 feet tall and bell shaped blue-pink flowers. Its scientific name is Lilium Mackliniae.
 Shirui Lily is a species of ground lily found only around the Shirui Hills of Manipur.
 Tangkhul Naga tribe resides in this area.
 It is locally called Kashong Timravon by the Tangkhul tribe, which is named after Timravon.

2. Indian Society & Social Issues
2.1 Minority status for Hindus too?
Recently, the Supreme Court has questioned the changing stand of the Center on granting minority
status to Hindus.
 A petition has been filed in the Supreme Court seeking to issue guidelines for granting minority
status to the states where the number of Hindus is less.
 The Court has expressed displeasure over the frequent change of stand by the Central
Government in this matter.
 The earlier affidavit filed by the Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA) said that the matter is to
be decided by the respective states.
 However, the latest affidavit states that the power to notify a group as a minority rests with the
Centre. However, this issue requires extensive consultation.
Minority status in India-
 The word "minority" has not been defined in the Constitution. In this only the word minority is
mentioned. The rights of minorities have been described under Article 29 and 30.
 However, the central government has declared Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and
Parsis as 'minorities' using the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992.
 The Supreme Court delivered an important judgment in the TMA Pai case of 2002. According to
the court, in the determination of linguistic and religious minorities, the 'state' should be
treated as a unit and not the population of the country as a whole.
Benefits of getting minority status
 Minority communities get the benefit of special schemes run by the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
 They are given the freedom to operate their educational institutions and trusts.
2.2 Apex Court Recognizes Sex work as a Profession
The Supreme Court has issued directions to create favorable conditions for sex workers to lead a life
with dignity in accordance with Article 21. These instructions have been issued under Article-142.
Article 142 confers discretionary power on the Supreme Court to do complete justice in any matter
pending before or before it.
Supreme Court guidelines:
 No police intervention or criminal action will be taken against adult and consenting sex
workers.
 The child should not be separated from the mother merely on the ground that he is engaged in
prostitution.
 The media should not publish their photographs or reveal their identities when reporting
rescue operations.
 The Center and the states should involve sex workers or their representatives to reform the
laws.
 UIDAI will provide Aadhar card to sex workers even if they are unable to produce proof of
residence.
 It is issued by the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) or the state health department.
Problems associated with sex workers:
 They face violence, criminalization and marginalization;
 They are at high risk of getting infected with HIV etc.
Legal status of sex work in India:
Under the Indian Penal Code (IPC), voluntary sexual acts or prostitution are not considered illegal.
However, under the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 it is illegal to run, broker or own a brothel.
Other initiatives for sex workers:
 Rehabilitation plan for sex workers,
 ‘Ujjawala’, a comprehensive Scheme for prevention of trafficking and rescue, rehabilitation and
reintegration of victims of trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.

3. Geography
3.1 'La-Nina phenomenon': Reason for the Increase in Heat-wave in India
The recent La-Nina phenomenon is adding to the heatwave in India. La Nina is a seasonal phenomenon.
It occurs in the Pacific Ocean. It is also known as "Little Girl".
La Nina is generally considered to be a positive contributing factor to India's monsoon; however, it is
believed that the increasing heat wave events in India are actually being driven by La Nia.
General Conditions:
 Where the land temperature in India starts rising in March. At the same time, generally the
western disturbances or the humidity of the Mediterranean region hinders it. It brings rain in
North and West India.
 But for these currents to reach India, they require a wide difference in temperature between the
latitudes of Europe and India.
 During La Nina in winter, a north-south pressure system is established over India. Generally it
affects the trade winds that bring rain to India.
 However, this year, due to the weak La Nina, this temperature difference was less. Therefore,
the Western Disturbances coming into India were also weak. Because of this, the warm westerly
winds that seldom brought rain in India were dominant.
What are El Nino and La Nina years?
El Nino year is an unusual event of unusually warm waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean. It occurs at
intervals of two to seven years.
How it affects the Indian monsoon:
 The area of rising warm wind/precipitation is shifted towards the central/east Pacific. The flow
of this warm wind is reduced over the Indian Ocean / mainland of India. This creates an area of
high pressure. Due to this, there is no rain on the mainland of India.
 As the east wind weakens, warm water begins to flow towards South America.
A La Nina year is a cold current phenomenon, which usually occurs after a warm El Nino event. The
warm equatorial ridge between the coast of South America and Oceania cools.
How this phenomenon helps in the Indian monsoon:
In the western Pacific, the warm wind/high rainfall area strengthens the monsoon winds. This causes
heavy rainfall in India.
3.2 Cyclone Asani : Year's first cyclone over Bay of Bengal
According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), the cyclone will easily turn into a 'severe
cyclonic storm'. It is developed in the south-eastern regions of the Bay of Bengal.
 Asani is the first cyclonic storm in the northern Indian Ocean region in the year 2022.
 This name has been given by Sri Lanka to this cyclone. Asani means "anger" in Sinhalese.
 The cyclone to be formed after Asani will be called "Sitrang". This is the name given by Thailand.
 The upcoming cyclones designated by India are; Ghurni, Probaho, Jhar and Murasu.
 Tropical cyclones are destructive storms. These originate from the warm sea water near the
equator.
Favorable conditions for their manufacture-
 Large sea surface with temperatures above 27°C.
 The presence of the Coriolis force.
 Partial change in vertical wind speed.
 An area of weak low pressure already existing or a low level cyclonic circulation.
 Upper divergence over the sea level system
Nomenclature of cyclone-
 Six Regional Specialized Meteorological Centers (RSMCs) have been given the power to issue
advisories on cyclonic storms and naming them.
 These centers include the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) and five Regional Tropical
Cyclone Warning Centres.
 The naming of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea began in September 2004.

3.3 Amalthea
 According to recent findings, Amalthea appears to radiate more heat than it receives from the
Sun. According to NASA, this could be due to Jupiter's magnetic field or tidal stress.
 'Amalthea Moon' is one of the 53 satellites of the planet Jupiter; It was the first discovered after
the four Galilean moons, and is the fifth largest moon overall in size.
 In terms of proximity to Jupiter, Amalthea is Jupiter's third moon—and it takes only 12 hours to
make one orbit around Jupiter.
 Amalthea also forms Amalthea Gossamer Ring, one of the fine rings that surround Jupiter. This
is Jupiter's faint innermost Gossamer Ring.
 So far only two missions Voyager and Galileo have passed near Amalthea. Both Voyager-1 and
Voyager-2 spacecraft took pictures of the 'Jovian' moon during their flight in 1979.

General Studies Paper-II
4. Indian Polity & Governance
4.1 India stays out of Global Declaration on Future on Internet
Recently the “Global Declaration on the Future of the Internet” was released, in which India has not
joined.
The Declaration is a political commitment between the partners to develop a positive vision for the
Internet and digital technologies. Its aim is to keep the Internet open, free and neutral.
About 60 countries/organizations have signed this declaration. These include the US, the European
Union, the United Kingdom, Canada and France. India, China and Russia are among the large countries
not part of the declaration.
The main tenets of this declaration:
 Commitment to protect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all people,
 Promote a global Internet that will ensure free flow of information. It will also provide inclusive
and affordable connectivity.
 Promote trust in global digital practices, including the protection of privacy.
 Preserving and strengthening a multi-stakeholder approach to digital governance.
 Earlier, a report titled "The Return of Digital Authoritarianism: Internet Shutdown" was
published.
The following facts were highlighted in this report:
 The number of countries having internet shutdown increased from 29 in the year 2020 to 34 in
the year 2021.
 India was the top country to impose internet shutdown for the fourth consecutive year in the
year 2021.
 India is also not a signatory to the Budapest Convention on Cyber Crime, 2001.
 Data sharing provisions violate national sovereignty under the Budapest Convention. Currently,
it is the only legally binding multilateral convention on cybercrime and electronic evidence.
4.2 Jammu and Kashmir Delimitation Commission
Recently, the Jammu and Kashmir Delimitation Commission has signed the order of delimitation of
Jammu and Kashmir, with the signing of the order of delimitation, the work of delimitation of Jammu
and Kashmir was completed.
 This Delimitation Commission was constituted by the Center on 6th March 2020. It was
entrusted with the task of redrawing the boundaries of parliamentary and assembly
constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir.
 Former Supreme Court judge Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai is the chairperson of the
commission.
 The commission has proposed to increase the number of assembly seats in the Union Territory
of Jammu and Kashmir from 83 to 90. In addition, there are 24 seats in Pakistan Occupied
Kashmir (PoK), which remain vacant.
 Delimitation is the act of redrawing the boundaries of Lok Sabha and Assembly constituencies
to reflect changes in population.
 Its purpose is to provide equal representation and fair division of geographic areas for the same
population group. In this way any political party is prevented from getting undue advantage.
 Under Article 82 of the Constitution, Parliament enacts a Delimitation Act after every census.
The Delimitation Commission is constituted like this Act.
 The Delimitation Commission was constituted in India in the years 1952, 1963, 1973 and 2002.
 In 2002, the process of delimitation of the Lok Sabha and state legislatures was put on hold until
at least 2026 by the 84th Constitutional Amendment.
 Under Article 170 of the Constitution, states are also divided into territorial constituencies
according to the Delimitation Act after each census.
 The Delimitation Commission is appointed by the President of India. It works in collaboration
with the Election Commission of India.

 Its orders have legal power. Its orders cannot be questioned before any court.
4.3 World Press Freedom Index, 2022
Recently 'World Press Freedom Index', 2022 has been published by “Reporters without Borders”. This
is the 20th edition so far.
This index was released on the occasion of 'World Press Freedom Day' on 3 May.
The report points to a two-fold increase in 'media polarisation'.
Keep in mind that 'media polarization' creates divisions within countries and between countries
internationally.
About 'World Press Freedom Index':
 Every year since 2002, the 'World Press Freedom Index' is published by Reporters Sans
Frontiers (RSF) or Reporters without Borders.
 Based in Paris, Reporters sans frontiers is an independent NGO, and has advisory status to the
United Nations, UNESCO, the European Council and the International Organisation international
de la Francophonie (OIF).
 The index ranks countries and territories according to the level of freedom available to
journalists. However, it is not an indicator of the 'quality of journalism'.
 The scores for each country or region are calculated using five relevant indicators – political
context, legal framework, economic context, socio-cultural context and security.
Performance of India and other countries in the index:
 In the report for the year 2022, India has slipped 8 places in the list of 180 countries from
142nd to 150th.
 Norway (1st), Denmark (2nd), Sweden (3rd) have been ranked in the 'World Press Freedom
Index'. In this list of 180 countries, 'North Korea' ranks at the bottom.
 Among India's neighbors, Nepal is ranked 76th in the global rankings, followed by Pakistan at
157th, Sri Lanka at 146th, Bangladesh at 162nd and Myanmar at 176th. While China has been
placed at 175th position in the index.
Reasons for India's poor performance
 According to the report, India's ranking has fallen due to "violence against journalists" and
"politically partisan media". Because of this, press freedom has reached a state of "crisis" in the
world's largest democracy.
 Among nations that are becoming more democratic, India's media faces pressure from
"increasingly authoritarian and/or nationalist governments".
 The report blames India's policy framework, which is supposed to provide security in principle,
and use defamation, sedition, contempt of court against journalists who criticize the
government as "anti-national", and takes recourse to charges like 'threat to national security'.
'World Press Freedom Day':
 World Press Freedom Day (WPFD) was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in
1993 after it was recommended by the General Assembly of UNESCO in the year 1991.
 The day also marks the adoption of the 'Windhoek Declaration', 1991 by UNESCO.
 Its objective is to 'develop a free, independent and pluralistic press'.
4.4 Appointment of judges in the Supreme Court
Appointments to all 34 sanctioned posts of judges in the Supreme Court of India will be made after
more than two years. Due to which the Supreme Court will work with the full capacity of 34 judges.
It may be noted that against the total sanctioned strength of 34 judges, the apex court currently has 32
judges.
According to Article 124(1) of the Constitution of India, Parliament can by law determine the number of
judges in the Supreme Court.
Appointment of Judges:
 The Chief Justice of India (CJI) and other judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the
President under Article 124(2) of the Constitution through the collegium system.
 The collegium system has evolved with the three judge’s case.

 First Judges Case, 1981 or SP Gupta case: The Supreme Court has ruled that the President can
'reject the recommendation' made by the Chief Justice of India on 'grounded grounds'. In this
way the executive got more powers in this matter.
 Second Judges Case, 1993 Supreme Court Advocates on Record Association (SCARA) vs
Union of India Case: The Chief Justice of India is required to consult only the two senior most
judges on judicial appointments and transfers.
 Third Judges Case, 1998: The Chief Justice of India should consult the four senior most judges
of the Supreme Court to form his opinion on judicial appointments and transfers.
Collegium system
 Collegium is a system where a committee takes decisions related to the appointment and
transfer of judges to the Supreme Court and High Courts.
 The committee consists of the Chief Justice of India (CJI), four senior-most judges of the
Supreme Court and three members of the High Court (if appointments are to be made to the
High Courts).
4.5 Sedition law needs to be reconsidered
According to the central government, there is no need to constitute a larger bench to reconsider the
sedition law. The Central Government has clarified before the Supreme Court that the 1962 decision on
the Sedition Act is correct. Therefore, there is no need to constitute a larger Bench for reconsideration.
 Recently, the central government has filed its clarification on the sedition law. In this, the
central government has defended the punitive law on sedition on the grounds upheld by a
constitutional bench of the Supreme Court.
 Sedition is defined in Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Section 124A defines sedition
as: “Whoever, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or
otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite
disaffection towards, the Government estab-lished by law shall be punished with
imprisonment for life, to which fine may be added…”
 It is a non-bailable offence.
 In 1962, in Kedar Nath Singh v State of Bihar, a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court upheld
the constitutional validity of the sedition law.
However, conditions were also laid for the use of this law, which are as follows:
 Criticism of the government cannot be construed as an offense of sedition unless there is an
incitement or call for violence.
 It is often misused by using it as a means to suppress political dissent.
 According to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report 2020, 70 and 73 cases were
registered under this section in the year 2018 and 2020 respectively. But, no one could be
convicted of this crime. In the year 2018, the Law Commission had suggested to retain this law
with the following conditions.
 The word 'sedition' should be probed. Also, it should be seen that it can be replaced by any
other suitable word.
 The possibility of 'right to express displeasure' as sedition needs to be examined.
 Safeguards against misuse of sedition law should be laid down.
4.6 Stay Proceedings before High Courts in Matters Challenging IT Rules: SC
Recently the Supreme Court stayed the proceedings of the High Court in matters of Information
Technology (IT) Rules.
The Supreme Court has passed an order to stay all proceedings of High Courts on petitions challenging
the validity of the following two laws:
 The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines And Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules,
2021, and
 The Cable TV Networks (Amendment) Rules, 2021.

The Information Technology (IT) Rules, 2021
 These rules are related to due diligence and grievance redressal from intermediaries, including
social media and OTT platforms, and the rules of the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology.
 These empower the users of the digital platform. Also, ensure the accountability of
intermediaries for a free, secure and reliable internet.
The Cable TV Networks (Amendment) Rules, 2021
These rules provide a legal mechanism for complaints made by citizens in respect of any material
transmission.
They provide a three-tier grievance redressal mechanism-
 self-regulation by broadcasters,
 self-regulation by broadcasters' self-regulating bodies, and
 Oversight by an inter-departmental committee at the central government level.
 The latest decision of the Supreme Court is in line with Article 139A of the Constitution.
4.7 Seeking Exemption of ‘Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005’
Recently, the armed forces have sought complete exemption from the RTI Act, 2005. This is because the
RTI Act is misused in order to collect intelligence.
Exemptions under RTI:
 Section 8(1) of the Act does not compel any public authority to disclose information on the
following grounds:
 the security and strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State,
 Publication of any information causes contempt of court,
 Records of deliberations of the Council of Ministers etc.
 Under section 24, intelligence or security organizations established by the Central Government
(which are specified in the Second Schedule) are excluded from the disclosure of information.
But information has to be provided in case of corruption and violation of human rights.
 The Central Government can amend the Second Schedule through notification.
4.8 Celebrities should do due assiduity regarding claims in crypto ads: ASCI
 Recently the Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) has said that the claims made in
crypto advertisements should be properly investigated by celebrities.
 Recently the Securities and Regulatory Board of India (SEBI) had suggested celebrities in public
life not to support Virtual Digital Asset (VDA).
 Following this, ASCI has reiterated its advice to celebrities to properly investigate crypto ads.
 VDA is defined as any information or code or number or token generated by cryptographic
means or other means that can be transferred, stored or traded electronically.
 This includes non-fungible tokens (NFTs), crypto and other virtual assets.
Regulation of Advertisement related to VDA-
 Under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, a provision of punishment has been made for those
who promote misleading advertisements. Plus, it's punishable even if they haven't researched
the ad before.
 ASCI issued guidelines for promotion and advertising of crypto and non-fungible tokens in
February 2022.
 The disclaimer regarding crypto products and NFIS is mandatory in all VDA products and
services.
Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) -
 Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) is a voluntary self-regulatory organization. It was
established in the year 1985. It aims to protect the interests of Indian consumers through self-
regulation in advertising.
 It issues a legally non-binding Advertising Code and Guidelines.
 In case of infringement by a celebrity/advertising company, ASCI may publish their cases or
may refer such cases to the relevant Government Regulator.

 The Cable Television Networks (Amendment) Rules, 2006 makes it mandatory for all
advertisements carried by cable services to conform to the ASCI Code.
Concerns related to Virtual Digital Assets (VDA)-
VDAs are highly risky assets. They remain largely unregulated. This does not provide any help from the
regulator in case of any loss in the transaction.
Other concerns-
 These can destabilize the financial system.
 These are against the sovereign interests of the country, may reduce the impact of RBI's
monetary policy, and there is a possibility of dollarization of a part of the Indian economy.
 Dollarization refers to the use of the US dollar in addition to or in place of the country's
domestic currency.
 Despite these concerns, VDA has been successful in attracting people. This is because of the
increase in celebrity ads targeting younger consumers, which also have no disclosures.
4.9 Cops’ “Intent to Cause Death”: Apex Court Report on 2019 Hyderabad
Encounter
The report of the Supreme Court (SC) panel recommending action against the policemen who carried
out the encounter could land Telangana in trouble.
 In the year 2019, Justice VS Sirpurkar Commission of Inquiry was constituted by the Supreme
Court to probe the encounter of four rape accused.
 The Commission of Inquiry has recommended filing of murder charges against the officers
involved in the alleged encounter.
 The police have claimed that there was a lot of public pressure for immediate justice, due to
which this encounter had to be done in self-defense. At the same time, the civil society has
called it an act of extrajudicial killing.
 Extrajudicial murder means the killing of a person by a person holding an official position
without following any legal process.
 Section-149 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C.)-1973 allows the police to act to the best
of its ability to prevent any cognizable offence. In this way they get protection from encounter
cases.
Causes of extrajudicial killings in India:
Frustration over unnecessary delays due to widespread corruption, faulty policing, lack of confidence in
the criminal justice system, or improper use/misuse of the judicial process, etc.
Key concerns on extrajudicial killings-
 This is a violation of fundamental rights under Article 14, 21, 22 etc. of the Constitution.
 These undermine the principle of natural justice and give the police the power to act arbitrarily.
 It diverts attention from the core issue of bridging the loopholes in the criminal justice system.
 The Supreme Court (in the 2014 PUCL vs. State of Maharashtra case) and the National Human
Rights Commission have framed guidelines for such cases.
 These guidelines are to be followed for fixing accountability in cases of custodial deaths.
4.10 Centre reconstitutes Inter-State Council (ISC)
Recently, the central government has reconstituted the Inter-State Council (ISC).
According to the Indian Constitution, the President (under Article 263) can establish such a council. At
the same time, he may also be empowered to define the nature of duties to be performed by such
council.
The ISC was constituted in the year 1990 as per the recommendations of the Sarkaria Commission.
The ISC is a recommendatory body on issues relating to inter-state, center-state and central
government relations between union territories.
Structure:
 It is headed by the Prime Minister, while the Chief Ministers (CMs) of all the states and six Union
Ministers are its members.

 The Chief Ministers of Union Territories which have Legislative Assemblies and Administrators
of Union Territories without Legislative Assemblies are also its members.
 The Standing Committee is headed by the Union Home Minister.
5. Social Justice
5.1 Status of Marital Rape in India
Recently, the Delhi High Court has given a divided decision on considering marital rape as a crime.
The judges of the Delhi High Court have expressed differing views on the criminalization of marital
rape.
 The decision has been given on petitions seeking to do away with the exception existing in rape
laws that protect husbands.
 Rape is defined in section 375 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). It lists several notions of mutual
consent. If these are violated, the man will be considered guilty of rape.
 However, exception number 2 of section 375 excludes marital rape from the purview of the
offence. It states that the sexual act of a man with his own wife (who is not less than 15 years of
age) is not rape.
 Section 375 was amended in 2013 to increase the age of consensual sex to 18 years. This
amendment was made to make this section at par with other laws. In other laws, a person
below the age of 18 is considered a 'boy/girl'.
 But under this exception number-2 of section 375 was not amended. This has resulted in a
situation where the husband can have coercive sex with his minor wife between the ages of 15
to 18 years.
 In this regard, in Independent Thought v Union of India case, the Supreme Court held that the
case of Exception No. 2, in so far as it relates to a girl under the age of 18 years, can be quashed.
 However, this case was not related to the issue of marital rape. Also, no amendment has been
made so far to include the condition of 18 years instead of 15 years in the case of marital rape in
Exception No. 2 of section 375.
5.2 Policies to End Discrimination against LGBTIQ+ Workers in ILO's Learning
Guide
A recent International Labor Organization (ILO) learning guide called for ending discrimination against
LGBTIQ+ workers and creating special policies for them.
ILO in its report highlights the discrimination faced by LGBTIQ+ workers and its economic cost.
The ILO has called for a national policy to end workplace harassment and exclusion by the community
and a review of labor laws.
LGBTIQ+ is an acronym for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex and Queer.
Key Conclusions of the Learning Guide
 Around the world, LGBTIQ+ individuals face workplace harassment, violence, discrimination
and unequal treatment.
 As of 2021, only 29 countries have legally recognized marriage equality (gay marriage). And 34
countries have recognized homosexual symbiosis.
 As of 2020, 81 member states of the United Nations have provided protection against
discrimination based on gender orientation in employment. However, LGBTIQ+ still face lack of
social security, social exclusion etc.
Key suggestions:
 Measuring the Inclusion of MLGBTIQ+: This will measure the effectiveness of the measures and
policies being implemented.
 The LGBTIO+ Inclusion Index is released by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
and the World Bank.
 The index is based on the following five dimensions: - education, health, personal safety and
violence, economic welfare, and political and civic participation.

Tripartite action needs to be taken at the following levels:
 The government can provide a legal, policy and social framework to ensure the non-
discriminatory nature of work.
 Employers can ensure a safe and conducive workplace environment.
 Workers' organizations can help workers in the LGBTIQ+ community organize. Also, can help
them to exercise their right to freedom of association and to engage in collective bargaining.
Development of LGBTQIA+ rights in India-
 Naaz Foundation Vs National Capital Territory of Delhi case: The High Court held that
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code violates the rights provided by Articles 14, 15, 19 and 21 of
the Constitution.
 National Legal Services Authority v Union of India Case: Supreme Court grants 'Third
Gender' status to transgender community.
 Navtej Singh Jauhar Vs Union of India Case: The Supreme Court struck down Section 377 as
unconstitutional.
 The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019: Provides for the protection and
welfare of the rights of transgender persons.
5.3 Recognition of Community Forest Resource (CER) rights of tribals
Recently Chhattisgarh has recognized Community Forest Resource (CER) rights of tribal of Kanger
Valley National Park.
 The Kanger Valley National Park has become the second protected area in the country to
recognize community forest resources (CER) rights. The first protected area is Simlipal of
Odisha.
 Community forest resource area is common forest land. It is traditionally protected and
preserved for sustainable use by a particular community.
 It may include any category of forests, such as: revenue forests, classified and unclassified
forests, deemed forests, reserved forests, protected forests, sanctuaries, national parks, etc.
 CFR rights have been recognized under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act (FRA), 2006.
Provisions:
 It recognizes forest rights and subsistence in forest land to Scheduled Tribes and other
traditional forest dwellers who have been living in such forests for generations but whose rights
have not been recorded.
 It allows the community to make rules for forest use by itself and others.
 It empowers the Gram Sabha to adopt local traditional practices of forest conservation and
management within the community forest resource limits.
The Forest Rights Act (FRA) recognizes community rights (CR) and community forest resource rights in
the following:
 Wildlife sanctuary,
 Tiger reserve,
 National Park and all forest land.
Importance of this decision-
 It empowers the villagers,
 Encourages community-based conservation,
 Strengthens the means of livelihood and food security for the community.
 Underlines the essential role of forest dwellers in the sustainability of forests and conservation
of biodiversity.
 Attempts to correct the "historic injustice" faced by forest-dependent communities due to the
curtailment of their traditional rights over forests.
Source- The Hindu

6. International Relations
6.1 Transnistria
Recently, after a series of explosions were reported in the Transnistria region, it is at risk of being
dragged into the 'Russia-Ukraine War'.
 It should be noted that Transnistria, located between Moldova in the west and Ukraine in the
east, is a small region separated from 'Moldova', a country in Eastern Europe.
 Often described as "the remnants of the Soviet Union", 'Transnistria' declared its independence
like 'Moldova' soon after the breakup of the Soviet Union.
 Transnistria was not even recognized as an independent country by Russia, and its economy
depends on Russia for subsidies and free gas.
 Most 'Transnistrians' hold dual citizenship of Russia and Transnistria, or 'triple citizenship' of
Moldova, Transnistria and Russia.
6.2 India-UAE CEPA Agreement
Recently the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) has been signed between India
and United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Indian products worth about $26 billion are likely to benefit from the implementation of CEPA.
Currently the UAE imposes an import duty of 5% on these items.
The United Arab Emirates is the third largest trading partner of India. The two largest trading partners
are the US and China.
Key Provisions of India-UAE CEPA
 About 90% of the products exported from India to UAE will attract zero duty. A permanent
safeguard mechanism has been put in place to deal with a sudden increase in the import of a
product.
 Indian generic drugs will automatically get registration and marketing rights in UAE after
getting permission in developed countries.
 It also has a strict provision like "Rules of Origin: ROOs". This necessitates adequate processing
of value addition up to 40%.
 The 'law of origin' is used in the agreement to determine whether a product will be eligible for a
duty-free or reduced duty regime under trade agreements.
Importance of CEPA-
 The agreement is expected to reach over $100 billion in bilateral commodity trade over the next
five years. Similarly, trade in services is expected to reach over $15 billion.
 About 10 lakh new employment opportunities will be created in India.
 This agreement will pave the way for comprehensive trade agreements with Gulf Cooperation
Council (GCC) countries like Oman, Qatar etc.
About CEPA-
This is a bilateral agreement. This includes trade, investment, competition and intellectual property
rights in goods and services.
6.3 International Dark Sky Week
Recently International Dark Sky Week has been organized from 22 to 30 April 2022.
'Dark Sky Week' is an annual event organized by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). It is
organized to raise awareness about the negative effects of light pollution, and to enjoy the night sky.
Such artificial light (usually outside homes) that is excessive, in the wrong direction, or obstructs, is
called light or photo pollution.
Components of light pollution:
 Bright Light (Glare); Excessive brightness causing visual disturbances.
 Sky glow, the glow of the night sky in populated areas.
Light trespass: Use of light in places where it is not needed or where it causes inconvenience to others.
Optical Clutter: Confusing and excessive grouping of light sources.

Effects of Light Pollution:
 This disrupts astronomical research. It has adverse health effects especially on humans and
their natural bodily cycle’s i.e. circadian rhythms. Plus, it also affects the production of
melatonin. Melatonin is regulated by light and dark.
 Circadian rhythms are changes in physical, mental and behavior that follow a 24-hour cycle.
 In disordered ecosystems, light pollution poses a serious threat especially to nocturnal wildlife.
It has a negative effect on the physiology of plants and animals. This increases energy
consumption.
Ways to deal with light pollution:
 The use of LED technology and green energy should be promoted for demonstrations and
lighting.
 Advertisements with high brightness should be avoided. These blur the traffic signals and
reduce its visibility.
6.4 India and Denmark Green Strategic Partnership (GSP)
Recently India and Denmark expressed their aspiration to lead the world in achieving the ambitious
goal of adopting green energy. This aspiration has been confirmed to be met through the Green
Strategic Partnership.
 Both sides also welcomed the work on Comprehensive Energy Policy Dialogue in India and
Denmark.
 Green Strategic Partnership (GSP) was established in the year 2020. It is a 5-year action plan for
green development. It focuses on green hydrogen, renewable energy, cycle economy, water
management, etc.
 It is particularly focused on the ambitious implementation of the Paris Agreement and the
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Other results of the India-Denmark meeting:
 “India Green Finance Initiative” has been launched. Under this, green projects in India will be
financed to accelerate green development and employment generation in India.
 India has agreed to join the “International Center for Anti-Microbial Resistance” (ICARS) as a
mission partner. ICARS is a research partnership platform on “One Health”. It supports the
development and implementation of context-specific and cost-effective solutions to combat
antimicrobial resistance in low- and lower-middle-income countries.
 Denmark has confirmed its entry into the Global Digital Health Partnership (GDHP).
 The GDHP is a collaboration platform between governments and territories, government
agencies, and the World Health Organization. It has been constituted to support the effective
implementation of digital health services.
 It is to be noted that India is a member of GDHP.
6.5 India-Germany 'Green Deal' Agreement
Recently India and Germany have signed a green deal worth 10.5 billion dollars to promote the use of
clean energy.
 The plenary session of the 6th Inter-Governmental Consultations (IGC) between India and
Germany was held in Berlin. At its conclusion, the two countries signed a joint declaration of
intent to establish a green and sustainable development partnership.
 The aim of this agreement is to enhance bilateral, trilateral and multilateral cooperation. At the
same time, action has to be intensified in the direction of climate protection.
 India and Germany announced climate goals during the COP26 conference held in Glasgow. The
period of achievement of these declared climate goals will end in 2030. Thus, this joint
declaration will help both the countries to achieve their respective goals.
The following cooperation areas are covered under this partnership:
 Development of India-Germany Green Hydrogen Roadmap: This roadmap will be based on
inputs given by the Indo-German Green Hydrogen Task Force. It will be assisted by the Indo-
German Energy Forum (IGEP).

 Establishment of India-Germany Renewable Energy Partnership: It will focus on innovative
solar energy and other renewable energy. A pioneering collaboration will be established on
“Agriculture Ecology and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources”.
 Cooperation in restoring forest landscapes will be increased under the Bonn Challenge.
 Increasing cooperation on green energy corridors: Leh-Haryana transmission line and the
project of carbon neutral Ladakh are some of the prime examples.
Some other initiatives announced
 India-Germany Partnership on Green Urban Mobility: This partnership will support the
integration of sustainable modes of transport like metro, light metro etc.
 NITI Aayog-BMZ Dialogue: It aims to strengthen the localization of Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) at the city level.
6.6 Indian Navy’s P-75I submarine project that France has pulled out of
France's Naval Group has rejected the Indian Navy's bid for the P-75 India (0-75I) project. According to
the group, the project does not use an Air-Independent Propulsion (AIP) system.
AIP is a technology used in conventional i.e. non-nuclear submarines.
 A conventional submarine with AIP technology can stay underwater for a much longer period
(about 15 days) than normal diesel-electric submarines.
 Be aware that the P-75I is part of a 30-year submarine building plan. This scheme will end in the
year 2030.
 The plan aims to build 24 conventional submarines by 2030 (now reduced to 18).
India is expected to have the following submarines upon completion of the 30-year project:
 6 diesel-electric submarines,
 6 AIP-powered submarines, and
 Six nuclear attack submarines (to be built).
Project-75 involves the construction of six Scorpene (diesel-electric) design submarines. Four of these,
Kalvari, Khanderi, Karanj and Vela have already been handed over to the Navy and commissioned.
The other two submarines are: INS Vagir and INS Vagshir.
Scorpene submarines can perform a variety of missions. These include: anti-sea surface warfare, anti-
submarine warfare, intelligence gathering, mine laying, area surveillance, etc.
6.6 World Food Prize
Recently 'Cynthia E. Rosenzweig' has been awarded the World Food Prize. Cynthia E. Rosenzweig is a
NASA climate research scientist.
He has spent much of his life explaining how global food production should adapt to the changing
climate.
For this reason, a $250,000 prize has been awarded to 'Cynthia E. Rosenzweig,' agronomist and
climatologist, in honor of her innovative model on 'The Effects of Climate Change on Food Production'.
World Food Prize-
 The World Food Prize was formed in the year 1986, its sponsor was 'General Food Corporation'.
 The award was conceived by the Nobel Peace Prize laureate 'Dr. Norman E Borlaug. He is also
known as the father of Green Revolution.
 The World Food Prize is the best international honor given in recognition of distinguished
achievements of individuals working for human development by improving the quality,
quantity or availability of food in the world.
 The Prize, Plant, Animal and Soil Sciences; Food Science and Technology; provided in all areas
related to the world food supply including nutrition, rural development, etc.
 This award can be given to any person of all ethnicities, religions, nationalities or political
beliefs. The cash amount of the prize is $2,50,000.
 This award is given by the 'World Food Prize Foundation'. More than 80 companies and private
individuals are involved in this foundation as donors.
 This award is also known as "Nobel Prize for Food and Agriculture".

 For the first time this award was given to Dr. MS Swaminathan, the father of Green Revolution
in India in the year 1987.
6.7 India will not be join WTO's the Plurilateral Agreement on Government
Procurement (GPA)
Recently, India has said that it has no plans to join the Government Purchase Agreement (GPA) of the
World Trade Organization (WTO).
Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) allows WTO members to mutually open their markets
to sell goods and services to governments. Governments often include regional and local governments.
 There are 21 parties to the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA 2012). It counts the
European Union and its 27 member states as a party, including the 48 members of the WTO.
 The GPA is a plurilateral agreement. This includes some WTO members but not all members.
 Government agencies are often required to purchase goods and services with public resources
and for public purposes. Such purchases are generally referred to as 'public purchases'.
 On average, government procurement accounts for 10-15% of an economy's GDP. It forms an
important market and is an important aspect of international trade.
 Prior to this, India has never included a government purchase agreement in bilateral or
multilateral trade agreements to protect domestic companies.
 However, recently India has said that it is ready to hold talks on government procurement as
part of bilateral deals.
 Recently, government procurement has been included in a free trade agreement with the United
Arab Emirates for the first time.
 Even under the India-UAE trade agreement, government procurement is limited to only a few
central ministries. It excludes key sectors such as manufacturing, infrastructure projects and
health care.
Joining the Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) 2012, provides the following
significant benefits:
 Potential trading benefits are derived based on legally assured access to foreign procurement
markets covered in the agreement.
 It keeps markets open in times of crisis (when protectionism is on the rise).
 Public procurement system enhances the confidence of the public, suppliers and investors. This
encourages foreign direct investment inflows.
 Competition for agreements increases. This gives a better value for the money spent.
6.8 Germany Withdraws Case against Italy over Nazi Compensation Claims in UN
Recently, Germany withdrew its case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Italy over war
compensation for Nazi victims. The International Court of Justice is the highest judicial body of the
United Nations.
 Established in the year 1945, the headquarters of the International Court of Justice is located in
The Hague, Netherlands.
 It has been established to resolve legal disputes between different countries, with one of its
primary roles being the resolution of legal disputes.
World War II (1939–1945)
 All the major countries of the world participated in this war. It ended in 1945 with the defeat of
the Axis countries.
 Germany invaded Poland in September 1939. This incident also forced Great Britain and France
to declare war. In this way it took the form of World War II.
Cause of World War II-
 The Treaty of Versailles (1919) after World War I failed to establish lasting peace and security.
 Without the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR), the League of Nations proved to be a
weak institution. The Soviet Union was included in the League of Nations only in the year 1934.
 Dictatorships emerged in Italy (Fascism) and Germany (Nazism) under Benito Mussolini (1922)
and Adolf Hitler (1933) respectively.

 The Axis Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) adopted an expansionist policy during the period
between the two World Wars.
 The Conference on Disarmament (1932) and the Washington Naval Conference (1921–22) were
unsuccessful in achieving the goal of disarmament and preventing naval arms competition.
6.9 US proposes pick-and-choose Indo-Pacific economic framework
The US has proposed a "pick-and-choose" based Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF).
The proposed IPEF answers questions from the Biden administration about the United States' economic
commitment to the strategically important Indo-Pacific region.
The Indo-Pacific region has been the focus of many former US Presidents' policies. For example,
President Barack Obama's "Pivot to Asia" or "Rebalancing" strategy and the Trump administration's
"Strategic Framework for the Indo-Pacific", etc.
The IPEF has been proposed as a forum for dialogue on a variety of economic issues.
Economic issues are divided into four pillars:
1. fair and unhindered trade;
2. continuity of the supply chain;
3. infrastructure, clean energy and decarbonization and
4. Anti-tax and corruption.
The United States considers India's participation in the IPEF very important.
India views this framework in a positive light. India particularly favors cooperation in terms of the
'supplies chain continuity' pillar. However, India has also sought flexibility in the framework to
encourage various countries to join.
The US sees India as an "important partner" in its economic activities in the region. Also, it is also "very
actively communicating" with the Government of India to resolve doubts about IPEF.
Given China's Belt and Road Initiative, the Indo-Pacific region presents an opportunity to engage in
economic and security aspects.
6.10 Finland and Sweden confirm intention to join NATO
Recently, the political leadership of Finland has expressed its desire to join NATO.
NATO is a military alliance. It consists of 30 member countries from North America (2) and Europe
(28).
 Its fundamental purpose is to protect the independence and sovereignty of the Allies by political
and military means.
 It was established in the year 1949 by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty.
 According to Article 5 of the treaty, if a member country is attacked by a foreign country with an
armed force, it shall be deemed an attack against all members. Other member states will assist
the attack victim nation with armed forces if necessary.
 It’s headquarter is in Brussels, the capital of Belgium.
6.11 Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure: RATS
Recently India is hosting the meeting of Regional Anti-Terrorism Organization-RATS of Shanghai
Cooperation Organization (SCO).
The Regional Anti-Terrorism Framework (RATS) supports coordination and dialogue among the
competent bodies of SCO member states to combat terrorism, separatism and extremism.
Under this, the counter-terrorism capability of the member countries is being developed through
organizing annual joint counter-terrorism exercises, talks between the border forces, etc.
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)
 SCO was established in the year 2001 in Shanghai. It is a permanent intergovernmental political,
economic and military organization.
 The member countries of SCO include Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Kyrgyz Republic,
Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

6.12 Macolin Convention: Global experts examine the changing face of match-
fixing
Recently, the 12th meeting of the Match Fixing Task Force (MFTE) of Interpol has concluded. The
meeting called for harmonized global efforts to prevent manipulation of competition and establish
national platforms, as outlined by the McColin Convention.
 It was the first major event under Interpol's newly created Financial Crimes and Anti-
Corruption Center (IFCACC).
 The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has participated from the Indian side.
 The Council of Europe Convention on the Manipulation of Sporting Competitions is known as
the McColin Convention. It is a multilateral treaty. Its purpose is to investigate match-fixing.
6.13 PM's visit to Lumbini, Nepal
Recently, the Prime Minister has visited Lumbini to strengthen India-Nepal ties.
The Indian Prime Minister highlighted the shared faith and traditions of India and Nepal. At the same
time, he called for further strengthening India-Nepal friendship to meet the emerging global challenges.
 Highlights of Prime Minister's visit to Lumbini He laid the foundation stone of India
International Center for Buddhist Culture and Heritage. It is being established by the
International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) based in India.
 The two countries agreed in principle to establish sister city relations between Lumbini (the
birthplace of Lord Buddha) and Kushinagar (the parinirvana site of Lord Buddha).
Importance of Lumbini
 It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
 Archaeological remains of Buddhist viharas (monasteries) and stupas (memorial sites) from the
3rd century BC to the 15th century AD have been found here.
The following structures have also been found here:
 Shakya Pond,
 Brick structures built in a cross-wall system within the Maya Devi temple, and
 Ashoka Pillar made of sandstone, on which inscriptions are engraved in Pali language in Brahmi
script.
Global importance of Buddhism for India
India is the birthplace of Buddhism and its sub-sects.
Many important sites associated with Gautam Buddha are located in India.
 Bodh Gaya (where Buddha attained enlightenment),
 Sarnath (where Buddha gave his first sermon),
 Kushinagar (Mahaparinirvana i.e. the place of death of Buddha) etc.
There are more than 500 million followers of Buddhism around the world. The historical legitimacy of
Buddhism serves as an important religious soft power for India.
Soft power is the ability to influence others, whereby a person or organization seeks to achieve the
desired result through attraction rather than coercion or payment.
It serves as an influencer for Indian diplomacy. This is especially important for East Asia. Through this,
efforts are being made to revive the ancient cultural ties under the "Act East Policy".
6.14 World Forestry Congress (WFC) adopts Seoul Forest Declaration
Recently the 15th World Forestry Congress (WFC) has supported the “Seoul Forest Declaration” (SFD).
The World Forestry Congress is a forum for the exchange of ideas between governments, civil society
and the private sector. It also makes recommendations related to forestry, which are implemented at
national, regional and global levels.
This Congress is being organized under the aegis of Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) since
1954. It is usually held every six years.
This year's theme was: “Building a Green, Healthy and Resilient Future”.

The Seoul Forest Declaration focuses on identifying key areas that can help tackle the many crises
facing humanity.
These include the following:
 The responsibility of forests should be shared and integrated among all institutions, sectors and
stakeholders.
 Globally, investments in forest and landscape restoration need to be tripled by 2030. This will
help meet the internationally agreed targets of reclamation of degraded land.
 New green financing mechanism needs to be considered for increasing investment in forest
conservation, restoration etc.
 Sustainably produced wood must be used for:
 To bring change in the construction sector,
 To provide renewable energy,
 To provide new innovative materials, and
 To move towards a cyclical bio-economy and climate neutrality.
Other initiatives taken at the World Forestry Congress -
 Assuring the Future of Forests with Integrated Risk Management (AFFIRM): This will help
individual countries to better understand, manage and deal with forest fires.
 Sustaining an Abundance of Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) i.e. “SAFE” initiative has been started.
 Earlier initiatives like 'Youth Statements on Forests' and 'Ministerial Call on Sustainable Woods'
have also been started.
6.15 India Bans Wheat Exports
Recently the Government of India has banned the export of wheat to control the rising domestic prices.
The following reasons are responsible for the ban on export of wheat:
 This was necessary to ensure the country's overall food security and to continue to support the
needs of neighboring and poorer countries.
 The Russo-Ukraine war has led to a sharp rise in global wheat prices. As a result of this, some
farmers were selling wheat to traders.
 Due to this there has been a sharp decline in the purchase of buffer stock by the Food
Corporation of India (FCI). India's wheat crop has also been affected by the heat-wave. This has
reduced production.
 Rising food and energy prices have pushed India's annual retail inflation to an eight-year high.
Wheat:
 Wheat crop is grown in Rabi (winter) season. India is the second largest producer of wheat in
the world.
 Climate Requirement: It can be grown in tropical, sub-tropical and temperate regions including
the cold regions of the far north.
 The crop requires cool and humid weather during most of its growth period. It needs dry and
warm weather to be able to ripen properly.
 The ideal temperature range for wheat crop is 20-25°C.
 Extremely high or low temperatures and droughts are harmful to the wheat when the grain is
forming or flowering.
 The ideal soil for wheat cultivation should be loamy or loamy texture with good structure and
medium water holding capacity.
Other headlines related to wheat-
 In order to prevent hasty sale of wheat, the central government has relaxed the Fair and
Average Quality (FAQ) norms for wheat in Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh.
 Under this, the limit for government procurement of "dry and broken grains" has been
increased.
 In March, the wheat grain had shrunk due to unseasonal heat. This made wheat unfit for
procurement as per normal quality norms.
 Fair and Average Quality (FAQ) wheat crop is fully grown. It has proper shine. The main
varieties are golden or pale yellow in color, the grain is not dark, and there are no streaks.

6.16 International Science Council: ISC
Recently, the International Science Council (ISC) has released a report titled “Unpredicted and
Unfinished: COVID-19 and Applications for National and Global Policy”.
 In this, the ISC has called on the United Nations to establish a new science advisory mechanism.
 According to the report, this step will help in mitigating the impact of the global pandemic. Also,
it will ensure better coordination to address inequalities and vulnerabilities that have increased
as a result of COVID-19.
 These effects of Covid-19 will continue at least till the year 2027.
 The headquarters of ISC is located in Paris. It is a non-governmental organization. It was created
in the year 2018 by merging the International Science Council and the International Social
Science Council.
 It is the third largest global science organization with over 200 international scientific
associations, institutions, national and regional scientific organizations, etc.
6.17 The Tibet-China Conflict
Recently, Uzra Zeya, the US Special Coordinator on Tibet met with the leader of the Sikyong or self-
styled Central Tibetan Administration, Penpa Tsering, and other officials and representatives of the
Tibetan community.
 This meeting is also being seen as a strong message from the Indian government to China.
 Because any outside interference by China in 'Tibet' related matters has been opposed, and this
visit of the US Special Coordinator was facilitated by New Delhi.
 It is to be known that there are more than 1 lakh Tibetans settled all over India.
Location of Tibet:
 Tibet is a landmass of about 2.4 million km on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia, and in size it is about
a quarter of the total area of China.
 It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan population as well as some other ethnic groups.
China's right over Tibet?
 As claimed by the People's Republic of China, Tibet has been a part of China since the Yuan
dynasty led by the Mongols.
 In 1951, Tibetan leaders were forced to sign a treaty directed by China.
 The treaty is known as the "Seventeen Point Agreement" and promised to guarantee Tibetan
autonomy and respect Buddhism, but at the same time, it included Chinese civilian and military
forces in 'Lhasa' (the capital of Tibet). Provision has also been made for the establishment of
Headquarters.
 However, the Tibetans, including the Dalai Lama, consider the treaty to be ‘invalid’, saying that
the treaty was signed under pressure.
 The Chinese occupation of Tibet is often described by the Tibetan people as a ‘cultural
genocide’.
6.18 New Development Bank of BRICS in GIFT City
Recently a 'Regional Office' has been set up in Gujarat province of India by the New Development Bank
(NDB) to finance and monitor ongoing infrastructure projects in India and Bangladesh.
New Development Bank (NDB)
 It is a multilateral development bank run by BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa
- BRICS) countries.
 In 2013, during the 5th BRICS Summit held in Durban, South Africa, BRICS leaders agreed to set
up a 'New Development Bank'.
 It was established in the year 2014 during the 6th BRICS summit held in Fortaleza, Brazil.
 The purpose of setting up this bank is to promote financial and development cooperation in five
emerging markets.
 It’s headquarter is located in Shanghai, China.

Free Current Affairs Magazine June 2022 English

Free Current Affairs Magazine June 2022 English

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Free Current Affairs Magazine June 2022 English