6. Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
Sites: myometrium, tubes , ovary, bowel .
Pathology :
Glands + stroma ( hormone responding )
Clinically : bleeding, pain, adhesion
Pathogenesis
menstrual blood flows back through the fallopian tubes and into t
pelvic cavity
Metaplasia
Hormonal imbalance In the body
• Surgical scars: from surgeries such as a Cesarean (C-section) or
hysterectomy
• Immune system problems
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7. Endometrial hyperplasia
↑↑ of endometrial glands and stroma
Due to ↑↑ ostrogen as in : .....
(no balance between the female hormones, estrogen and
progesterone)
Clinical effect : postmenopausal bleeding
Pathology : 3 types
1- simple : dilated glands
2- complex: irregular glands
2- atypical : cellular atypia
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19. Invasive Ca Cx
Very common , NO 2 in females
Mortality : No 8
Risk factors
1- HPV (16, 18, 4)
2- CIN
3- sexual activity , parity , smoking ,...
Clinically : .....
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23. 5/9/2023 23
Causes
Exact cause is not known, it is believed that the
following conditions can cause ectopic pregnancy:
Hormonal factors
Damaged fallopian tubes by either previous
injury or surgery
Genetic abnormalities
Abnormal development of fallopian tubes or
other reproductive organs
The risk factors include:
Previous ectopic pregnancy
Sexually transmitted infections such as
gonorrhea or chlamydia
Undergone fertility treatment
In rare cases, when IUDs are used for birth
control
Smoking
25. Hydatidiform Mole
Chorionic villi odema with trophblastic
proliferation
Three forms
A. Complete : fertilization by two sperms with
ova death ( 46 XX or 46 XY from father), no
fetal parts.
B. Partial: two sperms+ ova (triple), some fetal
parts
C. Invasive : local invasion with no metastasis
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26. 5/9/2023 26
vaginal bleeding and absence of fetal heart tones.
Laboratory studies; beta-HCG levels –
extreme elevations of this pregnancy
hormone may suggest molar pregnancy
(greater than 100,000 mIU/ml)
27. Choriocarcinoma
• Malignant trophoblastic tumor arising
from normal or abnormal pregnancy.
Pathology:
• large fleshy mass, with cyto and
cyncytiotrophoblastic cells,
• High metastasis potential
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28. Ch Ca.
• Clinically:
–V. bleeding and discharge
–Very high HCG
–..of malignancy &metastasis
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29. Disorders of the Ovary
Inflammations = Oophoritis= PID
Ovarian cysts
- Non neoplastic( functional)
-Neoplastic
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