LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications 2020

From Technologies to Markets
© 2020
LiDAR for
Automotive and
Industrial
Applications
Market and Technology
Report 2020
Sample

2
Glossary and definition 2
Table of contents 4
Report scope 6
Report methodology 8
About the authors 9
Companies cited in this report 10
What we got right, What we got wrong 11
Yole Group related reports 13
Executive Summary 15
Context 43
• Scope of the report
• Historical perspective
• What’s new? Products launch, collaboration,
fundraising
Market forecasts 61
• LiDAR volume and market forecast
• Automotive LiDAR market and volume forecast
• Industrial LiDAR market and volume forecast
• Alternative scenario
Market trends 96
• Automotive applications
• Industrial applications
• Defense, space and scientific applications
LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 1/2

3
Market shares and supply chain 140
• Players and market shares
• M&A and investments
• Partnerships and supply chain
• LiDAR in automotive development process
• Chinese landscape
Technology trends 185
• Image formation
• Components
• Products
• Integration in ADAS vehicles
• Novel technologies
• Technology roadmaps
Teardowns 241
Outlooks 253
AboutVelodyne 257
• Company profile
• Analysis
How to use our data? 280
AboutYole Développement 281
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part 2/2

4LiDAR for Automotive and Industrial Applications | Sample | www.yole.fr | ©2020
SCOPE OFTHE REPORT
Markets and applications
Yours needs are
out of the report’
scope?
Contact us for a custom:
Consumer Automotive Industrial
Defense &
aerospace
AR/VR
ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
AR: Augmented Reality
VR: Virtual Reality
ADAS
Robotic cars
Logistics
Energy
Factory
automation
Construction
Smart buildings
Smart agriculture
Security
Planets
Atmosphere
Logistics
Out of scope In scope
LiDAR consumer
applications are
covered inYole
3D Imaging &
Sensing report.

METHODOLOGIES & DEFINITIONS
Market
Volume (in Munits)
ASP (in $)
Revenue (in $M)
Yole’s market forecast model is based on the matching of several sources:
Information
Aggregation
Preexisting
information

COMPANIES CITED IN THIS REPORT
ABAX,Aeva,AEye ,AGC,Airbus, ams AG,AOET ,Argo AI,ASC,ASETechnology,Audi,Aurora Innovation, Ball Aerospace, Baraja, BEA , BEAMAGINE,
Beijing SurestarTechnology, Benewake, Blickfeld, BMW, Bosch, Bridger Photonics, Broadcom, Carnavicom , CeptonTechnologies , Continental,
CoreDAR, Cosworth, Delphi, Denso, Draper, Eblana photonics,Eckhardt Optics, EOLOS, Eonite Perception, Epistar, Epsiline, ExcelitasTechnologies,
Faro, Fastree3D, Ficontec, Finisar, First Sensor AG, Fujitsu, GeoSLAM, GuangshaoTechnology, Hamamatsu Photonics, Hesai PhotonicsTechnologies,
Hexagon AB, HitronicsTechnologies, Hokuyo Automatic, Huawei, Huyndai, Hybo , Hybrid LiDAR Systems, Hypersen Technologies, Hyundai Mobis,
Ibeo Automotive Systems, II-VI, Imuzak, InfineonTechnologies AG, INFOWORKS, Innoluce BV, InnovizTechnologies, Innovusion, Insight LiDAR,
Iridian SpectralTechnologies, Irvine Sensors Corp., Jabil, Jaguar, Kaarta, Koito, Konica Minolta, Kyocera, Laser Components,LeddarTech, Leica
Geosystems, LeiShen Intelligent System, Leonardo, Leosphere, Lexus, LG, Livox, Lumentum, Lumibird, LuminarTechnologies, Lumotive, Magna,
Marelli, Meller Optics, Mercedes-Benz, METEK Meteorologische Messtechnik GmbH, Micralyne, Micro Photon Devices, Microvision, Mirada
Technologies, Mirrorcle, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Neophotonics,Neptec Design Group Ltd. , NeptecTechnologies, Neuvition, Newsight
Imaging , Nextcore, Ocular Robotics, OEwaves, OLEI LiDAR, Ommatidia, Omron, ONSemi, Ophir, Oplatek, Oqmented, Osram, OURSTechnology,
Ouster , Panasonic, Phantom Intelligence, Phoenix LiDAR Systems, Pioneer Smart Sensing Innovations Corporation, PSSI, pmdtechnologies AG,
Preciseley Microtechnology Corp., Princeton Optronics, Quanergy Systems, Quantel laser , Quantum Semiconductor International (QSI), Redtail
Lidar, Renault, Renesas, Riegl, RoboSense, Rockley photonics, Scantinel Photonics, Sense Photonics, Sick AG, SiLCTechnologies, STMicroelectronics,
Teledyne Optech,TeraXion,TetraVue,Topcon,Trimble,Valeo,Velodyne LiDAR,Veoneer,Volkswagen,Volvo,Waymo,Webasto, XenomatiX,Z+F Laser ,
ZF Friedrichshafen AG, and more.

7
Pierrick BOULAY, Market &Technology Analyst
Pierrick Boulay works as a Market and Technology Analyst in the fields of LED, OLED and lighting systems. He performs technical,
economic, and market analyses at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’ market research and strategy consulting company.
He has industry experience in LED lighting, including general and automotive lighting, and OLED lighting.
Prior to Yole, Pierrick worked in several R&D departments on LED lighting applications. He holds a master’s degree in
Electronics from ESEO in France.
Contact: pierrick.boulay@yole.fr
Alexis DEBRAY, Market &Technology Analyst
Alexis Debray is a Technology & Market Analyst in the MEMS and Sensors team at Yole Développement, the ‘More than Moore’
market research and strategy consulting company. Alexis spent 17 years in Japan, including 2 years at the University of Tokyo
where he studied MEMS technologies, and 15 years at Canon Inc. where he was a research engineer. There he contributed to
works on MEMS devices, lingual prehension, and terahertz imaging devices. He is the author of various scientific publications and
patents.
Alexis graduated from ENSICAEN and holds a PhD in applied acoustics.
Contact: alexis.debray@yole.fr
Biographies & contact
ABOUT THE AUTHORS

LiDAR: FROM TECHNOLOGIES TO APPLICATIONS
LiDAR
Fiber-optic
communication
VCSEL
PET
SiPM
Consumer optics
Optical packaging
OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography
PET: Positron Emission Tomography
SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier
VCSEL: Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
Laser diode
Geographic
Information
System
Cloud data
OCT
Automatic
target
recognition
Mobility
Robots
Space
Topography
Wind
Up to
$M 500
$10 000
$1 000 000
$30 000
$500 000
$500
$75 000
Consumer
MEMS
scanner
Image processing
$1
$10
$1000
$2 000
$100 000
Logistics/Industry

HISTORY OF LiDAR
1930
In the 1930, EH
Synge conceived
the LiDAR.
1939
Ellis A. Johnson, a
Carnegie Institution
Scientist, uses a
searchlight to
capture signals up
to 40 km.
1953
Columbia University
team led by Charles
Townes build the first
maser (microwave
amplification by
stimulated emission of
radiation)
1960
In 1960,TH Maiman
conceived the first
laser.
1962
The Hughes Mark
II Colidar is the
first commercial
LiDAR.
1963
SRI build the SRI
Mark I lidar for
atmospheric
studies.
1968
George D.
Hickman flies the
first bathymetric
LiDAR.
1969
Apollo Lunar
Ranging
Experiment (LURE)
lands on the moon
with Apollo 11.
1974
York University
(Canada) physicist
Allan Carswell
and his wife Helen
found Optech.
1978
Johannes Riegl
founds Riegl.
1984
Milton Huffaker
founds Coherent
Technologies to
commercialize
lidar wind-
detection systems
1998
CyraTechnologies
introduces the
Cyrax 2400, the
first tripod-
mounted,
commercial 3D
scanner.
2000
University of Texas
at Austin team led
by James Gibeaut
create the first
lidar-based digital
elevation model of
an archaeological
site, at Copan,
Honduras.
2004
DARPA Grand
Challenge in the
Mojave Desert ends
with no
finishers. SICK line
scanners are a
popular sensor among
teams.

10
LiDAR RANGING METHODS
There are
three LiDAR
ranging
methods:
pulsed time of
flight, phase
shift, and
frequency
modulation.
PulsedTime of Flight
Pulsed Time of Flight (ToF) is a direct
measurement of the time of flight of light
from the emitter to the scene and then to
the photodetector.
This technique allows measurement of
several reflections.
It relies heavily on Time to Digital
converters (TDC) which transform the
pulse arrival timing into digital signals.
Phase Shift
In phase shift time of flight, continuous
waves are used and the time of flight is
measured as a phase difference.
The use of continuous waves allows for
heterodyne detection which is much
more sensitive than direct detection.
However, the maximum range is limited
by phase wrapping.
Frequency Modulation
In frequency modulation, a continuous
wave is modulated in frequency and the
time of flight is measured as a frequency
difference.
As with phase shift, continuous waves
allow for heterodyne detection. Moreover,
radial velocity can be easily measured.
However, a highly coherent source is
needed to use heterodyne detection.

LiDAR IMAGING METHODS
LiDAR
1D 2D/3D
Beam
steering
Mechanical
Macro-
mechanical
Turntable
Galvano
scanner
Risley
prisms
Voice-coil
MEMS
Micro-
mirror
DMD
SLAM
Optical
Optical-phased
array
Liquid
crystal
Wavelength
sweeping
Electro-
optic
Fixed
beams
Flash
Sequential
flash
DMD: Digital Micromirror Device
MEMS: Micro-Electro Mechanical System
SLAM: Simultaneous Localization And Mapping
• 1D LiDAR include rangefinders and
speedometers.They are used in
construction and law enforcement, and
out of the scope of this report.
• New technologies have been recently
developed to achieve 3D LiDAR
images.
• In sequential flash, an array of lasers in
sequentially activated in order to
partially illuminate the scene.
• DMD has been recently used to scan a
laser beam in LiDAR.
• In wavelength sweeping, a laser beam
passes through a prism. By changing
the wavelength of the laser, the
deflection of the beam is changed.
• Electro-optic method, such as the Kerr
effect, have only been reported in
academics.

EVOLUTION OF LiDAR USED BY ROBOTIC CARS
Reference
Number of channels
Range / m
Point per second
Power consumption /W
Weight / kg
Price / $
HDL-64E
64
120
1,300,000
60
12.7
70,000 est.
OS2-64
64
240
1,310,720
14- 20
0.93
20,000 est.
64 lasers and 64
photodetectors assembled
on several boards.
Up to 128 lasers and 128
photodetectors on two chips.
From 2017 to 2020, the LiDAR technology used by robotic cars have
evolved drastically. TheVelodyne HDL-64E integrated 64 lasers and 64
photodetectors assembled on several boards. On the other hand,
Ouster uses up to 128 lasers (VCSEL) and up to 128 photodetectors
(SPAD) on two single chips assembled on a single board.The weight is
decreased from 12.7 kg to 930 g.
Courtesy of Velodyne Courtesy of Ouster

13
SILICON PHOTONICS FOR LiDAR
Performances
Recently,
silicon
photonics
LiDAR has
performed
impressively in
small
packages.
Courtesy of Baba Lab, Yokohama University
In March 2020, the new iPad
included a LiDAR scanner.
This could be a great opportunity
for silicon photonics LiDAR.
The silicon photonics LiDAR from Baba Lab/Yokohama University integrates OPA scanning,
lasers, a modulator, and photodetectors on a single chip.
Courtesy of SiLC
At CES 2020, SiLC partnered with
Varroc Lighting Systems to integrate its
FMCW LiDAR into a headlamp.
Courtesy of SiLC
Also at CES 2020, SiLC demonstrated
the operation of its FMCW above
200m, capable of measuring crosswalks
at 220m and 2-inch objects at 190m.
Courtesy of Apple

LiDAR TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP FOR ADASVEHICLES
2000 2012 2017 2020+ 2030+
No LiDAR No LiDAR + Short range LiDAR
Audi integrates theValeo Scala with mechanical scanning
and long-range performances (80 m).
Long range LiDAR
Some cars integrate non
scanning laser ranger for AEB
with short range (15 m)
Flash LiDAR usingVCSEL arrives for Short/Mid range (below 80 m).
• MEMS technology is integrated in long-range LiDAR (> 80 m).
• Fiber laser is introduced in long-range LiDAR.
• SPAD array are used for flash LiDAR.
• SiPM is integrated in long range LiDAR.
• FMCW is mature for long range LiDAR.
+ Short-/mid range LiDAR

15
LiDAR MARKET FORECAST BY APPLICATION
2019-2025 Forecast
A 18% CAGR
is expected in
the next 5
years with
automotive as
the main
driver.
2025
$3.8B
Note: ADAS vehicles do not include non scanning LiDAR used in ADAS levels 1 and 2.
ADAS: Advanced Driver Assistance System
CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
$180M
CAGR 12%
$87M
$19M
$1.7B
CAGR 114%
$1.0B
$40M
$390M
$1.3B
CAGR 6%
$44M
CAGR 2%
$567M
CAGR 5%
2019
$1.6B
Robotic vehicles
ADAS vehicles
Topography
Wind
Industry
Total market

LiDAR MARKET SHARE
2019 Market share by revenue
Total market: $1,598M
Trimble
21%
Hexagon AB
19%
Sick AG
13%
Topcon
9%
Velodyne LiDAR
6%
Riegl
5%
Faro
5%
BEA Sensors
3%
Teledyne Optech
3%
Valeo
2%
Ouster
2%
Leosphere
2%
Waymo
1%
Hokuyo
1%
LeddarTech
1%
RoboSense
1%
Hesai
1%
Advanced Scientific
Concepts
1%
Others
5%
2019 LiDAR market share
Company name LiDAR revenue/MUSD
Trimble 333
Hexagon AB 304
Sick AG 202
Topcon 150
Velodyne LiDAR 100
Riegl 85
Faro 72
BEA Sensors 45
Teledyne Optech 42
Valeo 32
Ouster 29
Leosphere 28
Waymo 18
Hokuyo 18
LeddarTech 15
RoboSense 14
Hesai 13
Advanced Scientific Concepts 12
Others 81
• The LiDAR market is dominated by
traditional companies in topography
(Trimble, Hexagon,Topcon) and
factory automation (Sick AG, BEA
Sensors).
• Velodyne has seen its revenue
decline in 2019 due to unit price
reducing. It is a strategy of the
company.
• New comers likeValeo and Ouster
are starting to have LiDAR revenues.
• We estimate thatWaymo produces
LiDAR for its own robotaxis.The
“market” for Waymo corresponds
to the market price of the LiDAR.
• Chinese LiDAR companies like
Hesai, RoboSense and Surestar, have
an established business. Because a
smaller unit price, their market
share in dollars is modest.
*Revenue are for hardware only.

AUTOMOTIVE LiDAR PLAYERS
Israel
Japan
China
Canada
Australia
USA
Europe
Guangshao
Technology
South Korea

AUTOMOTIVE LiDAR ECOSYSTEM
Laser Sources
Optical Elements
Photodetectors
IC
VCSELEEL
MEMS
PD/APD
ADC: Analog Digital Converter
APD: Avalanche Photodiode
EEL: Edge-Emitting Laser
FPGA: Field-Programmable Gate Array
IC: Integrated Circuit
MEMS: Micro-Electro-Mechanical System
PD: Photodiode
SiPM: Silicon Photomultiplier
SoC: System on a Chip
SPAD: Single-Photon Avalanche Diode
VCSEL: Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
SPAD/SiPM
FPGA
Optical filters
Optical systems
ADC
Amplifier
LiDAR Systems
Guangshao
Technology
SoC
Fiber laser

19
Contact our
SalesTeam
for more
information
Sensors for Robotic Mobility
2020
Status of the MEMS Industry
2020
Sensing and Computing for
ADAS vehicles
Artificial Intelligence
Computing for Automotive
3D Imaging & Sensing 2020
YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
Yole Développement

20
Contact our
SalesTeam
for more
information
LeddarVu8:The first off-the-shelf solid state high-
definition LiDAR module from LeddarTech
Valeo SCALA Laser Scanner
Livox Horizon LIDAR
Teardown
Hamamatsu Photodiode and
Laser in Livox’s Horizon LiDAR
YOLE GROUP OF COMPANIES RELATED REPORTS
System Plus Consulting

21
CONTACTS
FINANCIAL SERVICES
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+33 4 72 83 01 80
› Ivan Donaldson - ivan.donaldson@yole.fr
+1 208 850 3914
CUSTOM PROJECT SERVICES
› Jérome Azémar, Yole Développement -
jerome.azemar@yole.fr - +33 6 27 68 69 33
› Julie Coulon, System Plus Consulting -
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GENERAL
› CamilleVeyrier, Marketing & Communication
camille.veyrier@yole.fr - +33 472 83 01 01
› Sandrine Leroy, Public Relations
sandrine.leroy@yole.fr - +33 4 72 83 01 89
› General inquiries: info@yole.fr - +33 4 72 83 01 80
Western US & Canada
Steve Laferriere - steve.laferriere@yole.fr
+ 1 310 600 8267
Eastern US & Canada
ChrisYouman - chris.youman@yole.fr
+1 919 607 9839
Europe and RoW
Lizzie Levenez - lizzie.levenez@yole.fr
+49 15 123 544 182
Benelux, UK & Spain
Marine Wybranietz - marine.wybranietz@yole.fr
+49 69 96 21 76 78
India and RoA
Takashi Onozawa - takashi.onozawa@yole.fr
+81 80 4371 4887
Greater China
MavisWang - mavis.wang@yole.fr
+886 979 336 809 +86 136 6156 6824
Korea
Peter Ok - peter.ok@yole.fr
+82 10 4089 0233
Japan
Miho Ohtake - miho.ohtake@yole.fr
+81 34 4059 204
Japan and Singapore
Itsuyo Oshiba - itsuyo.oshiba@yole.fr
+81 80 3577 3042
Japan
Toru Hosaka – toru.hosaka@yole.fr
+81 90 1775 3866
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