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ESOPHAGUS: BENIGN DISORDERS
Dr Winston Makanga, M.B.Ch.B., M.Med. (Surg)
Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon
Outline
• Surgical gross and microscopic Anatomy
• Physiology of swallowing
• Diseases
• Presentation
• Investigation
• Management
Surgical anatomy
• Propulsion tube distal to UES ~25
• Divided into 3 parts
• 5 anatomical narrowings
• Skeletal muscle proximally
• 2-4 cm intra-abdominal
Microscopy
• Lined by stratified squamous epithelium
• No serosal envelope
Physiology of swallowing
• Pharyngeal phase
• Voluntary
• Coordinated by CN. IX, XII
• Esophageal phase
• Involuntary/peristaltic
• Coordinated by CN. X
• UES and LES are tonic at rest
• Primary vs secondary vs tertiary peristalsis
Spectrum of diseases
• Inflammatory mucosal conditions
• Viral/fungal esophagitis
• Neurological/functional dysphagia
• CVA, bulbar palsy
• Mechanical dysphagia
• Benign: strictures, webs
• Malignant
• Motility disorders
• Scleroderma, Chagas, Achalasia, Diffuse esophageal spasm
• Reflux
• Diverticula
• Zenkers, other diverticulae
• Trauma, corrosive injury
Presentation
• Dysphagia
• Odynophagia
• Chest pain
• Heartburn
Investigation
• CXR, neck ultrasound, blood tests
• Esophaghagogram
• Barium swallow, gastrographin
• Esophagoscopy
• Manometry
• Ph studies
• CT scan: chest, brain…
Management
• Directed to specific cause
• Dilatation
• Bouginage
• Balloon
• Stenting
• Heller’s myotomy
• Esophagectomy
Review
• Anatomy
• Physiology of swallowing
• Diseases
• Presentation
• Investigation
• Management
Thanks

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BENIGN ESOPH.pptx

  • 1. ESOPHAGUS: BENIGN DISORDERS Dr Winston Makanga, M.B.Ch.B., M.Med. (Surg) Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon
  • 2. Outline • Surgical gross and microscopic Anatomy • Physiology of swallowing • Diseases • Presentation • Investigation • Management
  • 3. Surgical anatomy • Propulsion tube distal to UES ~25 • Divided into 3 parts • 5 anatomical narrowings • Skeletal muscle proximally • 2-4 cm intra-abdominal
  • 4. Microscopy • Lined by stratified squamous epithelium • No serosal envelope
  • 5. Physiology of swallowing • Pharyngeal phase • Voluntary • Coordinated by CN. IX, XII • Esophageal phase • Involuntary/peristaltic • Coordinated by CN. X • UES and LES are tonic at rest • Primary vs secondary vs tertiary peristalsis
  • 6. Spectrum of diseases • Inflammatory mucosal conditions • Viral/fungal esophagitis • Neurological/functional dysphagia • CVA, bulbar palsy • Mechanical dysphagia • Benign: strictures, webs • Malignant • Motility disorders • Scleroderma, Chagas, Achalasia, Diffuse esophageal spasm • Reflux • Diverticula • Zenkers, other diverticulae • Trauma, corrosive injury
  • 8. Investigation • CXR, neck ultrasound, blood tests • Esophaghagogram • Barium swallow, gastrographin • Esophagoscopy • Manometry • Ph studies • CT scan: chest, brain…
  • 9.
  • 10. Management • Directed to specific cause • Dilatation • Bouginage • Balloon • Stenting • Heller’s myotomy • Esophagectomy
  • 11. Review • Anatomy • Physiology of swallowing • Diseases • Presentation • Investigation • Management