slide for academic writing

1. Tips for Writing Methods and
Data Analysis
Methodology to be Employed
Data Analysis Plan

3. CHAPTER I: Introduction

4. • Method section should give an account of how the research will/has been carried out:
I. Describing the previously used methods
Many researchers have utilized………………..
Different methods have been proposed…….
II. Indicating the methodology for the current research
The present study adopts quantitative/qualitative/ research design
The current study uses descriptive analysis in order to fulfill the objective….
III. Give reason why a particular method has been adopted
A quantitative approach will be employed since…..
This approach is more suitable when the objective of the study………………
Research Methods Used for Data Collection and Analysis

5. • Research Design
• Descriptive/Analytical/correlational and others (as per the objective of the study)
• Nature and Source of Data
• Nature (qualitative/ Quantitative)
• Population and Sample
• State the size and nature of the population to be studied. Also determine the size of
sample to be considered
• Sampling Design
• How the samples have been chosen (randomly or conveniently or any…..?)
• Data Collection Methods
• Research tools (Questionnaire or checklist????)
• How the data will be collected (face to face interview, online survey or
questionnaire…?

6. • Methods of Data Analysis
• Frequency distribution, Diagram and Charts, Histogram
• Exploratory data analysis (Box and Whisker Diagram and others)
• Descriptive Analysis (Mean, Median, standard deviation, CV, skewness and kurtosis)
• Simple correlation and regression
• Inferential statistics (hypothesis testing)

7. Example
TITLE: ATTITUDE TOWARDS ABROAD STUDY AMONG BBA STUDENTS OF
PRITHVI NARAYA CAMPUS
Objective:
The general objective of this report is to analyze the attitude of BBA
students towards abroad study.
However, the specific objectives are;
• To know the major reasons for abroad study.
• To study the trends of abroad study among students.
• To identify the factor influencing for abroad study.

8. Conceptual Framework
Figure 1
Conceptual Framework Showing the Relationship Between Independent and Dependent Variables

9. Methodology
• Research design
• The research design needed for the study will be descriptive research design.
• The major purpose of descriptive research is to describe characteristics of objects,
people, groups, organization or environments.
• Population and Sample
• Population of the study will be the total number of students (285) studying BBA
odd semester at PN Campus Pokhara.
• Out of total only 60 students (15 from each semester) will be chosen
conveniently. (if possible mention the reason for choosing 60 students???)
• Also describe the characteristics of the respondents (More than half of the
respondents will be female)
• Nature and sources of Data
The nature of data will be quantitative
Both primary and secondary data will be used.

10. Data Collection Tool
• The first three question will be about demographic information and
• Next five questions will utilize the 5 point Likert scale.
• The next one question will be open end to understand their attitude
towards……………………..
Data Collection Methods
• Primary data will be collected from face to face interview
• Secondary data will be collected from website, journal and reports.
Data Analysis Methods
• Frequency distribution, diagram and graphs will/has be (en) used.
• Descriptive statistics (mean, median, correlation) will be used
• Inferential statistics (linear regression model) will also be used to identify the
factors influencing the abroad study.

11. • Data management and analyses will (were) be performed using SPSS
version26.
• Note: For new concepts formula should also be given;
The multiple linear regression equation of dependent variable (X1) on the set
of independent variable X2 and X3 is written as;
X1= a0+a1X1+a2X2……………(1)
where a0=Intercept, a1 and a2 are the slopes.
These coefficients a1, a2, a3 can be estimated using normal equations as in
simple linear regression.

12. CHAPTER II: Data Presentation and Analysis

13. Profile of the Respondents/Organization/Institution
Table 2.1
Gender-wise Classification of Respondents
Gender No. of Respondent Percentage
Male 32 53.33
Female 28 46.67
Total 60 100.00
Source: Field Survey, 2018 ………)
Interpretation: Table 2.1 revealed that gender-wise classification of respondents. The survey showed that
more than half of the respondents (53.3%) were male. It is worth noting that there were more females than males

14. Table 2.2
Age-wise Classification of Respondents
Age No. of. Respondent Percentage
19 6 10.00
20 19 31.67
21 & above 35 58.33
Total 60 100.00
Data Presentation
Highlight the surprising and interesting results
Source: Field Survey, 2018
Interpretation: Table 2.2 showed the percentage of respondents classified according to age. More than 58.0 percent of
respondents were 21 years and above followed by 31.6 percent for age 20.
Do not present the same data by table and diagram at the same time (either frequency distribution or diagram!!!.

15. Australia America Canada UK Others
Series1 28 12 12 4 4
28
12 12
4 4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
No
of
Students
Country
Countries of the Abroad Study
Figure 1
Number of Students Preferring the Countries for the Abroad Study
Interpretation: Figure 1 reveals that about half of the students (28) preferred Australia followed by America and Canada
(12 students) and only four students prefer other countries for their abroad studies.

16. Statement Strongly
agree
1
Agree
2
Neutral
3
Disagree
4
Strongly
disagree
5
Mean
SD
Social factor 20.0 (12) 58.33 (35) 13.33 (8) 3.33 (2) 5.0 (3) 2.15±0.23
Opportunity 15.0 (9) 26.67(16) 28.33(17) 20.0 (12) 10.0 (6) 2.83±0.35
Increase status 25.0 (15) 41.67 (25) 23.33 (14) 8.33 (5) 1.67 (1) 2.22±0.56
Improve life style 28.33 (17) 51.67 (31) 18.33 (18) 0 1.67 (1) 1.95±0.34
Peer Influence 30.0 (18) 38.33 (23) 26.67 (16) 1.67 (1) 3.33 (2) 2.13±0.41
Table 2.3
Reason for Abroad Study Among BBA Students
Source: Field Survey,2018
Interpretation: Table 2.3 shows the students’ attitudes towards the reasons for abroad study. Five
point Likert Scale was used to know the students’ attitudes. The analyses reveal that all the students
were satisfied towards the different dimensions of attitude Measurement. The analyses indicate
that a high proportion of students were satisfied that abroad study the improves the life style
(1.95±0.34) with minimum variation.

17. CHAPTER III: Conclusion and Action Implication