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Forgent Inc. vs. High-Tech Giants Gautam Altekar
Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],Used all over the web Used by most digicams JPEG
Litigants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Does JPEG infringe Forgent’s patent?
JPEG overview ,[object Object],[object Object],JPEG – 100% quality, 83K Original image, 200K JPEG – 1% quality, 1K
Why is the compression so good? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Original image, 200K JPEG – 1% quality, 1K
(1) Isolate high frequency info  Image in the spatial domain Image in the frequency domain 8x8 pixel block Original image Horizontal frequency Vertical frequency
(2) Discard high frequency info ,[object Object],[object Object],Image in the frequency domain Image in the frequency domain after quantization Horizontal frequency Vertical frequency Horizontal frequency Vertical frequency
Forgent’s patent ,[object Object],Size: 8x8x8 = 512 bits Size: 22 bits Image after Forgent’s encoding Does JPEG infringe this patent? 11 100110 0 101 10 1010 0 110 Horizontal frequency Vertical frequency Image in the frequency domain after quantization
Forgent: (1) Run-length encoding ,[object Object],Image after run-length encoding (0,3)(-3) (1,4)(-6) (0,3)(-2) Horizontal frequency Vertical frequency Image in the frequency domain after quantization (0,6)(-26) # of preced. zeros # bits in coefficient coefficient Process in diagonal order
Forgent: (2) Run-length + Huffman coding Run-length encoded image has redundancy (0,3)  (3) (1,4)(-6) (0,3)  (2) (0,6)(-26) Huffman table Run-length + Huffman encoded image 11(-26) 0 (-3)10(-6) 0 (-2) 11 100110  0  101 10 1010  0  110
JPEG infringes Forgent’s patent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Public Patent Foundation (PUBPAT) saves JPEG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
USPTO invalidates the patent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key reason 1: Both use Run-length encoding
USPTO invalidates the patent ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Key reason 2: Both do Huffman on Run-length encoded data Huffman codes
Lessons ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thanks!

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Forgent Inc. v. High-Tech Giants

  • 1. Forgent Inc. vs. High-Tech Giants Gautam Altekar
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6. (1) Isolate high frequency info Image in the spatial domain Image in the frequency domain 8x8 pixel block Original image Horizontal frequency Vertical frequency
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. Forgent: (2) Run-length + Huffman coding Run-length encoded image has redundancy (0,3) (3) (1,4)(-6) (0,3) (2) (0,6)(-26) Huffman table Run-length + Huffman encoded image 11(-26) 0 (-3)10(-6) 0 (-2) 11 100110 0 101 10 1010 0 110
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.

Editor's Notes

  1. Did JPEG create and officialize JPEG?
  2. Sony caved and bought a license Why?
  3. Denote horizontal and vertical frequencies
  4. Key question: Many ways to encode data. Does this overlap with what JPEG does?
  5. How much did Forgent make on royalties?