The document discusses bird migration. It notes that birds migrate to move between areas of high and low resources, such as food and nesting locations. Their migrations are guided by internal biological clocks and cues like day length and hormones. While migration helps birds access favorable conditions, it also exposes them to threats from electromagnetic radiation, food scarcity, and collisions. The document aims to raise awareness of the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation on migratory birds and their importance to ecosystems and cultures. It provides examples of long-distance migratory birds and important bird sanctuaries in India that support migratory species.

2.  “Migration” = (Lt.-Migrara) going from one
place to another
 In birds, migration means two-way
journeys—onward journey from the ‘home’ to
the ‘new’ places and back journey from the
‘new’ places to the ‘home’.

3.  The decision of when to begin a migration is
guided by changes in day lengths,
hormones, and gonad cycles
 Weather and food availability influence daily
decisions of when to move and when to stop
 A sort of ‘internal biological clock’ in them.

4.  Birds migrate to move from areas of low or
decreasing resources to areas of high or
increasing resources.
 To obtain the advantages of the favorable
conditions
 The two primary resources being sought are
food and nesting locations.

5.  Harmful effect of electromagnetic radiation
on the birds
 Affects reproduction of birds
 Creates food scarcity and food
contamination indirectly by affecting insects
 Disturbance in their “Internal Biological
Clock”
 Collision in mid-air flights with aero planes
and helicopters

6. A film which was made to spread awareness among the people about the
harmful effect of electromagnetic radiations on the migratory birds.

7.  Importance due to their economic,
ecological and cultural value.
 They maintain the number of insects in the
environment which in turn reduces the
amount of crops eaten by the insects.

10. Arctic Tern
Swallow

11. Stork
Common
Loons

12. Albatross
Hudsonian
Godwit

13.  About 40% of the total number of the birds are regular
migrants.
 Arctic Tern has the longest migration of any bird. They fly
more than 49,700 miles a year in a round trip between
arctic and Antarctic.
 Bar headed geese are the highest flying migratory birds
reaching altitudes up to five and a half miles above sea
level while flying above India regularly.
 Emus the large Australian birds often travel for miles on
foot to find food and many population of penguins migrate
by swimming.
 The Bar tailed Godwit can fly for nearly 7000 miles without
stopping, making it the bird with the longest recorded
nonstop flight (nearly 8 days).

14.  Indian subcontinent plays host to a number
of migratory birds in summers as well as in
winters.
 It is estimated that over hundred species of
migratory birds fly to India, either in search of
feeding grounds or to escape the severe
winter of their native habitat.
 India plays a role of a temporary house for
Siberian Cranes, Flamingoes, Teal,
Sandpiper and Asian Koel.

15.  Chilika Lake Bird Sanctuary, Orissa
 Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Rajasthan
 Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary, Kerala
 Mayani Bird Sanctuary, Maharashtra
 Nal Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Gujarat

16.  Migration is a bird’s basic need.
 They migrate in order to survive.
 They have positive effects on the
environment of the place where they
migrate.
 Humans pose damage to the migratory birds
by using electro magnetic radiations. So we
should lower the use of Electro magnetic
radiation in order to protect our flying friends.

17.  By Abdul kalam Group 😁😄