The document discusses tears as a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. It summarizes a study that collected tear samples from 14 Alzheimer's patients and 9 healthy older adults as a control group. Various techniques were used to analyze the tear samples, including SDS-PAGE, proteomics, spectrophotometry, and HPLC. The results found differences in protein concentrations and identifications between the two groups, suggesting certain tear proteins could serve as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. The conclusion states that tears are a viable source for non-invasive biomarkers and could help with early diagnosis and economic aspects if used to test for Alzheimer's.

2. Sebastián Arbeláez Montoya
Valentina Benítez Bedoya
Third semester

3. Introduction
"Ask for a hand to shake his, a heart to look after
him and a mind to think for him when he can not
do it ; someone to protect you on your journey
through the dangerous twists and turns of the
maze”
Diana Friel, 1994

4. Alzheimer disease
Is the most common forms of dementia in the
grown adult population.
Patients most often present with an insidious
loss of episodic memory followed by a slowly
progressive dementia that evolves over years
http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/content.aspx?sectionid=79755539&bookid=1130&R
esultclick=2

5. https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/2015/10/08/alzheimers-
disease/

6. Other problems
• Difficulty with language
• Difficulty decision making
• Loss of motor control
• Incontinence
• Mutism http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.consultaremota.upb.edu.co/co
ntent.aspx?sectionid=61905763&bookid=1094&Resultclick=2

7. The etiology of AD still unknown

8. Biomarker
Is an event that occurs in a biological
system and is interpreted as an indicator
of health status , life expectancy or the
risk of disease.
www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rfnsp/v30n1/v30n1a09.pdf

9. • Detecting the presence of an exhibition
• Determine the biological consequences of
exposure
• Detect early and intermediate stages of a
pathological process
• Identify sensitive individuals in a population
• Allow more effective treatments

10. Relation
• The relation between tears and Alzheimer
disease lays in the affection of the entire
visual system, which also covers tear
production and its protein composition
making them a potential biomarker into the
diagnosis of this disease.

11. Objective
Determine if tears could be a possible
biomarker in diagnosis of Alzheimer 's
disease

12. Metodos
Colección de la muestra: 23 Pacientes
14
Enfermedad de Alzheimer
9
pacientes control de la misma edad
No signos deterioro cognitivo
Consentimiento informado
Consentimiento informado
Cuidador
Hombres – Mujeres Hombres – Mujeres2:1 1:1
Edad promedio 77 años Edad promedio 72 años
Recolección de muestras no traumática.

14. SDS-PAGE
• Migración de partículas o solutos cargados en
un medio líquido, bajo el efecto de un campo
eléctrico.
• Se utilizó para medir la concentración de
proteínas en cada muestra de lagrimas.

15. Proteomica
Se utilizo para identificar los peptidos de las proteinas
• Lipocalina- 1
• Lactotransferrina
• Glicoproteina lactirrina extracelular
• Lisosima C
• Lipofilina A
• Ig chain C region
• Prolactina inducible
• Zn alfa 2 glucoproteina
• Dermicina
Separación e identificación de varias proteínas de una
misma muestra simultáneamente.

16. Espectrofotometría
• Relación que existe entre la absorción de luz
por parte de un compuesto y su
concentración.
• Se analizaron 37 muestras de lágrimas, al
mismo voltaje, gas y temperatura.
• Se analizaron los datos para mirar la
relevancia de P .

17. HPLC Cromatografía
liquida
Separación de componentes de una mezcla
• Fase móvil: se inyecta la muestra
• Fase Fija: las proteínas migran de acuerdo a
las interacciones no covalentes con esta fase.
Utilizada para la identificación de proteínas con
2 péptidos con un mínimo de 95% de confianza

18. Resultados

21. 5-7 Koronyo Hamaoui Et al.
Armstrong RA. Et al.
There are extensive ocular
alterations related to Alzheimer
disease
47 Wiesner J. Et al. The protein that increases the
most in AD is Dermicin.
22 Zhoul L. Et al. Tear fluid provides a viable
source of being a biomarker,
because of its high protein
content
41-43 Sugi K. Et al.
Mumcu G. Et al.
There are alterations of the
chemical barrier by different
stimuli and pathological
conditions

22. Conclusion
• Obtaining non - invasive biomarkers is helpful for
future diagnoses, as it decreases the risk of
alteration.
• It should have been introduced in the
complementary tests study patients to check the
relationship of these biomarkers with AD
– Psychological tests
– Motor skills tests
– Visual test
– Others

23. Conclusion
• Investigating and start using tears as trustable
biomarkers for Alzheimer disease, would help
not just the patient wellbeing without invasive
process, but also the economic aspects in
diagnosing the pathology.
• With this I could recognize that tears are not
just for eye lubrication, but also it can have a
really good applicability in the medical
aspects such as diagnosing diseases.

26. Bibliografía y cibergrafia
• MEDLINEPLUS, enfermedad de alzheimer. Retribuido a:
https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html
• Alzheimer’s Disease. Retribuido a:
https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa15/2015/10/08/alzheimers-
disease/
• UPB, bases de datos upb. Retribuido a:
http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com.consultaremota.upb.e
du.co/content.aspx?sectionid=79755539&bookid=1130&Resu
ltclick=2
• REVISION DE TEMA, Biomarcadores para la evaluacion de
riesgo en la salud humana. Retribuido a:
www.scielo.org.co/pdf/rfnsp/v30n1/v30n1a09.pdf
• DEFINICIONDE, definición de relay. Retribuido a:
http://definicion.de/relay/