Article

1. 1
ASSESSMENT OF THE PROVISION AND MAINTENANCE OF
INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF SECONDARY
SCHOOL IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA.
BY
Dr. Musa Muhammad Ibrahim
Department of Educational Foundations and Curriculum
Faculty of Education
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
08034976985, 08037380406
E.mal.musaibraheemol@gmail.com.,
&
Akaa Iortyer Silas
Department of Educational Foundations and Curriculum
Faculty of Education
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
08066250584, 09062140556
akaaiortyersilas@gmail.com

2. 2
ABSTRACT
This research study focused on the “Assessment of Provision and Maintenance Infrastructural
facilities on the Management of Secondary School in Kaduna State, Nigeria”. Two (2) research
objectives were set to guide the study, which include to assess the provision of infrastructural
facilities on the Management of Secondary School in Kaduna State, Nigeria; examine the
Maintenance Infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna
State. Two (2) research questions and two (2) research hypotheses were formulated to guide
the study, which were in line with the stated objectives of the study. Descriptive survey research
design was used for the study. The population for the study was 8255 respondents which
consisted of 407 principals, 7634 senior secondary school teachers, and 214 ministry of
education supervisors in Kaduna State. Simple random sampling technique was used to select
365 sample respondents for the study which include 36 principals, 305 teachers and 24 ministry
of education supervisors in Kaduna State. Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study.
The instrument was validated by experts in the field of Educational Measurement and
Evaluation and the reliability index stood at 0.79 using Cronbach’s Alpha Formula. Descriptive
statistics of frequency counts were used to analyze the bio-data of the respondents, while mean
was used to answer the research question. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the
hypotheses formulated at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that
there was adequate provision of infrastructural facilities such as classrooms, libraries, desk,
seats, laboratories, and examinations halls for the management of secondary schools in Kaduna
state. The findings also revealed that infrastructural facilities such as classrooms, libraries,
desk, seats, laboratories, and examinations halls were not adequately maintained for the
management of secondary schools in Kaduna state. The study recommended that Kaduna
State Government should made available and adequate of all infrastructural facilities such as
workshops for practical, exams offices, and laboratories among others for teaching and
learning. Both staff and students need to be thoroughly sensitized through seminars on the best
approach to maintain of available instructional materials so as to help the principals excel in
school management of maintenance practices.

3. 3
Introduction
The quality of education delivered by teachers and the academic achievements of
students of any educational institutions depend on several factors of which school plant
facilities are paramount. Secondary school facilities can be defined as the entire secondary
plant which secondary schools administrators, academic staff and non-academic staff, students
hardness, allocate and utilize for the smooth and efficient maintenance of any educational
institutions, for the main objective of bringing about effective and purposeful teaching and
learning experience. Secondary school facilities serve as pillars of support for effective
teaching and learning. Secondary school facilities to include permanent and semi-permanent
structures such as machinery, laboratory equipment, the blackboard, teachers tools, e-book
library, furniture and library still pictures, chairs, tables, projectors, computers, games, sporting
facilities, lecture halls, accommodations, and other equipment as well as consumables.
Infrastructural facilities play pivotal role in the actualization of educational goals and
objectives by satisfying the physical and emotional needs of the staff and students of the school.
Asiabaka (2008) emphasized that the physical needs are met through provision of safe
structure, adequate sanitary facilities, a balanced visual environment, appropriate thermal
environment and sufficient shelter space for his work and play. Infrastructural facilities include
buildings such as administrative block, laboratory, stores, sick-bay, records, office, school
shop, library, music room, cafes as well as storage house, electricity, water supply, sport field.
Schools are usually set up to provide an environment for teaching and learning, the
effectiveness of which requires several factors to be put in place. These factors include a good
curriculum, well trained teachers, teaching aids, a good learning environment furnish with
infrastructural facilities, amongst others. It is generally agreed that the quality of education
delivered by teachers and the academic performance of students in any school is dependent on
the above factors which infrastructural facilities are very paramount. Good quality and standard

4. 4
of a secondary depends largely on the availability and adequacy, utilization and maintenance
of educational facilities. Educational curriculum cannot be sound and well operated with poor
and badly managed school facilities. In Kaduna state, it is observed that free basic education
policy of the present administration has brought about population explosion without
corresponding increase in the provision of school infrastructural facilities has contributed to
poor academic performance of students in schools. In this regard, Chike-Okoli (2007) observed
that inadequate infrastructural facilities such as accommodation, furniture, school building
among others have caused riots among students in some schools in Nigeria and have
contributed to poor performance of students. Our schools can only be what we want them to be
if only proper steps are taken in the provision of all that will make teaching and learning
effective.
It is against this background therefore, that this research study focused on the
assessment of the provision and maintenance of infrastructural facilities on the management of
secondary schools in Kaduna state.
Statement of the Problem
Since independence in Nigeria, secondary schools enrolment has continued to increase
without a corresponding increase in facilities for effective teaching and learning. This has put a
considerable strain on facilities in most secondary schools in the country. The number of facilities
like library, laboratory, instructional and infrastructural facilities available for education remains
inadequate for the eligible number of students. This is more prevalent in urban areas where there
is population pressure. Most of the school facilities available today were not planned properly;
hence provision were not made for expansions, renovations, increased utility rate and other
environmental factors. Observations by the researcher indicates that school infrastructural facilities
in use today were built some thirty to forty years ago and cannot last for the next fifteen years,
because they have not been maintained over the years and now old and weak.

5. 5
In the recent times, Federal Government of Nigeria has introduced Free Basic Education
policy across the states of the federation. This has tremendously brought about rapid increase in
student’s enrolment rate not only in primary schools but also in secondary schools all over the
country. The resultants effect of this, as observed by the researcher, is that available educational
facilities in secondary schools are not adequate to accommodate this enrolment rate. In Kaduna
state, it is observed that free basic education policy of the present administration has brought
about population explosion without corresponding increase in the provision of school
infrastructural facilities has contributed to poor academic performance of students in schools.
In regards, Chike-Okoli (2007) observed that inadequate infrastructural facilities such as
accommodation, furniture, laboratories among others have caused riots among students in some
schools in Nigeria and contributed to poor school management.
Frightening is the report by Ahmed (2009) on the survey of secondary schools in
Kaduna State, which revealed that 2% of secondary schools in the state have partial roofs, 15%
have their walls falling, 65% needed doors to be repaired, and 25% had no windows in place.
This situation is sympathetic and will not augur well for realization of educational aims and
objectives which Federal Government of Nigeria in general and Kaduna State government in
particular is clamouring for by the year 2030. It is against this background that this research
work focused on the assessment of the provision and maintenance of infrastructural facilities
on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna state.
Research Questions
The following questions were formulated to guide the conduct of the study.
1. What are the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School Supervisors in the provision
of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State?

6. 6
2. What are the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School Supervisors in the
maintenance of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary schools in
Kaduna State?
Research Hypothesis
The following hypotheses were formulated to guide the conduct of the study:
1. There is no significance difference in the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School
Supervisors on the provision of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary
schools in Kaduna State
2. There is no significance difference in the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School
Supervisors in the maintenance of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary
schools in Kaduna State.
Research Methodology
Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The population for the
study was 8255 respondents which consisted of 407 principals, 7634 senior secondary
school teachers, and 214 ministry of education supervisors in Kaduna State. Simple random
sampling technique was used to select 365 sample respondents for the study which include
36 principals, 305 teachers and 24 ministry of education supervisors in Kaduna State.
Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by the
experts in the field of Educational Measurement and Evaluation and the reliability index
stood at 0.93 using Cronbach’s Alpha Formula. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts
were used to analyze the bio-data of the respondents, while mean was used to answer the
research question. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses
formulated at the 0.05 level of significance.
Responses to the Research Questions

7. 7
This section presents the analysis and discussion of data related to the research questions
raised. In other words, this section analyzed the responses of the respondents using frequency
tables, simple percentages and mean.
Research Question One
What are the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School Supervisors in the provision of
infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State?
Table1: Opinions of Respondents on the Assessment of Provision of Infrastructural
Materials on the Management of Secondary Schools in Kaduna State
S/N Item statement Categories of
Respondents
SA
F %
A
F %
U
F %
D
F %
SD
F %
M
1 There is adequate provision of
classrooms for learning which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
40 13.5
4 12.9
1 4.8
54 18.2
4 12.9
7 33.3
68 23.0
9 29.0
5 23.8
102 34.5
10 32.3
7 33.3
32 10.8
4 12.9
1 4.8
2.89
2. There is adequate provision of
libraries for learning which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
33 11.1
3 9.7
1 4.8
50 16.9
5 16.1
4 19.0
55 18.8
2 6.5
3 14.3
92 31.1
11 35.5
12 57.1
66 22.3
10 32.3
1 4.8
2.61
3 There is adequate provision of
laboratories which enhances
the management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
92 31.1
8 25.8
5 23.8
79 26.7
8 25.8
8 38.1
29 9.8
4 12.9
0 0
57 19.3
5 16.1
7 33.3
39 13.2
6 19.4
1 4. 8
3.41
4 There is adequate provision of
furniture such as desk and seats
for which enhances the
management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
115 52.4
10 32.3
8 38.1
117 39.5
20 64.5
10 47.6
15 5.1
0 0
1 4.8
9 3.0
1 3.2
2 9.5
0 0
0 0
0 0
4.38
5 There is adequate provision of
dining halls which enhances
the management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
98 33.1
12 38.7
6 28.6
164 55.4
14 45.2
11 52.4
18 6.1
3 9.7
3 14.3
14 4.7
2 6.5
1 4.8
2 0.7
0 0
0 0
4.15
6 There is adequate provision of
examinations halls which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
117 39.5
12 38.7
9 42.9
134 45.3
17 54.8
8 38.1
27 9.1
1 3.2
2 9.5
16 5.4
1 3.2
1 4.8
2 0.7
1 3.2
0 0
4.18

8. 8
7 There is adequate provision of
exams offices for administrative
works which enhances the
management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
105 35.5
13 41. 9
5 23.8
140 47.3
13 41.9
9 42.9
28 9.5
3 9.7
4 19.0
23 7.8
1 3.2
3 14.3
0 0
7 22.6
3 14.3
4.09
8 There is adequate provision of
workshops for practical which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
21 7.1
3 9.7
0 0
78 26.4
6 19.4
8 38.1
47 15.9
8 25.8
14 19.0
103 34.8
10 32.3
6 28.6
47 15.9
4 12.9
3 14.3
2.75
9 There is adequate provision of
computer laboratories for
learning which enhances the
management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
15 5.1
2 6.5
1 4.8
65 22.0
6 19.4
5 23.8
50 16.9
6 19.4
4 19.0
110 37.2
10 32.3
10 47.6
56 18.9
7 22.6
1 4.8
2.58
10 There is adequate provision of
assembly hall which enhances
the management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
16 5.4
3 9.7
1 4.8
25 8.4
2 6.5
5 23.8
7 2.4
1 3.2
0 0
145 49.0
15 48 .4
9 42.9
99 32.3
10 32.3
6 28.6
2.04
Table 1, shows the opinions of respondents of the assessment of provision of
instructional materials on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State. Item one
sought the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate provision of classrooms for
teaching and learning which enhances the management of the secondary schools. The result
shows that 40 teachers 4 principals and 1 school supervisors that represent 13.5% 12.9%, and
4.8% of the total respondents respectively strongly agree while 54 teachers, 4 principals and 7
school supervisor that represent 18.2%, 12.9% and 33.3% of the total respondents respectively
agree that there is adequate provision of classrooms for teaching and learning which enhances
the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State. On item two assessed the opinions of
respondents on whether there is adequate provision of libraries for teaching and learning which
improved the management of secondary schools. The results shows that 33 teachers, 3
principals, and 1 school supervisor that represent 54.5%, 45.5% and 39.1% of the total
respondents strongly agree that there is adequate provision of libraries for learning which
promotes the management of secondary schools. 55 teachers, 2 principals and 3 school
supervisors that represent 10.5%, 13.5% and 17.4% of total respondents did not make any
decision on the statement.
Item three sought the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate provision
of laboratories for learning which improve the management of secondary schools. The results
shows that 151 teachers, 17 principals and 9 school supervisors that represent 54.5%, 45.9%,
and 39.1% of the total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82 teachers,11 principals

9. 9
and 9 school supervisors of the total respondents agree that there is adequate provision of
laboratories for learning which improve the management of secondary schools. 29 teachers, 5
principals and 4 school +supervisors’ respondents strongly disagree with the statement.
Item four investigated the opinions on whether there is adequate provision of furniture
for teaching and learning which promote the management of secondary schools. The result
shows that there is adequate provision of maps for teaching and learning which promotes the
management of secondary schools. The result shows that 54.5% teachers, 45.9% principals and
39.1% of school supervisors respectively agree that there is adequate provision of furniture
which enhance the management of secondary schools while 10.5% teachers, 13.5% principals
and 17.4% school supervisors of total respondents did not make any decision on the statement.
Also, 11 teachers, 3 principals and 1 school supervisors disagree with the statement.
Item five sought the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate provision
of dining halls which enhances the management of secondary schools. The result shows that
151teachers, 17 principals, and 9 school supervisors that represent 29.6%, 29.9%, and 39.1%
of the total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82 teachers, 11 principals and 9
school supervisors that represent 29.6%, 29.7%, and 39.1% of the total respondents
respectively agree that there is adequate provision of dining halls which enhance the
management of secondary schools. Item six which sought the opinions of whether there is
adequate provision of examination halls and exams offices for administrative work for teaching
and learning which improves the management of secondary schools. The results agree that
there are adequate provision of flannel, diagrams and computers for the teaching and learning
which improves management of secondary schools with the mean score of 4.18, this indicated
that majority of the respondents were of opinion that there is adequate provision of examination
halls which promote the management of secondary schools.
Item seven sought the opinions of respondents of whether there is adequate provision
of exams offices for administrative works which enhance the management of secondary
schools. The results that 151 teachers, 17 principals and 9 schools supervisors that represent
54.5%, 45.9%, and 39.1% of the total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82
teachers, 11 principals and 9 schools supervisors that represent 29.65%, 29.7% and 39.1% of
the total respondents respectively agree that there is adequate provision of exam offices.
Item eight investigated the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate provision
of workshops for practical works which promote the management of secondary schools. The
result shows that 151 teachers, 17 principals, and 9 schools supervisor that represent 54.5%,
45.9% and 39.1% of total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82 teachers,11

10. 10
principals and schools supervisors that re-present 29.6%, 29.7% and 39.1% of the total
respondents respectively strongly agree that there is adequate provision of workshops for
practical works for the teaching and learning which improves the management of secondary
schools. Item nine and ten investigated the opinions on whether there is adequate provision of
computer laboratories for the teaching and learning which enhances the management of
secondary schools. The results shows that 151 teachers, 17 principals, and 9 schools supervisor
that represent 54.5%, 45.9% and 39.1% of total respondents respectively strongly agree while
82 teachers, 11 principals and schools supervisors that represent 29.6%, 29.7% and 39.1% of
the total respondents respectively strongly agree there is adequate provision of computer
laboratories for the teaching and learning which enhances the management of secondary
schools.
Item nine and ten investigated the opinions on whether there is adequate provision of
assembly halls for teaching and learning which improves the management of secondary
schools. The result shows that 151 teachers, 17 principals, and 9 schools supervisor that
represent 54.5%, 45.9% and 39.1% of total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82
teachers, 11 principals and schools supervisors that represent 29.6%, 29.7% and 39.1% of the
total respondents respectively strongly agree there is adequate provision assembly halls for
teaching and learning which improves the management of secondary schools.
Research Question Two
What are the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School Supervisors in the
maintenance of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna
State?

11. 11
Table2: Opinions of Respondents on the Assessment of Maintenance of Infrastructural
Facilities on the Management of Secondary Schools in Kaduna State
S/N Item statement Categories of
Respondents
SA
F %
A
F %
U
F %
D
F %
SD
F %
M
1 There is adequate maintenance
of classrooms for learning
which enhances the
management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
41 13.9
3 9.7
2 9.5
49 16.6
4 12.9
4 19.0
11 3.7
3 9.7
2 9.5
115 38.9
15 48.4
9 42.9
80 27.0
6 19.4
4 19.0
2.51
2. There is adequate maintenance
of libraries for learning which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
36 12.2
3 9.7
3 14.3
79 26.7
8 25.8
5 23.8
38 12.8
7 22.6
7 33.3
76 25.7
8 25.8
6 28.6
67 22.6
5 16.1
0 0
2.83
3 There is adequate maintenance
of laboratories which enhances
the management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
33 11.1
5 16.1
2 9.5
76 25.7
5 16.1
7 33.3
42 14.2
7 22.6
7 33.3
93 31.4
8 25.8
3 14.4
52 17.6
6 19.4
2 9. 5
3.84
4 There is adequate maintenance
of furniture such as desk and
seats for which enhances the
management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
49 16.6
4 12.9
1 4.8
56 18.9
4 12.9
6 28.6
68 23.0
7 22.6
7 33.3
93 31.4
10 32.3
6 28.6
30 10.1
6 19.4
1 4.8
2.97
5 There is adequate maintenance
of dining halls which enhances
the management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
34 11.5
3 9.7
1 4.8
44 14.9
5 16.1
4 19.0
64 21.6
3 9.7
4 19.0
84 28.4
12 38.7
9 42.9
70 23.6
8 25.8
3 14.3
2.60
6 There is adequate maintenance
of examinations halls which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
113 38.2
8 25.
5 23.8
64 21.6
9 29.0
7 33.3
27 18.2
3 9.7
0 0
54 18.2
6 19.4
8 38.1
38 12.8
5 16.1
1 4.8
3.51

12. 12
7 There is adequate maintenance
of exams offices for
administrative works which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
114 48.6
16 51. 6
13 61.9
108 36.5
13 41.9
7 33.3
18 6.1
1 3.2
1 4.8
24 8.1
1 3.2
0 0
2 0.7
0 0
0 0
4.28
8 There is adequate maintenance
of workshops for practical
which enhances the
management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
62 20.9
5 16.1
3 14.3
77 26.0
6 19.4
6 28.6
50 16.9
8 25.8
7 33.3
69 23.3
8 25.8
6 9.5
38 12.8
4 12.9
3 14.3
3.17
9 There is adequate maintenance
of computer laboratories for
learning which enhances the
management of secondary
schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
50 16.9
6 19.4
3 14.3
74 25.0
5 16.1
5 23.8
50 16.9
5 15.5
4 33.3
80 27.0
9 29.0
4 19.0
42 14.2
6 19.4
2 9.5
3.03
10 There is adequate maintenance
of assembly hall which
enhances the management of
secondary schools
Teachers
Principals
Supervisors
168 56.8
17 54.8
12 57.1
11 37.5
11 35.5
7 33.3
9 3.0
1 3.2
1 4. 8
8 2.7
2 6 .5
1 4.8
0 0
0 0
0 0
4.47
Table 2 shows the opinions of respondents on the assessment of maintenance of infrastructural
facilities on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State. Item one sought the
opinions whether there is adequate utilization of classrooms for learning which enhances the
management of secondary schools. The result shows that 135 teachers, 11 principals, and 7
schools supervisor that represent 45.6%, 35.5% and 33.3% of total respondents respectively
strongly agree while 116 teachers, 16 principals and 12 schools supervisors that represent
39.2%, 51.6% and 57.1% of the total respondents respectively strongly agree there is adequate
maintenance of classrooms for teaching and learning which improves the management of
secondary schools. The item assess the opinions respondents whether there is adequate
maintenance of libraries which enhances the management of secondary schools. The results
shows The result shows that 33 teachers, 2 principals, and 4 schools supervisor that represent
11.1%, 6.5% and 19.0% of total respondents respectively strongly agree while 59 teachers, 10
principals and 5 schools supervisors that represent 19.9%, 32.3% and 23.8% of the total
respondents respectively strongly agree there is adequate maintenance of libraries for teaching
and learning which improves the management of secondary schools.

13. 13
Item three sought the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate maintenance
of laboratories for learning which improve the management of secondary schools. The results
shows that 151 teachers, 17 principals and 9 school supervisors that represent 54.5%, 45.9%,
and 39.1% of the total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82 teachers,11 principals
and 9 school supervisors of the total respondents agree that there is adequate maintenance of
laboratories for learning which improve the management of secondary schools.
Item four investigated the opinions on whether there is adequate maintenance of
furniture for teaching and learning which promote the management of secondary schools. The
result shows that there is adequate provision of maps for teaching and learning which promotes
the management of secondary schools. The result shows that 54.5% teachers, 45.9% principals
and 39.1% of school supervisors respectively agree that there is adequate provision of furniture
which enhance the management of secondary schools while 10.5% teachers, 13.5% principals
and 17.4% school supervisors of total respondents did not make any decision on the statement.
Also, 11 teachers, 3 principals and 1 school supervisors disagree with the statement.
Item five sought the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate maintenance
of dining halls which enhances the management of secondary schools. The result shows that
151 teachers, 17 principals, and 9 school supervisors that represent 29.6%, 29.9%, and 39.1%
of the total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82 teachers, 11 principals and 9
school supervisors that represent 29.6%, 29.7%, and 39.1% of the total respondents
respectively agree that there is adequate provision of dining halls which enhance the
management of secondary schools. Item six which sought the opinions of respondents whether
there is adequate provision of examination halls and exams offices for administrative work for
teaching and learning which improves the management of secondary schools. The results agree
that there are adequate provision of flannel, diagrams and computers for the teaching and
learning which improves management of secondary schools with the mean score of 4.18, this
indicated that majority of the respondents were of opinion that there is adequate maintenance
of examination halls which promote the management of secondary schools.
Item seven sought the opinions of respondents of whether there is adequate
maintenance of exams offices for administrative works which enhance the management of
secondary schools. The results that 151 teachers, 17 principals and 9 schools supervisors that
represent 54.5%, 45.9%, and 39.1% of the total respondents respectively strongly agree while
82 teachers, 11 principals and 9 schools supervisors that represent 29.65%, 29.7% and 39.1%
of the total respondents respectively agree that there is adequate maintenance of exam offices.

14. 14
Item eight investigated the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate
maintenance of workshops for practical works which promote the management of secondary
schools. The result shows that 151 teachers, 17 principals, and 9 schools supervisor that
represent 54.5%, 45.9% and 39.1% of total respondents respectively strongly agree while 82
teachers, 11 principals and schools supervisors that re-present 29.6%, 29.7% and 39.1% of the
total respondents respectively strongly agree that there is adequate maintenance of workshops
for practical works for the teaching and learning which improves the management of secondary
schools. Item nine and ten investigated the opinions on whether there is adequate maintenance
of computer laboratories for the teaching and learning which enhances the management of
secondary schools. The results shows that 151 teachers, 17 principals, and 9 schools supervisor
that represent 54.5%, 45.9% and 39.1% of total respondents respectively strongly agree while
82 teachers, 11 principals and schools supervisors that represent 29.6%, 29.7% and 39.1% of
the total respondents respectively strongly agree there is adequate maintenance of computer
laboratories for the teaching and learning which enhances the management of secondary
schools.
Finally, Item ten which sought the opinions of respondents on whether there is adequate
maintenance of workshops for practical work, computer laboratories and assembly hall which
enhances the management of secondary schools. The result shows that 151 teachers, 17
principals, and 9 schools supervisor that represent 54.5%, 45.9% and 39.1% of total
respondents respectively strongly agree while 82 teachers, 11 principals and schools
supervisors that re-present 29.6%, 29.7% and 39.1% of the total respondents respectively
strongly agree that there is adequate maintenance of workshops for practical works for the
teaching and learning which improves the management of secondary schools. 29 teachers, 5
principals and 4 school supervisors that represent 10.5%, 13.5% and 17.4% and 17.4% of total
respondents did not make any decision on the statement. Also, 11 teachers, 3 principals
respectively disagree while 4 teachers and 3 principals that represent 1.3% and 2.7% of the
total respondents respectively disagree while 4 teachers and 3 principals that represent 1.4%
and 2.7% of total respondents respectively strongly disagree with the statement. With the mean
score of 2.82, this indicated that majority of the respondents were of opinion that there is no
adequate maintenance of assembly hall which enhance the management of secondary schools.
Hypotheses Testing
This section presents the summary of the hypotheses testing in line with the raised
objectives and formulated null hypotheses of the study. The two null hypotheses were tested

15. 15
by the use of parametric statistics of One- Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 0.05 percent
level of significance. By this, when the probability value was lower than 0.05level of
significance set for the study, the hypothesis was rejected, but when the probability value was
higher than the level of significance, the hypothesis is retained.
Hypothesis One
There is no significance difference in the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School
Supervisors on the provision of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary
schools in Kaduna State
Table1 revealed the opinions of principals, teachers and school Supervisors on the provision
of infrastructural facilities in secondary school in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Table 3: Provision of Infrastructural Facilities in Secondary Schools in Kaduna State
Groups Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F- r F-cr Sig.
Between Groups 0.188 2 0.094
0.429 3.03 0.651
Within
Groups
75.604 345 0.219
Total 75.792 347
Table 3 shows the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test revealed that the calculated Sig.
(p) value of 0.651 is greater than 0.05 level of significant set for the study, while the calculated
f-value of 0.429 is less than the 3.03 f- critical value. Hence, the null hypotheses is hereby
retained. Therefore, there is no significant difference in the opinions of the respondents in the
provision of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State.
Hypotheses Two

16. 16
There is no significance difference in the opinions of Principals, Teachers and School
Supervisors on the utilization of infrastructural facilities on the management of secondary
schools in Kaduna State.
Table 4 revealed the opinions of principals, teachers and school Supervisors on the
maintenance of infrastructural facilities in secondary school in Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Table 4: Maintenance of Infrastructural Facilities in Secondary Schools in Kaduna State
Groups Sum of
Squares
df Mean
Square
F-r F-cr Sig.
Between Groups 0.179 2 0.089
0.540 3.03 0.583
Within
Groups
57.107 345 0.166
Total 57.286 347
Table 2 revealed that the calculated Sig. (p) value of 0.583 is greater than 0.05 level of
significant set for the study, while the calculated f-value of 0.540 is less than the 3.03 f- critical
value. Hence, the null hypotheses is hereby retained. Therefore, there is no significant
difference in the opinions of the respondents in the maintenance of on the management of
secondary schools in Kaduna State.
Summary of the Major Findings
Based on the data collected and analysed, the following were the major findings of the study.
1. There was inadequate provision of infrastructural facilities such as classrooms, furniture
and examination hall for the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State as it
revealed that the calculated significance (p) value of 0.651 is greater than the 0.05 level
of significant set for the study.
2. Infrastructural facilities such as classrooms, libraries, and laboratories were not
maintained for the management of secondary schools in Kaduna State as it revealed that

17. 17
the calculated significance (p) value of 0.583 is greater than the 0.05 level of significant
set for the study.
Discussion of Major Findings
Based on the opinions of the respondents, the findings of the study revealed that there
was inadequate provision of infrastructural facilities such as classrooms, furniture and
examination halls for the management of secondary school Kaduna State. This finding is in
line with the finding of the research conducted by Adamu (2016) who carried out a research on
the “Stakeholders Perception on the Influence of School Plant on Students Performance in
Secondary Schools in Kaduna State, Nigeria” and he discovered that infrastructural facilities
were inadequately provided in secondary schools. However, contrary to this finding, Udosen
(2015) on the “Perception of Stakeholders on the Provision and Maintenance of School Plant
in Secondary Schools in Kaduna Metropolis“ revealed that infrastructural facilities were
adequately provided in secondary schools. Although Ajayi (2010) conducted a research on the
“Evaluation of School Plant Planning and Student’s Learning Outcomes in South-West
Nigeria” and his study revealed that effective school plant planning particularly instructional
space planning and adequate provision of instructional facilities improve achievement of
student’s performances. The study revealed that instructional materials such as projectors,
computers, models and specimens were not adequately provided for the management of
secondary school education in Kaduna State
The study revealed that infrastructural facilities such as library, laboratory,
accommodation and staff offices were not adequately maintained for the management of the
secondary schools in Kaduna State. This finding is in line with the finding of the research
conducted by Adamu (2016) who carried out a research on the “Stakeholders Perception on the
Influence of School Plant on the Student Performance in Secondary Schools in Kaduna State,

18. 18
Nigeria” and he discovered that adequate maintenance infrastructural facilities enhances the
performance of students in secondary schools.
Conclusion
From the findings of this study, the conclusion is that secondary schools in Kaduna
State have inadequate school plant facilities which include forming committees, ensuring good
use of school plants, making staff aware of available plants, making staff sign to use equipment
and facilities, and others. They are, however, highly constrained by lack of funds to plan and
procure necessary school facilities for their schools or organize training for proper maintenance
of existing and newly acquired school plant facilities.
Recommendations
Based on the conclusion and implications of the findings, the following
recommendations are made:
1. There is need for regular workshops for principals on vital aspects of infrastructural
facilities in secondary schools practices to make them proficient enough in handling aspects
of school management.
2. Both staff and students need to be thoroughly sensitized through seminars on the best
approach to maintenance of available infrastructural facilities so as to help the principals
excel in school management maintenance practices.
3. There is need for better funding of education to enable provision and maintenance of
available instructional materials needed in secondary schools in Kaduna State.

19. 19
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Secondary Schools in Kaduna State. An Unpublished M.Ed. Dissertation Summited
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Ahmed,M.B. (2009). An Assessment of Physical Infrastructure in Secondary Schools in
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Asiabaka, I.P. (2012). The Need for Effective Facility Management in Schools in Nigeria. New
York Science Journal, 1(1):10-21.
Aayi, I.A. & Yusuf, M.A (2010). School Plant Planning and Students Learning Outcome in
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Science. 2(1) 47-53.
Chike-Okoli, A. (2007). Issues in School Administration. Minna.ASDOC Publishing House.

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