IMPROVING 3D GEOMETRY OF THE RECEIVED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELS - ISEC – COIMBRA, PORTUGAL, 25 – 29 / IX / 2017 - Dr. Eng. Tihomir Dovramadjiev

IMPROVING 3D GEOMETRY OF THEIMPROVING 3D GEOMETRY OF THE
RECEIVED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELSRECEIVED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELS
Dr. Eng. Tihomir DovramadjievDr. Eng. Tihomir Dovramadjiev
TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIATECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF VARNA, BULGARIA
Industrial Design DepartmentIndustrial Design Department
tihomir.dovramadjiev@tu-varna.bgtihomir.dovramadjiev@tu-varna.bg
ISEC – COIMBRA, PORTUGAL, 25 – 29 / IX / 2017ISEC – COIMBRA, PORTUGAL, 25 – 29 / IX / 2017

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Abstract
With the advancement of technology, the use of photogrammetric
techniques is becoming more and more convenient as a mean for
generating a computer-based 3D model of real-world imaging as a result
of photo shooting. Depending on the assignment and the available
equipment, photogrammetry is successfully applied in the field of
shooting small and large-scale objects, architecture, geodesy, etc. This
article discusses the possibilities of obtaining quality completed non-large
models with the help of a photo camera and / or an analog photo camera
from a smartphone. The obtained 3D models and masks are further
processed with free access programs. Different successful practices for
3D finishing modeling have been demonstrated to obtain ultimate,
successfully modeled samples.
ISEC – COIMBRA, PORTUGAL & TU - VARNA, BULGARIAISEC – COIMBRA, PORTUGAL & TU - VARNA, BULGARIA

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Photogrammetry - Metrology
● Photography in its broadest sense is a process that converts the real
3-dimensional world into flat 2-dimensional images. The camera is
the device that makes this transformation or mapping from 3
dimensions to 2 dimensions (fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Photogrammetry – Metrology process

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Photogrammetry - Triangulation
● Photogrammetry uses the basic principle of Triangulation, whereby
intersecting lines in space are used to compute the location of a point
in all three dimensions. However, in order to triangulate a set of
points one must also know the camera position and aiming angles
(together called the orientation) for all the pictures in the set (fig. 2).
Fig. 2. Photogrammetry – Triangulation

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Free & Open Source Vs Paid Softwares
FREE PAID
Autodesk ReMake &
VisualSFM
Autodesk ReCap,
Agisoft PhotoScan &
3DF Zephyr and etc
Autodesk MeshMixer
& MeshLab
ZBrush
Blender Autodesk Maya,
Autodesk 3DS Max,
Cinema 4D,
Rhinoceros,
LightWave and etc
Table 1. Most useful free and paid software in
Photogrammetry & 3D reconstruction

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Advanced technical means – probe and result
Fig.3. Photogrammetry – probe and result: (a) Advanced technical means
used in study; (b) Probe – Horse bas-relief; (c) 3D created by computer
model.
(a) (b) (c)

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Autodesk ReMake Free & Pro function
Table 2. Autodesk ReMake – Free & Pro functions

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Autodesk ReMake & ReCap

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Autodesk of some products

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Autodesk ReMake - Possibilities
• CREATE 3D mesh models from photos, and soon from any sensors such as structured light or
laser scans.
• IMPORT any already-generated 3D meshes from other reality solutions, from scanner software
or from CAD/modeling applications.
• PREPARE/OPTIMIIZE 3D models for further downstream use (clean, fix, sculpt, edit, retopo,
optimize, compare, export or publish)
• PUBLISH models for 3D interactive viewing online, with possibility to send to others via hyperlinks or
embed them on a web site with an HTML code.
• EXPORT in FBX, OBJ, OBJ (QUADS) and PLY mesh file formats for further design and engineering
workflows in Autodesk Fusion360 or other design/engineering products, in AR/VR solutions or further
used in modeling applications such as Autodesk 3ds Max®, Maya® or Mudbox®, Zbrush, Blender etc.
Fig. 4. A chart of the ReMake workflow

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A photo capture
● Lenovo A2010 smartphone was launched in August 2015. The phone comes with
a 4.50-inch touchscreen display with a resolution of 480 pixels by 854 pixels.
● The Lenovo A2010 is powered by 1GHz quad-core MediaTek MT6735 processor
and it comes with 1GB of RAM. The phone packs 8GB of internal storage that
can be expanded up to 32GB via a microSD card. As far as the cameras are
concerned, the Lenovo A2010 packs a 5-megapixel primary camera on the rear
and a 2-megapixel front shooter for selfies (fig. 5).
Fig.5. Lenovo A2010 – Camera 5-megapixel

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Autodesk ReMake - Dashboard
Table 3. Autodesk ReMake – Dashboard

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Autodesk ReMake – hotkeys & commands

Starting a photogrammetry process

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Horse bas-relief – captured photos from left side

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Horse bas-relief – captured photos from above

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Horse bas-relief – captured photos from bellow

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Autodesk ReMake – generated files

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Detail view of the received Mask: left side

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Horse bas-relief – captured photos from right side

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Horse bas-relief – captured photos from above

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Horse bas-relief – captured photos from bellow

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Autodesk ReMake – generated files

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Detail view of the received Mask: right side

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Autodesk MeshMixer - Tools
● Drag-and-Drop Mesh Mixing
● 3D Sculpting and Surface Stamping
● Robust Convert-to-Solid for 3D printing
● 3D Patterns & Lattices
● Hollowing (with escape holes!)
● Branching Support Structures for 3D printing
● Automatic Print Bed Orientation Optimization, Layout & Packing
● Advanced selection tools including brushing, surface-lasso, and constraints
● Remeshing and Mesh Simplification/Reducing
● Mesh Smoothing and Free-Form Deformations
● Hole Filling, Bridging, Boundary Zippering, and Auto-Repair
● Plane Cuts, Mirroring, and Booleans
● Extrusions, Offset Surfaces, and Project-to-Target-Surface
● Interior Tubes & Channels
● Precise 3D Positioning with Pivots
● Automatic Alignment of Surfaces
● 3D Measurements
● Stability & Thickness Analysis

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Autodesk MeshMixer – import of the horse's left
side

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Autodesk MeshMixer – opposite of the horse's left
side

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Autodesk MeshMixer – front view (still no solid
structure)

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Autodesk MeshMixer – add of the second part
(horse's right side)

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Autodesk MeshMixer – fixing 2 parts position
(front view)

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Autodesk MeshMixer – fixing position and
searching for unuseful elements (with green
colour)

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Autodesk MeshMixer – cut the unuseful elements
(marked in red)

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Autodesk MeshMixer Combine options

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Autodesk MeshMixer – Creating solid model –
front view

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Autodesk MeshMixer – Creating solid model –
back view

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Blender interface – imported Obj model + created
fundament (extruded shape geometry)

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Blender interface – front view (Object Mode)

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Blender interface – perspective view (Object
Mode)

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Blender render – gold material

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Blender render – glass material

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Blender render – brown plastic material

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Blender render – green marble material

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Blender render – white matble material

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Conclusion
Photogrammetry is a complex process combining advanced
technological tools and specific designer skills. It is considered that
obtaining a precise 3D geometry is possible by using hi-tech
equipment, which requires good financial investment and appropriate
computer modeling systems. Nevertheless if there is a lack of such
equipment or it is not possible to use a professional one, the photo
shooting of the object can be done with a simple smartphone. In this
case the received photogrammetric data and the generated 3D
object may need an additional manual modeling The designer should
be able to master programs such as MeshMixer (or MeshLab) and
Blender programs, where sculpting tools are used. This presentation
shows a fully completed and successful process of creating a virtual
3D model.

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References
● Paul Debevec, Christoph Bregler, Michael Cohen, Leonard McMillan, François Sillion, Richard Szeliski. SIGGRAPH 2000
Course 35 (Full Day). USA, 2000.
● Pavel Ivanov. Three-dimensional Scanning of Objects Using a Mobile Phone. Photogrammetry Silhouette Technique. Helsinki
Metropolia University of Applied Sciences. Finland, March 2017.
● Geodetic Systems. https://www.geodetic.com/v-stars/what-is-photogrammetry/
● http://www.iqlaser.co.za/files/white_papers/Photogrammetry_basics.pdf
● Autodesk ReMake https://remake.autodesk.com/about
● VisualSFM : A Visual Structure from Motion System http://ccwu.me/vsfm/
● Autodesk ReCap https://www.autodesk.com/products/recap/overview
● Agisoft PhotoScan http://www.agisoft.com/
● 3DF ZEPHYR https://www.3dflow.net/3df-zephyr-pro-3d-models-from-photos/
● Autodesk MeshMixer http://www.mmmanual.com/
● MeshLab http://www.meshlab.net/
● Blender https://www.blender.org/
● ZBrush http://pixologic.com/
● Autodesk Maya https://www.autodesk.com/products/maya/overview
● Autodesk 3Ds Max https://www.autodesk.com/products/3ds-max/overview
● Cinema 4D https://www.maxon.net/en-us/
● Rhinoceros https://www.rhino3d.com/
● LightWave https://www.lightwave3d.com/
● Kyle Maxey. Autodesk Releases ReMake, a Photogrammetry Program for Everyone. June, 2016.
http://www.engineering.com/DesignSoftware/DesignSoftwareArticles/ArticleID/12318/Autodesk-Releases-ReMake-a-
Photogrammetry-Program-for-Everyone.aspx
● Autodesk ReMake Free & Pro http://www.cadtutor.net/forum/showthread.php?96975-Autodesk-Memento-Becomes-Autodesk-
ReMake
● AUTODESK® REMAKE GETTING STARTED GUIDE. https://remake.autodesk.com/assets/Autodesk_ReMake_Guide_01.pdf
● Trevor Williams. Basic Model Preparation with Meshmixer. Digital Media Tutorial .
http://digitalmedia.architecture.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Meshmixer.pdf
● Gadgest 360. http://gadgets.ndtv.com/lenovo-a2010-2881

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Thank you for your attention!

IMPROVING 3D GEOMETRY OF THE RECEIVED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELS - ISEC – COIMBRA, PORTUGAL, 25 – 29 / IX / 2017 - Dr. Eng. Tihomir Dovramadjiev

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IMPROVING 3D GEOMETRY OF THE RECEIVED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MODELS - ISEC – COIMBRA, PORTUGAL, 25 – 29 / IX / 2017 - Dr. Eng. Tihomir Dovramadjiev