Op

OPERATIVE DENTISTRY I - LAB
OPERATIVE DENTISTRY I LAB
D6305, DEREK R. WILLIAMS, DDS, MS

D6305L Clinical Prep Operative — Winter 2010
CLINICAL PREPARATION
OPERATIVE DENTISTRY
LABORATORY MANUAL
COURSE #D6305L
UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI-KANSAS CITY
SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY

1
Text: The Art and Science of Operative Dentistry — Sturdevant
CLINICAL PREPARATION
OPERATIVE: D306L
CLINICAL PREPARATION LABORATORY
WINTER 2008
Thursday Laboratory Room 286 &281 1:00-5:00 PM
Pre-Class Assignments (Lead-Up Activities)
Instrument Identification,
Lengths, Depths & Angles Exercises
1/14/10
Instrument Identification/Length, Depths, &
Angles Quiz
Mirror Skills Exercises
Hand Piece Setup
“Learn a Prep” Block (Slow-speed Handpiece)
Buccal Pit Amalgam #19
Typodont on Stand (Slow-speed Handpiece)
Text pages Chap. 8, 325-339
1/21/10
Class V Amalgam #18 (Prep)
Class I Occlusal (“Learn a Prep” Block)
Class I Occlusal Amalgam #18 (Prep)
Typodont on stand (Slow-speed Handpiece)
1/28/10
Add Rubber Cheeks and Rubber Dam
Buccal Pit Amalgam #19 (Prep)
Class I Occlusal Amalgam #18 (Prep)
Typodont on Stand (High-speed Handpiece)
2/04/10
Class I Occlusal amalgam #30, 31
Typodont with rubber dam on stand with high
speed.
2/11/10
Preparation drawings Class II (Three
Dimensional)
“Learn a Prep” Block Class II
Class II Amalgam Preparation #19 (MO)
Class II Amalgam Preparation #30 (MO)
Typodont on stand (High-speed Handpiece)
2/18/10
MID-TERM PRACTICAL #1 1:00-2:15
(Turn in three Class I preps of A-B quality)
Class I Amalgam Prep
2/25/10
Make-Up Week
3/04/10
Class II Amalgam Prep #20 (DO)
Class II Amalgam Prep #28(MOD)
Restore Class I Amalgam # 30 (O)
3/11/10
Class II Amalgam Restore #28 (MOD)
Class II Amalgam Prep and Restore #29 (MOD)
3/18/10
Spring Break
3/25/10
Class I Amalgam Prep #14 (occlusal and
distolingual groove)
Class II Amalgam Prep #3 (MO)
Class V #18 Rest
4/01/10
MID-TERM PRACTICAL #2 (1:00- 3:00 pm)
(Turn in three Class II preps of A-B quality)
Class II Amalgam Prep.
Class II Amalgam Rest.
4/08/10
Class II Amalgam Preparation #20 (MOD)
Class II Amalgam Restore #20 (DO)
Class II Amalgam Prep #30 (MOD)
4/15/10
Class II Amalgam Prep #30, 19 (MOD)
Class II Amalgam Rest #30, 19 (MOD)
4/22/10
Final Exam
(Turn in three Class II Preps (MOD) of A-B
quality)
4/29/10
Make Up Week
Turn in Final Project

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COURSE DESCRIPTION
Operative Dentistry I Laboratory is an introductory lab course designed to familiarize students with the
instruments, materials, and fundamental principles needed to complete simple restorative procedures.
During the course of the semester students will complete basic restorative procedures that will gradually
increase in complexity through the semester. Students will also develop an understanding of how these
procedures relate to treatment and prevention of the oral disease process.
Course Objectives
1. Teach students the basic principles of preparation design and materials used in contemporary
restorative dentistry
2. Develop the students understanding of dental caries, trauma, and the types of restorations
needed to restore the damage caused to the dentition
3. Develop the students’ ability to evaluate the quality of their work and correct any deficiencies.
4. Familiarize the student with the basic armamentarium used to perform dental restorative
procedures.
Course Policies and Grading
1. Attendance is mandatory. Any students with more than two unexcused absences will be required
to remediate the course.
2. Persistent tardiness is unacceptable and will be addressed on a case by case basis.
Students are expected to be present for the entire laboratory period.
3. Dress Code will be in compliance with the Student Handbook, Infection Control Guidelines, and
safety regulations.
Lab smocks with name tags will be worn at all times.
Trousers/slacks must reach to the ankle.
Skirts/dresses must approximate the knee in length or fall below it.
Dress shorts are not acceptable for classroom wear or any laboratory setting.
Scrubs are recommended for wear over shorts in laboratories.
Clean blue jeans and casual shirts may be worn, but they should not have holes, patches, or
ragged edges.
No tee-shirt style tank tops may be worn.
Smocks worn in laboratories must be neat and clean.
Clean socks or hose and shoes are required.
Sandals are not acceptable in laboratory settings.
Personal hygiene, including body and clothing, should always be above reproach.
4. Infection Control — Exam gloves and masks will be worn at all times for all typodont
procedures. A mask will be worn whenever a handpiece or air/water syringe is being used.
5. Personal listening devices are allowed during all laboratory sessions. Care should be used so that
announcements made during the class period are not missed.
6. Grades — Final grades will be a compilation of the following: daily grades, three mid-term
examinations, bonus points, and final project.
Daily Grades
Prior to the beginning of the 1:00 p.m. lecture, the student's manikin with the previous week's
completed lab projects will be left at the student's lab bench along with an explorer, periodontal
probe, ink pen, and the appropriate grade sheets from the lab manual opened to the appropriate
page. Instructors will choose one of the previous week’s projects to evaluate for a grade. The

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final grade for the day will be a compilation of the instructor's evaluation of the quality of the
work, how closely the student's evaluation matches that of the instructor's, and the overall effort
displayed by the student during the previous lab period. Points may be deducted if all projects
are not completed to a satisfactory level.
Mid Term Exams
Three practical exams will be given during the course of the semester. Each will be weighted
equally. Students will be expected to perform at a ‘B’ or better level for each of the exams.
Serious preparation will be necessary outside of regularly scheduled lab sessions in preparation
for the mid-term exams. This effort will not only be recognized in the exam grade, but also in
the bonus points discussed below.
Each student will be allowed to retake two practical exams in an effort to improve their grade.
The most recent exam grade will be the one recorded. Students receiving a 'C' or lower will be
required to retake the exam until they complete each part of the exam at a 'B' level or better.
Practical exams are considered a 'testing' situation and should be treated as such.
Communication is allowed only with T.A.'s and Bench Instructors.
1. All work on the typodont must be completed while the typodont is on the stand.
2. Once the typodont is removed from the stand, the exam is over.
3. The self evaluation must be completed while the typodont is on the stand.
4. Only the T.A.'s or Bench Instructors can authorize removing a typodont from the stand during
the examination.
Any proctor of the examination may ask a student to leave the examination if it is believed that
the student has compromised the integrity of the examination process or is unnecessarily
disturbing the concentration of other students. The student will then be required to retake the
exam (whether this will count as one of the two retakes allowed will be determined by the
instructors). When appropriate the incident will be referred to the School of Dentistry Honor
Council for action.
Bonus Points
Prior to each exam, each student will be allowed to turn in three A/B quality
preparations/restorations (equivalent to the work being tested) to accumulate bonus points. This
work will be evaluated by their table instructor and the points awarded provided the student
performs at a B level or better on the exam.
Final Project
The final project will be announced during the final lab period. Students will be required to bring
an intact manikin to this lab session. The project will be evaluated by their bench instructor
during the lab period.
The weighted values are as follows:
Daily grades 25%
Mid Term Exams 65%
Final Project 10%
By the end of the course, all students must be able to pass all of the Midterm exams at a B level in
order to receive credit for the course.

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PROPER WORKING POSITION
When preparing a tooth on the pole, it is important to remember that it is meant to simulate the position of
the patient’s mouth relative to your working position.
While working, in order to prevent chronic and long term unhealthy stresses to your upper torso and back, it
is important to maintain the proper physiologic position to distribute stresses through your body and prevent
their concentration in one area.
Remember the following rules:
1. Always work with your back as close to vertical as possible.
2. Avoid long term twisting motions.
3. Keep your head positioned over your spine (upper torso) as much as possible.
(The head is very heavy and requires a lot of effort by its supporting musculature to keep it suspended
over a manikin.)
4. Adjust your chair so that when your feet are flat on the floor, your thighs are parallel to the floor. This
will take the pressure off the back of the thighs.
5. Adjust the manikin so that your upper arms can remain at your side.
6. Your lower arms should remain as parallel to the floor as possible.
7. For mandibular teeth, position your patient so the mandible is as close to parallel to the floor as possible.
This will allow for direct vision of the tooth during preparation.
8. Finally, never sit in the patient’s lap.
It will be impossible to follow all of these principles all of the time, but, every effort should be made to
adhere to as many as possible while working. During the course of the semester, the faculty and teaching
assistants will monitor your posture and offer advice for correction and modification when appropriate.
Proper positioning during tooth preparation is a very serious matter. The more comfortable you are while
working will determine how productive you can be during a workday, how long of a career you will have,
and how much of your income will be invested in chiropractors and back therapy. But most importantly,
your adherence to the above principles will be reflected in your daily grade.

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EXERCISE 1: THE CIRCLE
Read the instructions for the entire exercise before you begin.
A completed “Learn a Prep” Block can be found at the end of your lab bench.
Materials
Slow-speed Handpiece
#56 Fissure Bur
Periodontal Probe
#23 Explorer
‘Learn-a-Prep’ Block
Instructions
1. Inscribe your last name and 5 digit ID# on the side of the block with the slow-speed handpiece.
2. Using the proper hand position, deepen the circle figure outlined on the block to a uniform depth of 2 mm.
a. Place the #56 fissure bur in the slow-speed handpiece. The #56 bur is cylinder shaped with all sides of
the bur being parallel. The flutes of the bur (cutting surfaces) are present only on the sides, preventing
the end of the bur from cutting. This bur will only deepen a preparation if held at an angle other than
perpendicular.
b. Begin by pressing all the way down on the rheostat to start the bur rotating at full speed.
c. Start the preparation by touching the center of the circle with the bur slightly tilted. With the bur still
tilted, cut the preparation to a depth of 1.5 mm, as measured with your periodontal probe.
(Note: Exerting too much force on the tip or sides of the bur can cause the bur to burn the block.)
d. Once the proper depth is reached, hold the bur perpendicular to the surface of the block. Using the sides
of the bur, widen your initial cut until your preparation is just inside the circumference of the circle.
e. Finish and smooth the preparation by:
i. smoothing the floor of the preparation while deepening it to 2.0 mm
ii. smoothing the walls of the preparation while extending them to the inner border of the circle.
Throughout this exercise and the ones to follow, be certain to continually monitor the angle of the bur
relative to the surface of the block.
Do not exert any more pressure on the bur than is necessary to remove material from the block (do not leave
burn marks).
Light steady pressure is more effective than a heavy hand.
f. Check the smoothness of walls and floor. Do this by running the tip of the explorer over the surface
of the floor of the preparation and along the walls. A rough area is detected whenever the tip “catches”.
Make the surface as smooth as possible, but, do not waste time.
Grading Criteria
• All sides are perpendicular to the floor of the circle
• The depth is 2 mm
• The walls and floor are smooth
• There are no burn marks on the block

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Being able to objectively critique your work is as important as the work itself. Most dentists work in an
environment where no one else will see the quality of their work on a regular basis. For this reason, it is
vitally important that you learn to critique your own work correctly and on a regular basis. A portion of your
grade for every project will be an assessment of your ability to objectively self-evaluate.
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CIRCLE
Record all errors and describe them precisely in the space provided. Total the points and assign a grade.
If the floor is too deep, indicate this by checking the appropriate box. If the walls are too rough, this also
may be indicated by checking the appropriate box.
An assessment will be deemed accurate if you are within one point of your table instructors’ evaluation.

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Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Student)
Exercise 1 Evaluation (Circle)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A score of 0 on items 1, 2 or 4 is an automatic failure.
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–13 points
C = 12–10 points
F = < 10 points
Points Awarded 3+ 2+ 1+ 0
1. Depth 2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Smoothness
of floor
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
(1, 2 signifcant catches)
Unacceptable
3. Smoothness
of walls
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
4. Angulation of
floor
Parallel to
Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
(w/i 2o of perpendicular)
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
5 Angulation of
walls
Perpendicular
to Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
Moderate Deviation
(w/i 5o of perpendicular
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
6. Presence of
burn marks
Proper Form Slight Deviation Moderate Deviation Unacceptable

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Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Faculty)
Exercise 1 Evaluation (Circle)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–13 points
C = 12–10 points
F = < 10 points
1. Depth 2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Smoothness
of floor
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
(1, 2 significant catches)
Unacceptable
3. Smoothness
of walls
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
(1, 2 significant catches)
Unacceptable
4. Angulation of
floor
Parallel to
Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
5 Angulation of
walls
Perpendicular
to Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
6. Presence of
burn marks

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EXERCISE 2: THE CROSS
Read the instructions for the entire exercise before you begin.
A completed “Learn a Prep” Block can be found at the end of your lab bench.
Materials
#56 Fissure Bur
Perio Probe
#23 Explorer
’Learn-a-Prep’ Block
Small Side Cutting Hatchet (1.0 mm)
Instructions
Prepare the Cross on the block:
1. Using the #56 bur, deepen the cross shape on the ‘Learn a Prep” block.
2. Start the preparation by touching the center of the cross with the bur slightly tilted. With the bur still
tilted, cut to a depth of 1.5 mm, as measured with your perio probe.
(Note: Exerting too much force on the tip or sides of the bur can cause the bur to burn the block.)
3. Once the proper depth is reached, hold the bur perpendicular to the surface of block.
Using the sides of the bur, widen your initial cut until your preparation is just inside the outline of the
cross.
4. Finish and smooth the preparation by:
a. Smoothing the floor of the preparation while deepening it to 2.0 mm
b. Smoothing the walls of the preparation while extending them to the inner border of the cross.
(Smooth preparation wall can be accomplished by: using the slowspeed handpiece, increase the rotation
speed of the bur (by fully depressing the rheostat) and use light pressure to brush the walls and the floors
to a smooth finish)
5. Since the bur is round, the ends of the ‘arms’ will be rounded rather than squared. Square the ends of the
‘arms’ using the flat surface of the small hatchet
6. Round the corners of the intersections — lightly touch the four squared angles with the bur. Leave no 90°
angles at the intersection.
7. Check the smoothness of the walls and floor by running the tip of a #23 explorer across the surfaces.
Grading Criteria
• All sides are perpendicular to the floor of the cross.
• The depth is 2 mm
• The walls and floor are smooth
• There are no burn marks on the block
• All angles at the intersection are slightly rounded
• Preparation extends to the inside border of the outline
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: THE CROSS PREPARATION
Record all errors and describe them precisely in the space provided, total the points and assign a grade.

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Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Exercise 2 Evaluation (The Cross)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–13 points
C = 12–10 points
F = < 10 points
1. Depth 2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Smoothness
of floor
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
3. Smoothness
of walls
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
4. Angulation of
floor
Parallel to
Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
5 Angulation of
walls
Perpendicular
to Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
6. Presence of
burn marks

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Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Exercise 2 Evaluation (The Cross)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–13 points
C = 12–10 points
F = < 10 points
1. Depth 2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Smoothness
of floor
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
3. Smoothness
of walls
Smooth
(no catches)
Slight Deviation
(minor catches)
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
4. Angulation of
floor
Parallel to
Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
5 Angulation of
walls
Perpendicular
to Surface of
Block
Slight Deviation
Moderate Deviation
Unacceptable
(> 5o)
6. Presence of
burn marks

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EXERCISE 3: CLASS I BUCCAL PIT AMALGAM PREPARATION —
LOWER MOLAR #19
Instruments
Mirror
#169 Bur
#330 Bur
Periodontal Probe
# 23 Explorer
Use a sharp pencil to outline the preparation on the buccal surface. Mentally identify the areas that diverge
or converge.
1. Open into the buccal pit area of the tooth using the tip of the #169 bur. Use care not to exceed a depth of
1.5 mm.
2. Again using the tip of the #169, define the outline of the preparation. The basic shape of the preparation
should be a tear drop centered over the buccal pit with the apex oriented occlusally.
3. The depth and convergence of the preparation should be established using a #330 bur. Deepen the axial
wall of the preparation to a depth of 1.5 mm. At the same time, use the sides of the bur to create a slight
convergence of all three walls. Smooth all walls with the #330 bur on the slow-speed handpiece.
4. Any undermined enamel at the cavosurface margin can be eliminated by running the #169 bur along the
cavosurface margin of the preparation (slow-speed handpiece). This will also allow you to refine the
shape of the preparation.
View Video Clip 1- The Buccal Pit
Grading Criteria:
• The depth of the preparation (axially) should be 1.5 mm
• The base of the preparation (gingival wall) should measure 1.5 mm mesiodistally.
• The height of the preparation should be 2.0 mm occlusogingivally
• Placement of the preparation should have the center directly over the buccal pit.
• All walls should converge slightly to the center of the preparation.
• The preparation should exhibit the proper outline with all walls smooth and w/o burn marks.
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CLASS I PREPARATION

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Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Class I Amalgam- Buccal Pit Grade Sheet (#19)
_______
_______
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A score of 0 on items 1 or 5 is an automatic failure.
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–13 points
C = 12–10 points
F = < 10 points
1. Depth 1.5 mm 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 – 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Width 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 1.0 – 1.5 >3.0
<1.0
3. Height 2.0 mm 1.5 – 2.0 2.0 – 2.5 >2.5
<1.5
4. Placement Correct
Placement
Within 0.5
(occlusal, gingival,
buccal)
Within 1.0
(occlusal, gingival,buccal)
>2.0
5. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation) (Marginal Deviation) Unacceptable
6. Outline Form
Finish

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Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Class I Amalgam- Buccal Pit Grade Sheet (#19)
_______
_______
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–13 points
C = 12–10 points
F = < 10 points
1. Depth 1.5 mm 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 – 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Width 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 1.0 – 1.5 >3.0
<1.0
3. Height 2.0 mm 1.5 – 2.0 2.0 – 2.5 >2.5
<1.5
Placement
Within 0.5
(occlusal, gingival,
buccal)
Within 1.0
>2.0
5. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
6. Outline Form
Finish

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EXERCISE 4: CLASS V AMALGAM PREPARATION — BUCCAL #18
Instruments
#169 Bur
#35 Bur
#¼ Round Bur
Small Side Cutting Hatchet (1.0mm)
Periodontal Probe
Placement of this preparation is in the gingival third of the buccal surface of the tooth. The preparation
extends mesiodistally between the mesial and distal line angles. The gingival extension should remain
approx. 0.5 mm above the gingiva.
1. Approximately 1.0 mm above the gingiva and below the buccal pit, use the tip of the #169 bur to make a
horizontal opening into the tooth to a depth of 1.0mm.
2. Extend this cut to the mesial, stopping just short of the MB line angle.
3. Repeat the step above to the distal, stopping just short of the DB line angle.
4. Widen the preparation occlusogingivally to a height just exceeding 1.0 mm.
5. Complete the outline form by smoothing the walls of the preparation with the #169 bur. The final outline
form should resemble an inverted trapezoid with rounded corners. The mesial and distal walls should be
parallel to, and end just short of, the corresponding line angles. The gingival wall should follow the
contour of the gingival margin, but, remain 0.5 mm occlusal to it. The occlusal margin should be flat but
relatively parallel to the gingival margin at a distance of 1.5 mm.
6. Using the #35 bur smooth the axial wall. The final depth of the wall should be 1.5 mm and follow the
contour of the buccal surface of the tooth (slightly convex).
7. Place retention grooves in the occlusal and gingival walls using the #¼ round bur. Do not cut into the
axial wall when placing the retention grooves.
8. Use the small hatchet to smooth occlusal and gingival walls as well as the pulpal floor of the prep.
9. Finally, smooth all walls of the preparation with the appropriate bur on the slow-speed handpiece.
All walls should be perpendicular to the cavosurface of the tooth; however, the mesial and distal walls will
appear to be diverged due to the natural curvature of the tooth.
Illustrations can be found on the following pages.
Grading Criteria
• The mesial and distal walls of the preparation should extend to, but not past, the line angles.
• The occlusogingival height should be 1.5 mm.
• The axial wall depth should be a uniform 1.5 mm.
• The dimensions of the preparation should place it between the line angles and 0.5 mm above the gingival
margin.
• Retention grooves should be detectable in the occlusal and gingival walls at the occlusoaxial and
gingivoaxial line angles.
• Preparation should reflect the proper outline form.
• All walls should be smooth. The mesial and distal walls should appear to diverge reflecting the surface
contour of the tooth.
View Video Clip 2- The Class V Preparation

17
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CLASS V PREPARATION
Record all errors and describe them precisely in the space provided, total the points and assign a grade

18
Retention Groove
Convex Axial Wall
Occlusal
Gingival
Class V Amalgam Preparation-Axial wall is convex in all directions. Retention groove is placed
in occlusal and gingival walls, never in the axial wall.

19

20
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Class V Amalgam Grade Sheet (#18)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–15 points
B = 14–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Mesial/Distal
Extension
Within 0.5 mm of
line angle
Within 1.0 mm of line
angles
> 1.0 mm short of line angles. Past one or both
line angles
(> 0.5 mm)
2. Occlusal/Ging.
Extension
1.5 mm <1.5 – 1.0 mm
>1.5 – 2.0 mm
>2.0 – 2.5 mm <1.0
>2.5
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
1.5 mm >1.5 - 2.0 mm
<1.5 - 1.0 mm
>2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Occlusal/Ging.
Placement
0.5 mm Above
gingiva
Slight Deviation
(within 0.5 mm)
Moderate Deviation
(within 1.0 mm)
Unacceptable
5. Grooves/
Walls
Correct Placement;
Divergence
(Mes/Dis/Occ/Ging)
Insufficient/Excessive Retention;
Insufficient/Excessive Divergence
(Mes/Dis/Occ/Ging)
Absent
6. Outline Form
(Adj. tooth dmge.)
WNL Slight Deviation Moderate Deviation Unacceptable

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Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Class V Amalgam Grade Sheet (#18)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–15 points
B = 14–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Mesial/Distal
Extension
Within 0.5 mm of
line angle
Within 1.0 mm of line
angles
> 1.0 mm short of line angles. Past one or both
line angles
(> 0.5 mm)
2. Occlusal/Ging.
Extension
1.5 mm <1.5 – 1.0 mm
>1.5 – 2.0 mm
>2.0 – 2.5 mm <1.0
>2.5
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
1.5 mm >1.5 - 2.0 mm
<1.5 - 1.0 mm
>2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Occlusal/Ging.
Placement
0.5 mm Above
gingiva
Slight Deviation
(within 0.5 mm)
Moderate Deviation
(within 1.0 mm)
Unacceptable
5. Grooves/
Walls
Correct Placement;
Divergence
(Mes/Dis/Occ/Ging)
Insufficient/Excessive Retention;
Insufficient/Excessive Divergence
(Mes/Dis/Occ/Ging)
Absent
6. Outline Form
(Adj. tooth dmge.)
WNL Slight Deviation Moderate Deviation Unacceptable

22
EXERCISE 5: THE MOLAR
Read this entire exercise before beginning your work.
Instruments
Slow-speed handpiece
#56 fissure bur
#169 bur
Perio probe
# 23 explorer
’Learn-a-Prep’ Block
1. Cut the mandibular second molar outline printed on the “Learn a Prep” block (#169 bur).
2. Using the #56 bur, deepen the molar outline on the “Learn a Prep” block.
3. Start the preparation by touching the center of the molar outline with the bur slightly tilted. With the bur
still tilted, cut to a depth of 1.5 mm as measured with your perio probe.
4. Once the proper depth is reached, hold the bur perpendicular to the surface of block. Using the sides of the
bur, widen your initial cut until your preparation is just inside the tooth outline.
5. The wall of the preparation adjacent to the marginal ridge must be diverged approximately 3° as described
in the pre-class exercises. This can be accomplished by holding the #169 bur perpendicular to the block
and preparing the walls adjacent to the marginal ridge. The contour of the bur will provide the correct
amount of divergence.
6. The walls of the preparation adjacent to the triangular ridges must be converged approximately 3° as
described in the pre-class exercises. This can be accomplished in several ways. One is to angle the #169
bur slightly askew of perpendicular and passing the tip beneath each of the four triangular ridges drawn
on the block.
7. Finish and smooth the preparation by:
a. Smoothing the floor of the preparation while deepening it to 2.0 mm
b. Smoothing the walls of the preparation while extending them to the inner border of the molar drawing.
Be sure not to eliminate the convergence/divergence during the smoothing process. If this happens,
replace them by the methods described above.
Grading Criteria
• Occlusal depth is 2.0 mm.
• Isthmus width (area between triangular ridges) is 1.0–1.5 mm in width.
• Convergence/Divergence has been properly prepared
• Pulpal floor — smooth and parallel to the surface of the block
• Preparation extends to the inside border of the outline

23

24
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
The Molar
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 15–14 points
B = 13–11 points
C = 10–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mesial marg. ridge)
(distal marg. Ridge)
(Marginal Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
4. Pulpal Floor Smooth,
Perpendicular
Slight Deviation Moderate Deviation Unacceptable
5. Outline Form Proper Form Slight Deviation Moderate Deviation Unacceptable

25
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
The Molar
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 15–14 points
B = 13–11 points
C = 10–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

26
EXERCISE 6: CLASS I AMALGAM PREPARATION —
OCCLUSAL LOWER MOLAR #18
INSTRUMENTS
Mirror
#56 Bur
#169 Bur
#330 Bur
#245 Bur
Explorer
Articulating Ribbon
Periodontal Probe
The objective of this exercise is to transfer the preparation outline completed on the ‘Learn-a-Prep’ block to
the molar anatomy of tooth #18. All preparations completed on typodont teeth will be completed with the
typodont manikin mounted on the pole in anatomical position.
Position the manikin in proper working position. When necessary, use the mirror for vision.
Use a sharp pencil to outline the preparation on the occlusal surface. Prior to 4:30, on a piece of paper,
mentally identify the areas of the preparation that diverge or converge (be specific), place your name,
student #, and date on the paper and turn it in to your bench instructor or TA.
1. Use the #56 bur in the slow-speed handpiece to open into the central pit area of the tooth. As in the
previous exercise it will be necessary to tilt the bur slightly since the #56 bur is not an end-cutting bur.
Use light, intermittent pressure to avoid creating burn marks. At this point, the depth should be 1.5 mm.
2. Extend the initial cut to the mesial, stopping at the mesial pit.
3. At the mesial pit, create a dove tail by extending the groove to the buccal and lingual, approximately the
width of the bur.
4. Repeat the above directions for the distal pit as well.
5. Blend the buccal and lingual extensions to the central groove by removing the 90o
angle created in a
manner that creates a shape resembling a dove’s tail. One area of the preparation should flow into the
other with no sharp angles.
6. At the central pit area, using the #169 bur, extend the preparation into the buccal and lingual grooves,
making them slightly larger than width of the bur. The buccal and lingual walls of these extensions should
diverge slightly. Blend these extensions into the rest of the preparation by removing any 90 degree angles
as described above.
7. Finally, using the appropriate bur with your slow-speed handpiece, smooth all walls while deepening the
preparation to 2.0 mm.
View Video Clip 3- The Class I Occlusal Amalgam Preparation
Grading Criteria
• An even depth relative to the occlusal plane must be maintained throughout. A minimum depth of 1.5 mm
must be maintained at all cavosurface margins. The pulpal floor of the restoration must be flat.
• Buccal and lingual walls should converge slightly in the triangular ridge areas.
• Buccal and lingual grooves should diverge slightly as they approach the buccal and lingual surfaces.

27
• The width of the central groove should be 1-1.5 mm. at the triangular ridge areas. The width of the buccal
and lingual grooves should be slightly greater than the width of the #169 bur.
• Mesial and distal walls should diverge slightly out of the preparation.
• The mesial and distal pits must be removed.
• At least 1.5 mm of the marginal ridge must be left intact.
• The mesial and distal extensions must not extend past the upper inclines of the marginal ridges (halfway up
the triangular shaped incline plane).
• A slight dovetail should be formed into the mesial and distal triangular grooves.
• Pulpal floor should be smooth.
• Line angles should be definite.

28

29
Convergence
a a a a a
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Lingual
Buccal
Divergence
Class I Amalgam Preparation- (a) denotes the isthmus between cusps. Preparation width in this
area should be 1.0mm. The mandibular first molar has three isthmuses. The mandibular second
molar has two. (b) denotes areas of preparation wall divergence relative to the long axis of the
tooth

30
a a a a a
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
Class I Amalgam Preparation- (a) denotes the isthmus between cusps. Preparation width in this
area should be 1.0mm. The mandibular first molar has three isthmuses. The mandibular second
molar has two. (b) denotes areas of preparation wall divergence relative to the long axis of the
tooth.

31
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ____________
Number: __________
Class I Amalgam Grade Sheet (#18)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

32
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ____________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

33
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Class I Amalgam — Buccal Pit Grade Sheet (#19)
_______
_______
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Depth 1.5 mm 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 – 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Width 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 1.0 – 1.5 >3.0
<1.0
3. Height 2.0 mm 1.5 – 2.0 2.0 – 2.5 >2.5
<1.5
Placement
Within 0.5
(occlusal, gingival, buccal)
Within 1.0
>2.0
5. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
6. Outline Form
Finish

34
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Class I Amalgam — Buccal Pit Grade Sheet (#19)
_______
_______
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Depth 1.5 mm 1.5 - 2.0 2.0 – 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Width 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 1.0 – 1.5 >3.0
<1.0
3. Height 2.0 mm 1.5 – 2.0 2.0 – 2.5 >2.5
<1.5
Placement
Within 0.5
(occlusal, gingival, buccal)
Within 1.0
>2.0
5. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
6. Outline Form
Finish

35

36

37
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ____________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

38
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ____________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

39
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

40
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

41
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

42
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0 mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

43
EXERCISE 7: CLASS II AMALGAM PREPARATION —
MESIO-OCCLUSAL LOWER MOLAR #19 & 30
INSTRUMENTS
“Learn a Prep” Block
#56 bur
#169 bur
Explorer
Perio Probe
Step I
To this point it has been necessary to prepare only one surface of the tooth at a time. This exercise will
prepare you for removing the interproximal surfaces of the tooth. To do this it will not only be necessary to
make horizontal preparations, but also to make a vertical preparation in close proximity to another tooth.
This exercise will begin by preparing the rectangular outlines on the side of the “Learn a Prep” block.
1. Turn the edge of the “Learn a Prep” block so that the rectangles are farthest away from you.
2. Using the #169 bur, deepen the outline of the rectangle by 3.5 mm. In order to accomplish this, it will be
necessary to advance the tip of the bur vertically with a slight pendulum like motion, while keeping the
preparation within the confines of the outline. Do not turn the block to view your progress, instead, use
the mouth mirror.
3. Using the #56 bur (slow-speed) smooth the walls of the preparation and deepen to 4.0 mm. Again view
your progress only with the aid of a mouth mirror.
4. Finally, using the small hatchet and distal margin trimmer, refine the edges and corners of the preparation.
All walls and cavosurface margins should be straight. All internal angles should meet at 90o
angles.
5. Once you are satisfied with the resulting product, view your preparation with direct vision and compare it
with your assessment when viewed in the mirror. If the preparation meets the standards below, ask your
table instructor or a T.A. to evaluate the product. If not, continue to practice on another rectangle until the
desired product is obtained and meets your standards and the criteria listed below.
This project will be completed on a credit/no credit basis.
Grading Criteria
• Preparation extends to the outline of the rectangle without obliterating the line.
• The outline, when viewed from the side of the block is rectangular.
• The depth is 4.0 mm.
• All internal angles are 90o
.
• All external margins are smooth.
After the preparation has been checked, add convexity to the vertical wall of the preparation. This can be
accomplished in several ways, one is described below.
1. Using the side edge of the hatchet, start at one corner of the vertical wall and exert a downward stroke (to
avoid chipping, only engage a small ‘bite’ of the wall.
2. Once the hatchet hits the floor of the preparation, use the edge of the hatchet to scrape the vertical wall,
gradually relieving the pressure until the center of the wall is reached.
3. Repeat this several times until a convexity is seen on that half of the prep.
4. Repeat this process on the opposite side of the vertical wall.
5. Have your work evaluated by your table instructor or a T.A.

44
INSTRUMENTS
Mirror
Explorer
# 15-8-14 Hatchet (Large Hatchet)
# 10-7-14 Hatchet
Periodontal Probe
# 29 Gingival Margin Trimmer (Mesial)
#330 Bur
#56 Bur
#169 Bur
1. Check the occlusion — Use articulating ribbon and tap the jaws of the manikin. Remember the location of
the marks and use them as an aid in carving the restoration.
2. Outline Form — The outline form should be identical to that of the occlusal amalgam preparation for the
corresponding tooth with the following modifications:
3. No mesial dovetail is created, instead:
a. The mesiolingual extension of the preparation extends directly to the marginal ridge in a manner that
will break the lingual contact by 0.5 mm.
b. The mesiobuccal extension of the preparation is prepared with an “S” shaped curve in a manner that
will break the buccal contact by 0.5 mm.
c. A mesial box is placed through the marginal ridge that breaks the gingival contact by 0.5 mm.
d. The axial depth of the box is 1.5 mm and duplicates the convexity of the mesial surface of the tooth.
The proximal box described above can be created by the following method:
4. Prepare the buccal portion of the mesial dovetail as you normally would, using care not to extend the
dovetail buccally farther than the contact area.
5. Prepare the lingual of the prep by extending it from the isthmus slightly lingual to the mesial pit.
6. Using the #169 bur, connect the two sides of the preparation, while moving the bur mesially and gradually
thinning the marginal ridge, leaving only a thin shell of material between the bur and the adjacent tooth.
7. Using a slight pendulum motion, move the bur from side to side, gradually deepening the prep to
approximately 3.5 mm.
8. With the small hatchet, break away the final pieces of material protecting the adjacent tooth.
9. With the #169 bur expand the box to the proper dimensions (the small hatchet and gingival margin
trimmer can aid you in this task).
Do not try to remove too large a piece of tooth structure with the hand instruments or use a dull
instrument for this task. This will cause the manikin tooth to chip and ruin your preparation.
Many Examinations Have Failed For This Reason!!!!!
Use care not to break any of the proximal contacts (buccal, lingual, gingival) by more than O.5 mm (this can
be measured by passing the first 1.0 mm of the #23 explorer through the contact, if any more of the explorer
passes through, the contact is open too wide).
The axial depth of the box should be 1.5 mm with a convexity reflecting that of the mesial wall of the
unprepared tooth.
The buccal and lingual walls should converge slightly (approx. 3o
).
10. Smooth all walls of the preparation with the appropriate burs and hand instruments.
The walls of the proximal box should have smooth cavosurface margins.

45
11. Use the gingival margin trimmer to bevel the axiopulpal line angle.
View Video Clip 4- The Class II Amalgam Preparation
Grading Criteria
• The occlusal depth should be a minimum of 2.0 mm when measured at any point along the cavosurface
margin.
• All isthmus widths must be a minimum of 1.0 mm.
• The axial wall height should be 1.0 mm (a minimum of 0.5 mm).
• All proximal contacts should be open a minimum of 0.5 mm.
• The pulpal floor and gingival floor should be smooth and perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth; all
walls should be smooth.
• The outline form should conform to that described in the text.
Points for any discrepancy not specifically addressed on the evaluation form should be deducted in the final
category (Outline Form).
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CLASS II MOLAR PREPARATION
Points for any discrepancy not specifically addressed on the form should be deducted in the final category.

46
a
Class II Amalgam preparation- (a) represents the extension of the mesial wall of the preparation
into the marginal ridge, resulting in a thinning of the marginal ridge in preparation of lowering the
box gingivally.

47
Reverse ‘S’ Reverse ‘S’
Bevel Bevel
Buccal
Lingual
b
c
a
Class II Amalgam preparation- (a), (b), (c), represent the three contact areas of the proximal box.
Each of these areas must have a minimal clearance of 0.5 mm. The maximum clearance is 1.0 mm
for an ideal preparation.

48
Axial Wall
Gingival Floor
Class II Amalgam Preparation- Buccal and lingual walls of the proximal box should converge
occlusally

49

50
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Student) Tooth No.: ________
Prep.: ___________
Class II Amalgam Grade Sheet (#19)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
2 2–.5
1.5–2.0
2.5–3.0
1.0–1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.5 1.0–1.5 <1
1.5–2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1–1.5 mm)
Convex
(0.5–1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5–1mm)
1.5 - 2
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 2
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5–1.0)
(mb, ml, mg, db, dl, dg)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5–1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form
(Other Considerations)

51
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Faculty) Tooth No.: ________
Prep.: ___________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
2 2–.5
1.5–2.0
2.5–3.0
1.0–1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.5 1.0–1.5 <1
1.5–2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1–1.5 mm)
Convex
(0.5–1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5–1mm)
1.5 - 2
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 2
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5–1.0)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5–1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form

52
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

53
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points
B = 15–12 points
C = 11–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

54
DISTO-OCCLUSAL LOWER PREMOLAR #20 & 29
Instruments
Mirror
Explorer
# 10-8-14 Hatchet (Small Hatchet)
Periodontal Probe
# 29 Gingival Margin Trimmer (Mesial)
# 330 Bur
# 56 Bur
# 169 Bur
1. Check the occlusion — Use articulating ribbon and tap the jaws of the manikin. Remember the location of
2. Outline Form — The outline form should be identical to that of the Occlusal amalgam preparation for the
corresponding tooth.
a. The isthmus width between the two cusps should be 1.0 mm.
b. The floor of the preparation should be 1.5 mm deep and parallel to the occlusal plane of the tooth.
c. A dovetail is created in the mesial pit that eliminates the pit and leaves the mesial wall diverged.
d. The remaining mesial marginal ridge should be a minimum of 1.0 mm thick.
3. No distal dovetail is created.
4. a. The distolingual extension of the preparation extends directly to the marginal ridge in a manner that
will break the lingual contact by 0.5 mm.
b. The distobuccal extension of the preparation is prepared with an “S” shaped curve in a manner that will
break the buccal contact by 0.5 mm.
c. A distal box is placed through the marginal ridge that breaks the gingival contact by 0.5 mm.
d. The axial height of the box is approx. 1.0 mm when measured from the gingival floor to the pulpal
floor and duplicates the convexity of the distal surface of the tooth unprepared.
The proximal box described above can be created by the following method:
5. Prepare the buccal portion of the distal dovetail as you normally would, using care not to extend the
dovetail buccally farther than the contact area.
6. Prepare the lingual of the prep by extending it from the isthmus slightly lingual to the distal pit.
7. Using the #169 bur, connect the two sides of the preparation, while moving the bur distally and gradually
thinning the marginal ridge, leaving only a thin shell of material between the bur and the adjacent tooth.
Do not try to remove too large a piece of tooth structure with the hand instruments or use a dull
instrument for this task. This will cause the manikin tooth to chip and ruin your preparation.

55
Use care not to break any of the proximal contacts (buccal, lingual, gingival) by more than 0.5 mm (this can
passes through, the contact is too wide).
The axial depth of the box should be 1.0 mm. The buccal and lingual walls should converge slightly
(approx. 3o
).
The walls of the proximal box should have smooth cavosurface margins.
12. Use the gingival margin trimmer to bevel the axiopulpal line angle.
Grading Criteria
• The occlusal depth should be a minimum of 1.5 mm when measured at any point along the cavosurface
margin.
• The isthmus width must be a minimum of 1.0 mm.
• The pulpal floor should be smooth and parallel to the occlusal plane of the tooth.
• The gingival floors should be smooth and perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth; all walls should be
smooth.
View Video Clip 5- Class II Amalgam Preparation (Premolar)
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CLASS II MO, DO PREMOLAR
PREPARATION

56
Reverse ‘S’
Bevel
Buccal
Lingual
Dog Bone Outline Form
Lingual Extension
Class II Amalgam preparation (Man.dibular 2nd
Premolar)- Distal portion of this preparation can
be completed with either a ‘Dovetail’ or ‘Dog Bone’ outline form.

57

58
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Student) Tooth No.: _______
Prep.: ___________
Class II Amalgam Grade Sheet (MO, DOPremolar) (#20)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 18–16 points C = 11–09 points
B = 15–12 points F = < 09 points
1. Occlusal
Depth
1.5 - 2.0 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 - <1.5 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1.0 mm)
Convex
(0.5 - 1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5 - 1mm)
1.0 – 1.5
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 1.5
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5 - 1.0)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5 - 1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form

59
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Faculty) Tooth No.: _______
Prep.: ___________
Class II Amalgam Grade Sheet (MO, DOPremolar) (#20)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Occlusal
Depth
1.5 - 2.0 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 - <1.5 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1.0 mm)
Convex
(0.5 - 1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5 - 1mm)
1.0 – 1.5
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 1.5
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5 - 1.0)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5 - 1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form

60
MOD LOWER PREMOLAR #21 & 28
Instruments:
Mirror
Explorer
# 10-8-14 Hatchet (Small Hatchet)
Periodontal Probe
#29 Gingival Margin Trimmer (Mesial)
#330 Bur
#56 Bur
#169 Bur
1. Check the occlusion: Use articulating ribbon and tap the jaws of the manikin. Remember the location of
2. Outline Form: The outline form should be identical to that of the occlusal amalgam preparation for the
corresponding tooth.
a. The isthmus width between the two cusps should be 1.5 mm.
b. The floor of the preparation should be parallel to an imaginary line connecting the buccal and
lingual cusp tips.
3. No mesial or distal dovetail is created.
4. a. The lingual extension of the preparation extends directly to the marginal ridge (mesial and distal) in a
manner that will break the lingual contact by 0.5 mm.
b. The mesial/distal buccal extension of the preparation is prepared with an “S” shaped curve in a manner
that will break the buccal contact by 0.5 mm.
c. A distal proximal box is placed through the marginal ridge that breaks the gingival contact by 0.5 mm.
d. A mesial proximal box is placed through the marginal ridge that breaks the gingival contact by 0.5 mm.
e. The axial depth of both proximal boxes is 1.0 mm and duplicates the convexity of the proximal surface
of the tooth.
The proximal boxes described above can be created by the following method:
5. Prepare the buccal portion of the mesial/distal dovetail as you normally would, using care not to extend
the dovetail buccally farther than the contact area.
6. Prepare the lingual of the prep by extending it from the isthmus slightly lingual to the mesial/distal pit.
7. Using the #169 bur, connect the two sides of the preparation, while moving the bur mesially/distally and
gradually thinning the marginal ridge, leaving only a thin shell of material between the bur and the
adjacent tooth.
Do not try to remove too large a piece of tooth structure with the hand instruments or use
a dull instrument for this task. This will cause the manikin tooth to chip and ruin your
preparation.

61
Use care not to break any of the proximal contacts (buccal, lingual, gingival) by more than O.5 mm (this can
passes through, the contact is too wide).
The axial wall height of the box should be 1.0 mm measured from the pulpal floor, with a convexity
reflecting that of the unprepared proximal wall.
The buccal and lingual walls should converge slightly (approx. 3o
).
The walls of both proximal boxes should have smooth cavosurface margins.
12. Use the gingival margin trimmer to bevel both axiopulpal line angles.
Grading Criteria
• The occlusal depth should be 2.0 mm (measured at the mesial/distal pit area).
• The isthmus width must be 1.5 mm.
• The pulpal floor should be smooth and parallel to an imaginary line connecting the buccal and lingual cusp
tips.
• The gingival floor should be smooth and perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth; all walls should be
smooth.
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CLASS II MOD PREMOLAR PREPARATION

62
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Prep.: ___________
Class II Amalgam Grade Sheet (MOD Premolar) (#28)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Occlusal
Depth
1.5 - 2.0 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.5 1.0 < 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1.0 mm)
Convex
(0.5 - 1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5 - 1mm)
1.0 – 1.5
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 1.5
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5 - 1.0)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5 - 1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form

63
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Prep.: ___________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Occlusal
Depth
1.5 - 2.0 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.5 1.0 < 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1.0 mm)
Convex
(0.5 - 1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5 - 1mm)
1.0 – 1.5
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 1.5
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5 - 1.0)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5 - 1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form

64
EXERCISE 10: CLASS I AMALGAM RESTORATION
Instruments
Dappen Dish
Amalgam Carrier
#23 Explorer
Large Amalgam Condenser
Small Amalgam Condenser
Ball Burnisher
Cleoid-Discoid Carver
Restoring the tooth to proper form and function is just as important as the proper preparation of the tooth.
Amalgam has been the most commonly used restorative material for the last century. Its’ ease of use and
durability make it the best choice for many restorative situations. The following is a description of placing
amalgam in a one surface restoration.
Placement of the dentin bonding agent as a liner
1. Obtain a syringe of dentin bonding agent from your Table instructor or T.A.
2. Place a new dispensing tip on the end of the syringe.
3. Spread a small amount of dentin bonding agent on the interior surface of the preparation
4. Using the air/water syringe, thin the dentin bonding agent so that it completely covers the entire interior
surface of the preparation.
5. Use a curing light to cure the bonding agent (a minimum 20 second exposure is necessary).
6. Use an explorer and cleoid/discoid carver to completely remove the dentin bonding agent from the
cavosurface margin.
Remember To Use Proper Mercury Hygiene Procedures When Handling Amalgam
1. Obtain a single spill amalgam capsule from a T.A. or Table Instructor.
2. Triturate the amalgam for the amount of time designated on the triturator (be sure the lid of the triturator
is closed during the mixing process).
3. Take the triturated amalgam back to your work bench and empty the contents into the amalgam well.
a. If powder falls from the capsule into the dappen dish, the bladder containing the mercury did not break.
This capsule is defective and should immediately be taken to an instructor.
b. If the material is too soft, it was under triturated. The capsule and contents should be returned to a T.A.
or an instructor.
c. If the material is too hard/brittle, it has been over triturated and should be disposed of with the scrap
amalgam.
3. Once a proper mix is obtained, load the amalgam in the amalgam carrier. This is done by holding the
instrument at an angle and pressing it into the mass of the amalgam. This is repeated until the end of the
carrier is full. Repeat the process with the other end of the carrier.
4. Empty one end of the carrier into the preparation. Using the large end of the small condenser and firm
pressure, condense the amalgam into all areas of the preparation.
5. Next, use the small end of the same instrument to insure the amalgam is condensed into all areas of the
preparation. Empty the other end of the condenser into the preparation and condense.
6. Continue to fill and condense the amalgam into the preparation until it is slightly overfilled at all
cavosurface margins. (Condense with enough pressure to cause the surface of the restoration to appear

65
shiny. This will force excess mercury from the restoration which can then be removed from the surface of
the restoration.)
7. Using the explorer and the cleoid-discoid carver, carve the correct occlusal anatomy into the preparation.
(Carving the amalgam is best delayed for 2–3 minutes until it begins to setup, at this point it is more
easily manipulated and will result in a better finish to the restoration).There are several different
techniques used to carve amalgam. Your table instructor will help guide you in determining which works
best for you.
8. Check the occlusion by holding a piece of articulating ribbon between the restoration and the opposing
tooth. Remove any marks located on the restoration.
9. Smooth the surface of the restoration and remove any excess amalgam by using progressivley lighter and
lighter strokes with the carving instruments. Finally, remove the amalgam crumbs by brushing the surface
with a wet cotton pellet.
View Video Clip 6- Class I Amalgam Restoration
Grading Criteria
• Presence and location of correct occlusion
• Cavosurface margins should be smooth and undetectable
• Occlusal anatomy should reproduce all cuspal inclines and pits correctly
• Central groove should be correctly placed
• Surface finish should be smooth and free from detectable pits and voids
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CLASS I AMALGAM PREPARATION

66

67
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Student) Tooth No.: ______
Rest.: __________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Correct
Occlusion
Present Present
(Slightly High)
Incorrect Occlusion
(Too High)
2. Cavosurface
Margins
WNL
(within normal limits-
undetectable with
explorer tyne)
Slight deviation
(overfill, underfill)
Moderate deviation
Unacceptable
(voids, ditched margins,
overhangs)
3. Occlusal
Anatomy
WNL
(cusps, ridges,pits
correctly placed)
Slight deviation Moderate deviation Unacceptable
4. Central
Groove
Placement
Correct
Placement
Slightly Misplaced Marginally Misplaced Not Present
5. Surface Finish Smooth,
Clinically
Acceptable
Slight Deviation Moderate Deviation
(rough, pits, voids-
correctable)
Unacceptable
(rough, pits, voids- not
correctable)

68
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Circle One: (Faculty) Tooth No.: ______
Rest.: __________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Correct
Occlusion
Present Present
(Slightly High)
Incorrect Occlusion
(Too High)
2. Cavosurface
Margins
WNL
undetectable with
explorer tyne)
Slight deviation
Moderate deviation
Unacceptable
overhangs)
3. Occlusal
Anatomy
WNL
(cusps, ridges,pits
correctly placed)
4. Central
Groove
Placement
Correct
Placement
Slightly Misplaced Marginally Misplaced Not Present
Clinically
Acceptable
correctable)
Unacceptable
correctable)

69
EXERCISE 11: CLASS II AMALGAM RESTORATION
Instruments
Dappen Dish
Amalgam Carrier
#23 Explorer
Large Amalgam Condenser
Small Amalgam Condenser
Ball Burnisher
Cleoid-Discoid Carver
Tofflemire Matrix Band (No. 1)
Tofflemire Matrix Band Retainer
Wizard Wedges
Place the matrix band in the Tofflemire Matrix Band Retainer.
a. Pinch the two ends of the matrix band together making sure the ends are even.
b. Slide the matrix band into the slots of the matrix retainer so that the loop portion of the band extends
out of the end of the retainer.
c. Tighten the small knob at the end of the retainer until the band can no longer be easily removed.
d. When placing the matrix band on the tooth, the open end of the slots on the retainer should always
point towards the gingiva. This allows the retainer to be removed in an occlusal direction.
e. Adjust the end loop out of the left (lower left arch, upper right arch), or right (lower right arch, upper
left arch) depending on the area of the mouth where you will be working.
f. Slide the matrix band over the tooth being restored (the more narrow part of the loop should be closest
to the gingiva).
g. Tighten the large knob until the band fits snugly around the tooth.
h. Insert an appropriate sized wedge (from the lingual) between the matrix band and the adjacent tooth.
i. Burnish the inside of the band against the adjacent tooth in the area of the contact.
j. Be sure the gingival margin is flush (sealed) with the band. If it isn’t press the wedge more tightly
into the embrasure between the teeth.
Placement of the dentin bonding agent as a liner
1. Obtain a syringe of dentin bonding agent from your Table instructor or T.A.
2. Place a new dispensing tip on the end of the syringe.
3. Spread a small amount of dentin bonding agent on the interior surface of the preparation
4. Using the air/water syringe, thin the dentin bonding agent so that it completely covers the entire interior
surface of the preparation.
5. Use a curing light to cure the bonding agent (a minimum 20 second exposure is necessary).
6. Use an explorer and cleoid/discoid carver to completely remove the dentin bonding agent from the
cavosurface margin.
1. Obtain a double spill or two single spill amalgam capsules from a T.A. or Table Instructor.
2. Triturate the amalgam for the amount of time designated on the triturator (be sure the lid of the triturator
is closed during the mixing process).
3. Take the mixed amalgam back to your work bench and empty the contents into the amalgam well.
a. If powder falls from the capsule into the dappen dish, the bladder containing the mercury did not break.
This capsule is defective and should immediately be taken to an instructor.

70
b. If the material is too soft, it was under triturated. The capsule and contents should be returned to a T.A.
or an instructor.
c. If the material is too hard/brittle, it has been over triturated and should be disposed of with the scrap
amalgam.
4. Once a proper mix is obtained, load the amalgam in the Amalgam Carrier. This is done by holding the
instrument at an angle and pressing it into the mass of the amalgam. This is repeated until the end of the
carrier is full. Repeat the process with the other end of the carrier.
5. Empty one end of the carrier into the box portion of the preparation. Using the large end of the small
condenser and firm pressure, condense the amalgam into all areas of the proximal box.
6. Next, use the small end of the same instrument to ensure the amalgam is condensed into all areas of the
proximal box. Particular attention should be paid to buccogingival and linguogingival cavosurface areas.
Empty the other end of the condenser into the proximal box and condense.
7. Continue to fill and condense the amalgam into the preparation until it is slightly overfilled at all visible
cavosurface margins. (Condense with enough pressure to cause the surface of the restoration to appear
shiny. This will force excess mercury from the restoration which can then be removed from the surface of
the restoration.)
8. Using the explorer and the cleoid-discoid carver, carve the correct occlusal anatomy into the preparation.
(Carving the amalgam is best delayed for 2–3 minutes until it begins to setup. At this point it is more
easily manipulated and will result in a better finish to the restoration). The marginal ridge should be
carved back to a height that matches the marginal ridge of the adjacent tooth. To avoid fracturing the
marginal ridge, do not remove the matrix band until the amalgam nears its’ final set. This may take 5–10
minutes.
9. First remove the wedge, then the matrix band by placing a finger over the band then loosening the large
knob, then the small. Remove the matrix band from the proximal area by sliding it to the lingual at a 45o
angle. Do not check the occlusion until the amalgam has reached its’ final set. This may take an additional
5 minutes.
10. Using the IPC (Interproximal Carver) remove any flash or excess material from the buccal, lingual, and
gingival interproximal margin, carving from tooth surface to restoration.
11. Check the occlusion by holding a piece of articulating ribbon between the restoration and the opposing
tooth then tapping the arches of the manikin together. Remove any marks located on the restoration.
12. Remove any excess amalgam from the surface of the restoration by using progressively lighter and
lighter strokes with the carving instruments. Finally, remove the amalgam crumbs by brushing the
surface with a wet cotton pellet.
View Video Clip 7 — Class II Amalgam Restoration
Grading Criteria
• Presence and correct location of proximal contact
• Cavosurface margins should be smooth and undetectable
• Occlusal anatomy should reproduce all cuspal inclines, marginal ridges, and pits correctly
• Marginal ridge height should be equal to adjacent tooth
• Surface finish should be smooth and free from detectable pits and voids

71
SELF-EVALUATION FORM INSTRUCTIONS: CLASS II AMALGAM RESTORATION

72

73

74
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Rest.: __________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 15–14 points
B = 13–11 points
C = 10–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Proximal
Contact
(lightly waxed floss)
Present
(visually closed,
floss snaps)
Present
(visually closed, light,
detectable with floss)
Present
(barely???)
No Contact
2. Cavosurface
Margins
WNL
undetectable with
explorer tyne)
Slight deviation
Moderate deviation
Unacceptable
overhangs)
3. Occlusal
Anatomy
WNL
(cusps, ridges,pits
correctly placed)
4. Marginal ridge
height
Even with
adjacent tooth
Within 0.5 mm of adjacent
tooth height
Greater than 0.5 mm
difference from
adjacent tooth height
Clinically
Acceptable
correctable)
Unacceptable
correctable)

75
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Rest.: __________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
A = 15–14 points
B = 13–11 points
C = 10–09 points
F = < 09 points
1. Proximal
Contact
Present
(visually closed,
floss snaps)
Present
Present
(barely???)
No Contact
2. Cavosurface
Margins
WNL
undetectable with
explorer tyne)
Slight deviation
Moderate deviation
Unacceptable
overhangs)
3. Occlusal
Anatomy
WNL
(cusps, ridges,pits
correctly placed)
4. Marginal ridge
height
Even with
adjacent tooth
tooth height
Greater than 0.5 mm
difference from
Clinically
Acceptable
correctable)
Unacceptable
correctable)

76
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Prep.: ___________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Occlusal
Depth
1.5 - 2.0 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.5 1.0 < 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1.0 mm)
Convex
(0.5 - 1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5 - 1mm)
1.0 – 1.5
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 1.5
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5 - 1.0)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5 - 1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form

77
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Prep.: ___________
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Occlusal
Depth
1.5 - 2.0 2 - 2.5 2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.5 1.0 < 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Axial Wall
(depth)
Convex
(1.0 mm)
Convex
(0.5 - 1 mm)
Flat, Concave
(0.5 - 1mm)
1.0 – 1.5
Flat, Concave
(<0.5 mm)
> 1.5
4. Proximal
Contacts
All contacts
open (.5 mm)
(Min. Axial
Wall Ht.=.5 or
score 0)
> 2contacts ideal
open(0.5 - 1.0)
>1 contact ideal
open (0.5 - 1.0)
Closed Contact
Contact Open
(> 1.0 mm)
5. Pulpal Floor
Gingival Floor
Smooth,
Perpendicular
6. Outline Form

78
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Rest.: __________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Proximal
Contact
Present
(visually closed,
floss snaps)
Present
Present
(barely???)
No Contact
2. Cavosurface
Margins
WNL
undetectable with
explorer tyne)
Slight deviation
Moderate deviation
Unacceptable
overhangs)
3. Occlusal
Anatomy
WNL
(cusps, ridges,pits
correctly placed)
4. Marginal ridge
height
Even with
adjacent tooth
tooth height
Greater than 0.5 mm
difference from
Clinically
Acceptable
correctable)
Unacceptable
correctable)

79
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
Rest.: __________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Proximal
Contact
Present
(visually closed,
floss snaps)
Present
Present
(barely???)
No Contact
2. Cavosurface
Margins
WNL
undetectable with
explorer tyne)
Slight deviation
Moderate deviation
Unacceptable
overhangs)
3. Occlusal
Anatomy
WNL
(cusps, ridges,pits
correctly placed)
4. Marginal ridge
height
Even with
adjacent tooth
tooth height
Greater than 0.5 mm
difference from
Clinically
Acceptable
correctable)
Unacceptable
correctable)

80
EXERCISE 12: CLASS I AMALGAM PREPARATION —
OCCLUSAL MAX. MOLAR #3
Instruments
Mirror
# 56 Bur
#169 Bur
#330 Bur
#245 Bur
Explorer
High-speed Handpiece
Articulating Ribbon
Periodontal Probe
1. Use the #330 bur in the high-speed handpiece to open into the central pit area of the tooth. Use light,
intermittent pressure to avoid creating burn marks. At this point, the depth should be 1.5 mm.
2. Extend the initial cut to the mesial, stopping at the mesial pit.
3. At the mesial pit, create a dove tail by extending the groove to the buccal and lingual, approximately the
width of the bur.
4. Create a slight dovetail parallel to the mesial side of the oblique ridge. Do not extend the prep into or
across the oblique ridge.
5. At the central pit area, using the #169 bur, extend the preparation into the buccal groove slightly larger
than the width of the bur. The buccal wall of this extension should diverge slightly as should the distal
wall of the preparation (that portion which borders the oblique ridge). The mesial wall of the preparation
should also diverge. All areas of the preparation that border a triangular ridge should converge slightly.
7. Finally, using the appropriate bur with your slow-speed handpiece, smooth all walls while deepening the
preparation to 2.0 mm.
Grading Criteria
• An even depth relative to the occlusal plane must be maintained throughout.
• Buccal and lingual walls should converge slightly in the triangular ridge areas.
• Buccal groove should diverge slightly as it approaches the buccal surface.
• The width of the central groove should be 1-1.5 mm. at the triangular ridge areas. The width of the buccal
extension should be slightly greater than the width of the #169 bur.
• Mesial and distal walls should diverge slightly out of the preparation.
• The mesial pit must be removed.
• At least 1.5 mm. of the marginal ridge must be left intact.
• The mesial and distal extensions must not extend past the upper inclines of the marginal and oblique
ridges.
• The slight dovetail should be formed into the mesial pit area.
• The pulpal floor should be smooth.
• The line angles should be definite.
Record all errors and describe them precisely in the space provided, total the points and assign a
grade. Points for any discrepancy not specifically addressed on the form should be deducted in the
final category

81
Converging Walls
Diverging Walls
Diverging Wall
Buccal
Lingual
Class I Distal Lingual Groove Preparation- mesial and distal walls of the preparation should
converge occlusally. Oblique ridge distal wall should never be undermined.

82
Evaluator: ____________________ Date: ___________
Number: __________
The Maxillary Molar (#14)
________
________
________
________
________
________
Total: ________
1. Occlusal
Depth
(Central Pit Area)
2 2 - 2.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.5 - 3.0
1.0 - 1.5
>3
<1.0
2. Isthmus
Width
1.0 – 1.5 <1
1.5 - 2.0
>2.0
3. Marginal
Ridge Width
1.5 mm 1.0 - 1.5 mm 1.5 – 2.0mm > 2.0 mm
<1.0 mm
4. Convergence
Divergence
All areas
converged/
diverged
correctly
(Slight Deviation)
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
(mb, ml,, db, dl, )
Convergence/
Divergence
Unacceptable
Perpendicular

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