Management of sexually transmitted diseases

1. 20.06.2018
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Sexually transmitted diseases
Tevfik Yoldemir MD BSc MA
www.yoldemir.com
Chancroid
• The combination of a painful genital ulcer and tender
suppurative inguinal adenopathy suggests the diagnosis of
chancroid
1) the patient has one or more painful genital ulcers;
2) the clinical presentation, appearance of genital ulcers and, if
present, regional lymphadenopathy are typical for chancroid;
3) the patient has no evidence of T. pallidum infection by
darkfield examination of ulcer exudate or by a serologic test for
syphilis performed at least 7 days after onset of ulcers; and
4) an HSV PCR test or HSV culture performed on the ulcer
exudate is negative
Chancroid
Recommended Regimens
Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose
OR
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM in a single dose
OR
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg orally twice a day for 3 days
OR
Erythromycin base 500 mg orally three times a day for 7 days
Herpes
• Painful multiple vesicular or ulcerative lesions typically associated
with HSV are absent in many infected persons.
• Cell culture and PCR are the preferred HSV tests for persons who
seek medical treatment for genital ulcers or other mucocutaneous
lesions.
Recommended Regimens
Acyclovir 400 mg orally three times a day for 7–10 days
OR
Acyclovir 200 mg orally five times a day for 7–10 days
OR
Valacyclovir 1 g orally twice a day for 7–10 days
OR
Famciclovir 250 mg orally three times a day for 7–10 days
Suppressivetherapyfor recurrentgenital
herpes
Recommended Regimens
Acyclovir 400 mg orally twice a day
OR
Valacyclovir 500 mg orally once a day*
OR
Valacyclovir 1 g orally once a day
OR
Famiciclovir 250 mg orally twice a day
Episodictherapyforrecurrentgenital herpes
Recommended Regimens
Acyclovir 400 mg orally three times a day for 5 days
OR
Acyclovir 800 mg orally twice a day for 5 days
OR
Acyclovir 800 mg orally three times a day for 2 days
OR
Valacyclovir 500 mg orally twice a day for 3 days
OR
Valacyclovir 1 g orally once a day for 5 days
OR
Famciclovir 125 mg orally twice daily for 5 days
OR
Famciclovir 1 gram orally twice daily for 1 day
OR
Famciclovir 500 mg once, followed by 250 mg twice daily for 2 days

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Suppressivetherapyof a pregnantwomen
Recommended regimenfor suppressive therapy of pregnant
women with recurrent genital herpes *
Acyclovir 400 mg orally three times a day
OR
Valacyclovir 500 mg orally twice a day
* Treatment recommended starting at 36 weeks of gestation
GranulomaInguinale(Donovanosis)
• Painless, slowly progressive ulcerative lesions on the genitals or
perineum without regional lymphadenopathy; subcutaneous
granulomas (pseudobuboes) also might occur.
• The lesions are highly vascular (i.e., beefy red appearance) and
bleed.
• Extragenitalinfection can occur with extension of infection to
the pelvis, or it can disseminate to intra-abdominal organs,
bones, or the mouth.
• The lesions also can develop secondary bacterial infection and
can coexist with other sexually transmitted pathogens.
• Diagnosis requires visualization of dark-staining Donovan
bodies on tissue crush preparation or biopsy.
RecommendedRegimen
Azithromycin 1 g orally once per week or 500 mg daily for at least 3
weeks and until all lesions have completely healed
Alternative Regimens
Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for at least 3 weeks and until all
lesions have completely healed
OR
Ciprofloxacin 750 mg orally twice a day for at least 3 weeks and until all
lesions have completely healed
OR
Erythromycin base 500 mg orally four times a day for at least 3 weeks
and until all lesions have completely healed
OR
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole one double-strength (160 mg/800 mg)
tablet orally twice a day for at least 3 weeks and until all lesions have
completely healed
LymphogranulomaVenereum
• tender inguinal and/or femoral lymphadenopathy that is
typicallyunilateral.
• A self-limited genital ulcer or papule sometimes occurs at the
site of inculation.
• Genital lesions, rectal specimens, and lymph node specimens
(i.e., lesion swab or bubo aspirate) can be tested for C.
trachomatis by culture, direct immunofluorescence, or nucleic
acid detection
• Chlamydia serology (complement fixation titers ≥1:64 or
microimmunofluorescencetiters >1:256) might support the
diagnosis of LGV
Recommended Regimen
Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 21 days
Alternative Regimen
Erythromycin base 500 mg orally four times a day for 21 days
Syphilis
• Persons who have syphilis might seek treatment for signs or
symptoms of primary syphilis infection (i.e., ulcers or chancre
at the infection site),
• secondary syphilis (i.e., manifestations that include, but are not
limited to, skin rash, mucocutaneous lesions, and
lymphadenopathy), or
• tertiary syphilis (i.e., cardiac, gummatous lesions, tabes
dorsalis, and general paresis).
• Darkfield examinations and tests to detect T. pallidum directly
from lesion exudate or tissue are the definitive methods for
diagnosing early syphilis.

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Recommended Regimen for Adults*
Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM in a single dose
Recommended Regimens for Adults*
Early Latent Syphilis
Benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM in a single dose
Late Latent Syphilis or Latent Syphilis of Unknown Duration
Benzathine penicillin G 7.2 million units total, administered as 3
doses of 2.4 million units IM each at 1-week intervals
Recommended Regimen for Infants and Children
Benzathine penicillin G 50,000 units/kg IM, up to the adult dose of
2.4 million units in a single dose
Recommended Regimens for Infants and Children
Early Latent Syphilis
Benzathine penicillin G 50,000 units/kg IM, up to the adult dose of
2.4 million units in a single dose
Late Latent Syphilis
Benzathine penicillin G 50,000 units/kg IM, up to the adult dose of
2.4 million units, administered as 3 doses at 1-week intervals (total
150,000 units/kg up to the adult total dose of 7.2 million units)
ChlamydialInfections
• C. trachomatis urogenital infection can be diagnosed in women
by testing first-catch urine or collecting swab specimens from
the endocervix or vagina.
• Diagnosis of C. trachomatis urethral infection in men can be
made by testing a urethral swab or first-catch urine specimen.
Recommended Regimens
Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose
OR
Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days
Alternative Regimens
Erythromycin base 500 mg orally four times a day for 7 days
OR
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 800 mg orally four times a day for
7 days
OR
Levofloxacin 500 mg orally once daily for 7 days
OR
Ofloxacin 300 mg orally twice a day for 7 days
Pregnancy
Recommended Regimens
Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose
Alternative Regimens
Amoxicillin 500 mg orally three times a day for 7 days
OR
Erythromycin base 500 mg orally four times a day for 7 days
OR
Erythromycin base 250 mg orally four times a day for 14 days
OR
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 800 mg orally four times a day for 7 days
OR
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 400 mg orally four times a day for 14 days
GonococcalInfections
• Culture and NAAT are available for the detection of
genitourinary infection with N. gonorrhoeae (394); culture
requires endocervical (women) or urethral (men) swab
specimens
• Detection of infection using Gram stain of endocervical,
pharyngeal, and rectal specimens also is insufficient and is not
recommended. MB/GV stain of urethral secretions is an
alternative point-of-care diagnostic test with performance
characteristics similar to Gram stain.
• Presumed gonococcal infection is established by documenting
the presence of WBC containing intracellular purple diplococci
in MB/GV smears.

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Recommended Regimen
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM in a single dose
PLUS
Azithromycin 1g orally in a single dose
Alternative Regimens
If ceftriaxone is not available:
Cefixime 400 mg orally in a single dose
PLUS
Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose
BacterialVaginosis
• anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Prevotella sp. and Mobiluncus sp.), G.
vaginalis, Ureaplasma, Mycoplasma, and numerous fastidious
or uncultivated anaerobes.
• Gram stain (considered the gold standard laboratory method
for diagnosing BV) is used to determine the relative
concentration of lactobacilli (i.e., long Gram-positive rods),
Gram-negative and Gram-variable rods and cocci (i.e., G.
vaginalis, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and peptostreptococci),
and curved Gram-negative rods (i.e., Mobiluncus) characteristic
of BV.
Clinical criteria require three of the following symptoms or signs:
• homogeneous, thin, white discharge that smoothly coats the
vaginal walls;
• clue cells (e.g., vaginal epithelial cells studded with adherent
coccoobacilli) on microscopic examination;
• pH of vaginal fluid >4.5; or
• a fishy odor of vaginal discharge before or after addition of 10%
KOH (i.e., the whiff test).
RecommendedRegimens
Metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for 7 days
OR
Metronidazole gel 0.75%, one full applicator (5 g) intravaginally, once a day
for 5 days
OR
Clindamycin cream 2%, one full applicator (5 g) intravaginally at bedtime for
7 days
Alternative Regimens
Tinidazole 2 g orally once daily for 2 days
OR
Tinidazole 1 g orally once daily for 5 days
OR
Clindamycin 300 mg orally twice daily for 7 days
OR
Clindamycin ovules 100 mg intravaginally once at bedtime for 3 days*
Trichomoniasis
Recommended Regimen
Metronidazole 2 g orally in a single dose
OR
Tinidazole 2 g orally in a single dose
Alternative Regimen
Metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for 7 days
VulvovaginalCandidiasis
• Use of 10% KOH in wet preparations improves the visualization
of yeast and mycelia by disrupting cellular material that might
obscure the yeast or pseudohyphae.
• Examination of a wet mount with KOH preparation should be
performed for all women with symptoms or signs of VVC

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VulvovaginalCandidiasis
Recommended Regimens
Over-the-Counter Intravaginal Agents:
Clotrimazole 1% cream 5 g intravaginally daily for 7–14 days
OR
Clotrimazole 2% cream 5 g intravaginally daily for 3 days
OR
Miconazole 2% cream 5 g intravaginally daily for 7 days
OR
Miconazole 4% cream 5 g intravaginally daily for 3 days
OR
Miconazole 100 mg vaginal suppository, one suppository daily for 7 da
OR
Miconazole 200 mg vaginal suppository, one suppository for 3 days
OR
Miconazole 1,200 mg vaginal suppository, one suppository for 1 day
OR
Tioconazole 6.5% ointment 5 g intravaginally in a single application
• Prescription Intravaginal Agents:
• Butoconazole 2% cream (single dose bioadhesive product), 5 g
intravaginally in a single application
• OR
• Terconazole 0.4% cream 5 g intravaginally daily for 7 days
• OR
• Terconazole 0.8% cream 5 g intravaginally daily for 3 days
• OR
• Terconazole 80 mg vaginal suppository, one suppository daily for 3
days
• Oral Agent:
• Fluconazole 150 mg orally in a single dose
Pelvic InflammatoryDisease
If one or more of the following minimum clinical criteria are present on
pelvic examination:
• cervical motion tenderness or uterine tenderness or adnexal
tenderness.
One or more of the following additional criteria can be used to
enhance the specificity of the minimum clinical criteria and support a
diagnosis of PID:
• oral temperature >101°F (>38.3°C);
• abnormal cervical mucopurulent discharge or cervical friability;
• presence of abundant numbers of WBC on saline microscopy of
vaginal fluid;
• elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate;
• elevated C-reactive protein; and
• laboratory documentation of cervical infection with N. gonorrhoeae
or C. trachomatis.
DifferentialDiagnosisfor PID
• Endometriosis
• Appendicitis & other gastro conditions
• Appendicitis is unilateral and right sided
• PID is bilateral
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Always do a pregnancy test
• Urinary tract infection or stone
• “Ovarian cysts”
• Lower genital tract infection
PID Sequelae
• Chronic Pelvic Pain (15-20 %)
• Ectopic pregnancy (6-10 fold ↑Risk)
• At least 50% of tubal pregnancies have histology
of PID
• Infertility (Tubal)
• 10 – 15% after one episode
• 20% ~ 2 episode
• >40% ~ 3 episodes
• Recurrence of acute PID at least 25%
• Male genital disease in 25%

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RecommendedParenteralRegimens
Cefotetan 2 g IV every 12 hours
PLUS
Doxycycline 100 mg orally or IV every 12 hours
OR
Cefoxitin 2 g IV every 6 hours
PLUS
Doxycycline 100 mg orally or IV every 12 hours
OR
Clindamycin 900 mg IV every 8 hours
PLUS
Gentamicin loading dose IV or IM (2 mg/kg), followed by a
maintenance dose (1.5 mg/kg) every 8 hours. Single daily dosing
(3–5 mg/kg) can be substituted.
AlternativeParenteralRegimen
Ampicillin/Sulbactam 3 g IV every 6 hours
PLUS
Doxycycline 100 mg orally or IV every 12 hours
RecommendedIntramuscular/OralRegimens
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM in a single dose
PLUS
Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 14 days
WITH* or WITHOUT
Metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for 14 days
OR
Cefoxitin 2 g IM in a single dose and Probenecid, 1 g orally administered
concurrently in a single dose
PLUS
Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 14 days
WITH or WITHOUT
Metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for 14 days
OR
Other parenteral third-generation cephalosporin (e.g., ceftizoxime or cefotaxime)
PLUS
Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 14 days
WITH* or WITHOUT
Metronidazole 500 mg orally twice a day for 14 days
RecommendedRegimensfor External
AnogenitalWarts
(i.e., penis, groin, scrotum, vulva, perineum, external anus, and perianus*)
Patient-Applied:
Imiquimod 3.75% or 5% cream†
OR
Podofilox 0.5% solution or gel
OR
Sinecatechins 15% ointment†
Provider–Administered:
Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen or cryoprobe
OR
Surgical removal either by tangential scissor excision, tangential shave
excision, curettage, laser, or electrosurgery
OR
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or bichloroacetic acid (BCA) 80%–90% solution
RecommendedRegimensfor Vaginal Warts
Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. The use of a cryoprobe in the
vagina is not recommended because of the risk for vaginal
perforation and fistula formation.
OR
Surgical removal
OR
TCA or BCA 80%–90% solution
RecommendedRegimensfor CervicalWarts
Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
OR
Surgical removal
OR
TCA or BCA 80%–90% solution
Management of cervical warts should include consultation with a
specialist.
For women who have exophytic cervical warts, a biopsy
evaluation to exclude high-grade SIL must be performed before
treatment is initiated

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Q & A
www.slideshare.net/dryoldemir
tevfik.yoldemir@marmara.edu.tr