2. From Yesterday to Today
1936-1940
1950-1970
1991
1992
video telephone network, first
used commercially serving
German cities
‘Picture Phone’, the first video
conferencing system, by AT&T
Company during the World’s
Fair held in NY.
IBM introduced the first PC-
based video conferencing
system, named
Macintosh revolutionized the
world with its CU-SeeMe
system, which was by far the
best video system developed
to date, making VC available
to most businesses.
2001
The first video conferencing
portable devices were
released and television
reporters brought them into
war zones for live footage
1995
The first public
videoconference between
North America and Africa took
place
3. Important Developments
• Relatively low cost
• High capacity broadband
telecommunication services
• Powerful computing
processors
• Video compression
techniques
4. 1. Cost
1982
1984
1986
1991
Compression Labs’ VC Product
Equipment:
$250,000
Each Line per Hour:
$1,000
Concept
Communication’s VC
Product
(a circuit board fitting
into standard personal
computers)
Equipment:
$12,000
PictureTel's VC system
Equipment:
$80,000
Each Line per Hour:
$100
IBM’s Black-and-white VC
system
Equipment:
$20,000
Each Line per Hour:
$30
2015
Cloud-based
services reduce
monthly costs to
less than the cost
of a domestic
flight.
5. 2. Quality
1950s
1980s
2000s
2010s
Used normal telephony
networks to transmit
slow-scan video, with
poor picture quality
Doubled video frame
from 15 to 30 frames
per second
In 2005, the first HD VC
system achieved 30
frames per second at
1280 by 720 display
resolution.
High definition resolution
has become a standard
video feature.
6. 3. Size
Early
1984
1990s
2010s
100 pound computers
necessary for
teleconferencing
A circuit board
fitting into standard
personal computers
From very expensive
proprietary equipment to
desktop or PC-based VC
From broad room VC to
mobile, wearable devices
7. 4. Data Transfer Capability
1970s
1982
1990s
PicturePhone
• 1 MHz
• 6 Megabit Rate
IBM Japan’s internal
videoconferencing
links
• 48,000 bps
Development in
High Capacity Broadband
Telecommunications
Services
8. 5. Protocols
1976
1981
1990s
2014
Network Video Protocol
(NVP)
Packet Video
Protocol
(PVP)
Integrated Services for
Digital Network (ISDN)
A maximum of 128 Kbit/s
H.325
“Advanced
Multimedia System”
video, voice, app
sharing, file
exchange, and more
1982
H.120
1990
H.261
1996
H.263
1996
SIP & H.323
Only possible
on an IP
network
9. 6. Multi-Point Video
1968
1993
2010s
First multiple user VC
demonstrated with
Stanford Research
Institute’s NLS
computer technology
Mac introduced
Multipoint Video
Conferencing
Multipoint bridging
became a standard
feature.
