Economic outlook: Finnish technology industry and economy, monthly statistics

1. Technology Industry /
Finnish Economic Outlook
May 2016

2. • 50% of total Finnish exports.
• 75% of private-sector
R&D investment.
• Almost 280,000 employed directly in
the sector, 700,000 employed in total,
equalling about 30% of the entire
Finnish labour force.
• The Federation of Finnish Technology
Industries has over 1,600 member
companies.
2
The Technology Industry –
the Largest Export Sector in Finland
16.5.2016

3. Mechanical Engineering
Abloy, Cargotec, Finn-Power, Fiskars,
Glaston, Kone, Konecranes, Metso,
Meyer Turku, Normet, Oras, Patria,
Pemamek, Ponsse, Stala, Valmet, Valtra,
Wärtsilä…
Electronics and
Electrotechnical Industry
ABB, Ensto, Microsoft Mobile,
Murata Electronics, Nokia,
Planmeca, Polar Electro, Suunto,
Vacon, Vaisala…
Information Technology
Affecto, Basware, Bilot, CGI,
Comptel, Digia, Efecte, Enfo,
F-Secure, Fujitsu Finland, IBM,
Innofactor, Knowit, Microsoft,
Nixu, Tieto…
Metals Industry
Boliden, Componenta,
Kuusakoski, Luvata, Outokumpu,
Outotec, Ovako, Sacotec,
SSAB …
Consulting Engineering
A-Insinöörit, Citec, Elomatic,
Etteplan, FCG, Granlund, Neste
Jacobs, Pöyry, Ramboll,
Rejlers, SITO, SWECO, WSP...
The Finnish Technology Industry Is Comprised of
Five Sub-Sectors
16.5.20163

4. The Finnish Technology Industry is Comprised of
Five Sub-Sectors
Electronics and
Electrotechnical Industry
• Data communications equipment,
electrical machinery, medical technology
products
• Turnover (2015): 13.2 billion euros
• Personnel (2015): 40,500
Metals Industry
• Steel products, non-ferrous
metals, castings
• Turnover (2015): 9.1 billion euros
• Personnel (2015): 15,100
Mechanical Engineering
• Machinery, metal products,
vehicles
• Turnover (2015): 27.7 billion euros
• Personnel (2015): 121,000
Consulting Engineering
• Expertise for construction industry
and infrastructure
• Turnover (2015): 5.5 billion euros
• Personnel (2015): 47,300
Information Technology
• IT services, applications
and programming
• Turnover (2015): 10.7 billion euros
• Personnel (2015): 57,900
16.5.20164

5. 16.5.20165
Turnover of the Technology Industry in Finland
Source: Macrobond, Statistics Finland

6. 16.5.20166
Export of Technology Industry Goods from
Finland by Area in 2015
Total goods exports 26.7 billion euros*
North America
2.6 billion €
9.6 %
Western Europe
14.4 billion €
53.7 %
Middle and
Central East
0.7 billion €
2.5 %
Asia
3.8 billion €
14.4 %
Africa
0.5 billion €
1.9 %
South and Middle America
0.9 billion €
3.3 %
Central and Eastern Europe
3.8 billion €
14.6 %
*) In addition to goods exports the sector exported services worth some 10 billion euros.
Source: National Board of Customs, Statistics Finland

7. 16.5.20167
Turnover of the Industry and Technology
Industry in Finland
Source: Macrobond, Statistics Finland

8. 16.5.20168
Turnover of the Technology Industry in Finland
Source: Macrobond, Statistics Finland

9. 8.6.20159
Value of New Orders in the Technology Industry* in
Finland
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
Combined
Export
Domestic
Million euros, at current prices
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information January-March 2016
*) Excluding metals industry
and game industry
companies.
Change: I,2016 / I,2015 I,2016 / IV,2015
Export: +4 % -14 %
Domestic: -10 % -25 %
Combined: 0 % -16 %
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

10. 8.6.201510
Value of Order Books in the Technology Industry* in
Finland
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
Export
Domestic
Million euros, at current prices
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information 31.3.2016
*) Excluding metals industry
and game industry
companies.
Combined
Change: 31.3.2016 / 31.3.2015 31.3.2016 / 31.12.2015
Export: +25 % 0 %
Domestic: 0 % -4 %
Combined: +17 % -2 %

11. Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey,
latest information April 2016.
“Have you experienced a notable increase or decrease in the number of requests for tenders in recent weeks in comparison to the
situation three months ago?”. Balance figure = the number of companies receiving more requests - the number of companies receiving
less requests.
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
Balance figure
16.5.201611
Tender Requests* Received by Technology Industry
Companies in Finland
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

12. 8.6.201512
Value of New Orders in the Electronics and
Electrotechnical Industry in Finland
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
Combined
Export
Domestic
Million euros, at current prices
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Change: I,2016 / I,2015 I,2016 / IV,2015
Export: +12 % -13 %
Domestic: -37 % -50 %
Combined: +2 % -20 %
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information January-March 2016

13. 8.6.201513
Value of Order Books in the Electronics and
Electrotechnical Industry in Finland
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
6,000
6,500
7,000
7,500
8,000
8,500
9,000
Export
Domestic
Combined
Million euros, at current prices
Change: 31.3.2016 / 31.3.2015 31.3.2016 / 31.12.2015
Export: +16 % -7 %
Domestic: -30 % -38 %
Combined: +7 % -13 %
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information 31.3.2016

14. 8.6.201514
Value on New Orders in the Mechanical Engineering
in Finland
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
5,500
Combined
Export
Domestic
Million euros, at current prices
Change: I,2016 / I,2015 I,2016 / IV,2015
Export: -5 % -15 %
Domestic: +17 % +4 %
Combined: 0 % -10 %
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information January-March 2016
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

15. 8.6.201515
Value of Order Books in the Mechanical Engineering
in Finland
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
Export
Domestic
Combined
Million euros, at current prices
Change: 31.3.2016 / 31.3.2015 31.3.2016 / 31.12.2015
Export: +36 % +2 %
Domestic: +3 % +2 %
Combined: +28 % +2 %
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information 31.3.2016

16. 8.6.201516
Value of New Orders in the Consulting Engineering
in Finland
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
Combined
Export
Domestic
Million euros, at current prices
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Change: I,2016 / I,2015 I,2016 / IV,2015
Export: +33 % +20 %
Domestic: +10 % +11 %
Combined: +12 % +12 %
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information January-March 2016

17. 8.6.201517
Value of Order Books in the Consulting Engineering
in Finland
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
Export
Domestic
Combined
Million euros, at current prices
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information 31.3.2016
Change: 31.3.2016 / 31.3.2015 31.3.2016 / 31.12.2015
Export: -2 % +10 %
Domestic: +25 % +6 %
Combined: +20 % +7 %

18. 8.6.201518
Value of New Orders in the Information Technology
in Finland
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Million euros, at current prices
Change: I,2016 / I,2015 I,2016 / IV,2015
Combined: -15 % -31 %
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information January-March 2016
*) Excl. game
industry companies

19. 8.6.201519
Value of Order Books in the Information Technology
in Finland
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,700
1,800
1,900
Million euros, at current prices
Change: 31.3.2016 / 31.3.2015 31.3.2016 / 31.3.2015
Combined: +3 % -6 %
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ order book survey’s respondent companies,
latest information 31.3.2016
*) Excl. game
industry companies
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

20. 30.7.201520
Personnel in the Technology Industry
150,000
170,000
190,000
210,000
230,000
250,000
270,000
290,000
310,000
330,000
350,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
(31.3)
Personnel in Finland Personnel in subsidiaries abroad
Source: Statistics Finland, The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’ labour force survey
Some 14,000 of personnel
affected by temporary or
part-time lay-offs 31.3.2016

21. 7.5.201521
Technology Industry Personnel in Finland by Branch
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
(31.3)Electronics and Electrotechnical Industry Mechanical engineering industry
Metals industry Consulting engineering
Information technology
Source: Statistics Finland, The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’labour force survey

22. 7.5.201522
Technology Industry Personnel in Subsidiaries
Abroad by Branch
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
200,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Electronics and Electrotechnical Industry Mechanical engineering industry
Metals industry Consulting engineering
Information technology
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology Industries’labour force survey

23. Retirement of Technology Industry Personnel
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Number of individuals retired Number of individuals retiring (estimation)
Source: Wage inquiry of the Federation of Finnish Technology Industries,
Finnish Centre for Pensions, Statistics Finland
Individuals per year
Salaried employees
Blue collar employees
16.5.201623

24. Retirement of Technology Industry Blue Collar
Employees
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030
Mechanical engineering Metals industry Electronics and electrotechnical industry
Source: Wage inquiry of the Federation of Finnish Technology Industries, Finnish
Centre for Pensions, Statistics Finland
Individuals per year
16.5.201624

25.  - Finland is in the grip of structural change. Development remains uneven between
companies.
 - Turnover in Finland lowered slihtly in 2015 compared to the year 2014. Turnover totalled
EUR 66 billion. In the pre-crisis year 2008 it was EUR 86 billion.
 - The monetary value of new orders reported between January-March 2016 was at the
same level than in the corresponding period in 2015, but 16 % lower than in the preceding
quarter.
 - At the end of March, the value of order books was 17 % higher year-on-year, but 2 %
lower the value reported at the end of December.
 - The turnover of technology industry companies in the spring of 2016 is expected to
remain at the same level or a slightly lower level as in the corresponding period last year.
 - Since 2008, personnel numbers in Finland have shrunk by 48,000 employees, totalling
on average 278,000 at the end of March 2016.
Economic Outlook in the Technology Industry
16.5.201625

26. Outlook in the Global
Economy is Uncertain
16.5.201626

27. 16.5.201627
GDP Has Been Growing in Western Europe and USA ,
Except in Finland
Source: Macrobond

28. 16.5.201628
Growth is Lowering in China, Remaining Fast in India
Recession Continues in Russia and Brazil
Share of global GDP in China, Brazil and Russia is 23%, in China 16% (adjusted for PP)
Source: Macrobond

29. GDP Growth Has Continued in Eurozone in April, but
at the Slower Rate
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI), 50 = no change from previous month
Latest information April 2016.
Source: Markit
16.5.201629

30. Industrial Production Volume
Source: Macrobond
16.5.201630

31. Industrial Production Volume in EU Countries
Source: Macrobond
16.5.201631

32. 16.5.201632
Global Industrial Production Growth Continues at
Slow Rate
Source: Macrobond, The CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis

33. 16.5.201633
Industrial Production in China is Dropping
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI) in manufacturing industry in China
50 = no change from previous month
Latest information April 2016.
Source: Markit

34. Industrial Production in Russia is Dropping
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI) in manufacturing industry in Russia
50 = no change from previous month
Latest information April 2016.
Source: Markit
16.5.201634

35. Industrial Production in Brazil is Dropping
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI) in manufacturing industry in Russia
50 = no change from previous month
Latest information April 2016.
Source: Markit
16.5.201635

36. 16.5.201636
Industrial Production in USA is Slightly Increasing
Purchase Managers’ Index (PMI) in manufacturing industry in Russia
50 = no change from previous month
Lähde: Macrobond

37. 16.5.201637
Growth of Residence Construction Has Lowered in
China
Share of China in Asian GDP is 42% (adjusted for PP)
Source: Macrobond

38. 16.5.201638
Fixed Investments in Russia and Brazil are Falling
Share of Russia in European GDP is 13% (adjusted for PP)
Share of Brazil in Latin American GDP is 35% (adjusted for PP)
Source: Macrobond

39. 16.5.201639
Import to Emerging Countries Has Lowered
Import volume development
Source: Macrobond, The CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis

40. 16.5.201640
Import to China Has Reduced from Other Countries
Source: Macrobond

41. Exports from EU Countries to Russia is Falling
Source: Macrobond
16.5.201641

42. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
16.5.2016
Russia’s* Share of Technology Industry Exports
from Finland Has Declined Again to the Level of
Five Per Cent
%
*) Soviet Union up to 1991.
Source: Finnish Customs

43. 16.5.201643
Exchange Rates in Emerging Countries are Varying
Source: Macrobond

44. 16.5.2016
Global Economy is Expected to Grow by 3.2 % in
2016
GDP growth in 2016, %
Source: IMF (April 2016)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
North America
Western Europe
Japan
China
India
Rest of
Asia
RestofEasternEurope
Russia
Brazil
Mexico
RestofLatin
America
MiddleEastandAfrica
The width of the bar indicates the share of global GDP in 2015 (adjusted for purchasing power parity), %
Average growth:
+3,2 %

45. 16.5.2016
Export Demand for Technology Industry in Finland
Will Grow by 2.0% in 2016
GDP growth 2016/2015, %
Source: IMF (April 2016), Board of Customs
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
North America
Western Europe
Japan
China
India
Rest of
Asia
RestofEastern
Europe
Russia
Brazil
MexicoRestofLatin
America
MiddleEastandAfrica
The width of the bar indicates the export share of technology industry from Finland in 2015, %
Average growth:
+2.0%

46. Breakdown of World Industrial Production
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Asia
North America
Europe
Purchasing power parity adjusted shares.
Source: Maddison (Historical Statistics), IMF and ETLA
%
16.5.201646

47. Industrial Production Development by Year
Source: Macrobond
16.5.201647

48. The Big Challenge for
Finland after 2008
16.5.201648

49. Finnish Exports up to EUR 30 Billion Short of
Annual Target Level
Source: Macronond, Statistics Finland / National Accounts16.5.201649

50. Finnish Exports Lagging Behind Competitors
Source: Macrobond, Eurostat16.5.201650

51. The Share of Industry in GDP in Finland 1900-2014
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Industry* Industry + service sectors in the technology industry
*) During 1900-1974 industry covers also mines, energy, water and refuse collection sectors.
Source: Statistics Finland / National Accounts
16.5.201651

52. 16.5.201652
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
Industrial
production ability
(production with
capacity in full
use), left. Scale
Industrial
production
(2008=100), left
scale
Capacity utilization
rate, %, right scale
-20%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
-21%
Source: Statistics Finland / National Accounts, Industrial volume index
Finland’s Industrial Production Will not Regain the
Level of 2008 with the Present Production Capacity
Finland’s production capasity has decreased by 20%

53. Growth of Public Debt and Tax Rate in Finland
Increased cost burden requires cuts to public sector
Source: Macrobond, Statistics Finland
16.5.201653

54. 85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015e 2016e 2017e
Corporate sector fixed investments, index 2005=100
Sweden
The Netherlands
USA
Germany
Switzerland
Finland
16.5.201654
Upswing of Investments Required in Finland
Source: OECD, Economic Outlook 2015

55. 0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
9,000
10,000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015e 2016e
Manufacturing industry Technology industry
Industrial Companies’ Investment Plans Indicate an
Increase in Investments Both in 2015 and 2016
Industrial fixed and R&D investments in Finland
Source: Statistics Finland, Confederation of Finnish Industries’
Investment Survey (January 2016)
Million euros, at current prices
16.5.201655

56. 95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Manufacturing industry
Technology industry
National economy
Turning Point of Productivity* Development in Finland
After 2008 Finland has lost considerable volume production in electronics, forest and
machinery industries**
Source: Statistics Finland / National Accounts
*) Productivity is measured as real value added per hours worked. When productivity grows (the curve rises)
value added grows more than hours worked.
Value added = turnover – purchasing of materials and services
Value added = labour costs + rents + depreciations + profits
**) The production capasity of
current industry does not enable the
similar productivity development as
during the years 2000-2008
16.5.201656
Index, 2000=100

57. 90
95
100
105
110
115
120
Compared to Belgium Compared to Germany Compared to Spain
Compared to Italy Compared to the Netherlands Compared to Austria
Compared to Finland
*) In the ECB Harmonised Competitiveness Index, the average effective exchange rate of each country is
calculated vis-à-vis 20 to 30 main trade partners, as well as the development of unit labour costs for the total
economy.
Latest information III/2015. Source: European Central Bank
Finland’s price
and cost
competitiveness
declines
2005,I =100
Finland’s price
and cost
competitiveness
improves
Unit Labour Costs at the National Economy Level
Unit labour costs = labour costs / productivity, including the influence of effective
exchange rates
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
16.5.201657

58.  Support the renewal of the industry
 Taxes should support growth and investment in Finland
 Support decision making in companies related to compensation and
working time
 No new European nor national burdens on companies, which are
deteriorating the competitiveness
What should be done?
16.5.201658

59.  Global Structural Change Set to Continue Apace
– Industrial production and services will relocate to rapidly developing economic areas
– Strong growth, large markets, cheap labour and increasing expertise will increase the
attractiveness of these regions.
 Competition over Skills and Raw Materials Set to Increase
– Due to an increase in retirement, the sector’s annual recruitment need in Finland will rise
considerably in the coming years.
– The availability of reasonably-priced energy also threatens to become an investment
bottleneck in Finland
 Combating Climate Change
– A challenge as costs are set to grow faster than in competitor countries
– An opportunity for new environmental and energy technologies
Long-Term Outlook and Challenges
16.5.201659

60. The Federation of Finnish
Technology Industries
16.5.201660

61. The Federation’s Member Companies 2014
61
71,069
38%
28,089
14%
25,997
17%
58,617
31%
1,439
91%
80
5%
46
3%
23
1%
Number of enteprises / 1 583 Number of personnel / 183 772
1–249 employees
250–499 employees
500–999 employees
1000– employees
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology industries16.5.2016

62. 62
The Federation’s SME Member Companies 2014
506
35%
475
33%
258
18%
206
14%
Number of enterprises / 1 439 Number of personnel / 71 069
1–19 employees
20–49 employees
50–99 employees
100–249 employees
5,261
7%
15,047
21%
18,263
27%
32,498
45%
Source: The Federation of Finnish Technology industries
16.5.2016