Wisdom of Science Magazine-Oct 2023 WisdomofScience.com

1. Oct 2023
Psychology
Wisdom0fScience.com
Hydrogen found in the
atmosphere of the planet
Jupiter
Radium-223 used for
Cancer Treatment
Switching from Harmful to
Helpful Fungi
Risks and Dangers associated
with the Dark Web
Diet, Exercise Improve Outcomes
of Chemotherapy
(Special Issue)

2. 1.
Volume-01 Issue- Oct 2023
© 2023 Wisdom of Science
Published in New Delhi (India).
Editor responsible for Selection
& Publication of Articles :
Ravee Shekhar
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Content:
Hydrogen found in the atmosphere of
the planet Jupiter - 2.
Radium-223 used for Cancer
Treatment - 8.
Closest black holes to Earth found
in the Hyades star cluster - 4.
Synchronizing Your Internal
Clocks May Help Mitigate Jet
Lag, Effects of Aging - 6.
Switching from Harmful to
Helpful Fungi - 10.
Plant cell wall modifying enzymes
opens new horizons - 12.
3D-printed ‘Living Material’ could
clean up Contaminated Water - 14.
Making cities greener doesn’t just
capture Carbon, it reduces - 16.
Human-AI collaboration improves
Source Search Outcomes - 18.
Risks and Dangers associated
with the Dark Web - 20.
Diet, Exercise Improve Outcomes
of Chemotherapy - 21.
Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
Improves Quality of Life in Aged 60+ -23.
Can consumers understand that there is
more to Palm oil than deforestation? - 25.
Opposites Personality don't
actually Attract - 27.
How the Human Brain organizes
Language - 30.
At which age we are at
most Happy - 31.
Biography: Sigmund Freud
- 32.

3. Hydrogen found in the atmosphere of the
planet Jupiter
Researchers from the Institute of
Laser Physics in Siberia studied the
atmosphere of the famous "hot
Jupiter" HD 189733b. They
discovered the reason why it is
difficult to find hydrogen in the
planet's atmosphere. They also
described the physical and chemical
features of this planetary system.
Exoplanets are planets that exist
outside of our Solar system. The
most researched planets are the ones
known as hot Jupiters. These objects
are similar to Jupiter in terms of their
size and weight, but they orbit their
stars 10 times closer than Mercury
orbits the Sun. When planets are very
close to each other and very hot, the
atmosphere can escape quickly. We
can study the movement and the
contents of the escaping atmosphere
using transit spectroscopy.
This method involves measuring how much of a star's radiation gets absorbed by a
planet's atmosphere. It helps to determine what elements are in the atmosphere and
provides information about the speed and amount of different elements.
For over ten years,
scientists have been
studying and observing
HD 189733b using
telescopes. The planet
gained fame because it
looks blue.
One of the most fascinating puzzles on this planet
was the "disappearing" movement in the hydrogen
line called Lya. The measurements of absorbance in
this range of wavelengths were found to be quite
inconsistent. There have been two times where we
noticed a slight improvement in the situation of the
IK-line of helium at 1083 nm.
2.

4. However, the improvement was not the same both times. These changes show that
the way matter flows out of the planet HD 189733b has changed a lot. The best way
to figure out why this has happened is by using computer models.
Distribution of the proton temperature (left panel, meridional plane) and ENA density (right
panel, orbital plane) around HD189733b
Distribution of proton density around HD189733b
Scientists from the Institute of Laser
Physics in Siberia have developed a
highly advanced tool for studying the
atmosphere of exoplanets. This
instrument helps them understand the
absorption of light during a transit.
Scientists discovered that the reason for
unstable absorptions in the hydrogen line
Lya on HD 189733b is likely due to the
high activity of the star it orbits. This
activity causes an increase in the amount
of radiation in the ultraviolet area and a
faster loss of stellar material.
We found that when certain things
change, it can affect how we detect the
absorption of hydrogen and helium in the
atmosphere of a star. These changes
are caused by atoms forming in the
star's strong wind. The absorption in the
helium line can be different depending
on the changes.
Credit: The Astrophysical Journal
3.

5. A new study
suggests that there
are black holes in a
cluster close to our
solar system.
These black holes
would be the
closest ones to
Earth that scientists
have found so far.
The research
findings come from
a team of scientists
led by Stefano
Torniamenti, from
the University of
Padua in Italy.
This information was discovered when Stefano Torniamenti, an expert, was doing
research at the ICCUB, one of the research units in the IEEC.
Are there black holes in the Hyades star cluster ?
Black holes have been a really interesting and puzzling thing in space ever since we
found out about them. People from all over the world have been studying them. This is
especially true for small black holes because scientists have seen them when they
discovered gravitational waves. Since scientists found the first gravitational waves in
2015, they have seen lots of events where small black holes come together. In the
study, scientists used computer programs to see how the stars in the Hyades move
and change over time. The Hyades is a group of stars that is about 150 light-years
away from the Sun.
Open clusters are
groups of stars that are
close together & have
similar ages and
chemical characteristics.
The simulation results were
checked by comparing them
to the real positions and
speeds of the stars in the
Hyades.
These real positions and
speeds were measured
accurately by the European
Space Agency's Gaia
satellite.
Closest black holes to Earth found in the
Hyades star cluster
4.

6. In the past few years, the Gaia space
telescope has made a big discovery. It
can now study the position and speed of
stars in open clusters really well. It can
even recognize specific stars with
certainty.
This discovery helps us learn about the
impact of black holes on the
development of star clusters and how
star clusters contribute to sources of
gravitational waves. "These findings also
help us understand how these unknown
objects are spread out throughout the
galaxy. "
5.
A researcher at the University of Padua,
says that our computer models can only
accurately represent the mass and size
of the Hyades cluster if there are black
holes at the center of the cluster now or
very recently.
The way the Hyades looks is most
accurately shown by computer models
with two or three black holes right now.
But even computer models where all the
black holes were kicked out a long time
ago can still match pretty well. This is
because the cluster's history couldn't
completely get rid of the signs that there
used to be black holes in it.
The recent findings show that the black holes that formed in the Hyades cluster are
still around or very near the cluster. This means that these black holes are the ones
that are nearest to the Sun, much closer than the other black hole called Gaia BH1,
which is 480 parsecs away from the Sun.
Credit: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Next Issue
Engineering & Technology
Special

7. Going to distant places is a good
way to have new experiences, but
feeling tired and disoriented after
the journey can be a downside.
Getting used to a different time
zone can make you feel tired,
make it hard for you to sleep, and
cause other issues that can make
a fun trip unpleasant.
Jet lag happens when our body's
internal clock is different from the
time in our surroundings. In
simpler terms, scientists
discovered that our body has
many internal clocks that work in
different ways. When these clocks
get out of sync with each other, it
can cause symptoms similar to jet
lag. This can occur in various
ways and becomes more
common as one gets older.
In a Chaos magazine, a group of scientists
from Northwestern University and the Santa
Fe Institute created a plan to study how
different internal clocks interact when we get
older or experience disruptions like jet lag.
New studies have found that the body has
internal clocks in most of its cells and tissues.
Each part of the body has different cues it
uses to adjust or calibrate itself. The brain's
clock relies on sunlight, and the peripheral
organs calibrate themselves based on
mealtime.
"When we experience contradictory signs
like warm weather when it's supposed to be
cold or eating late at night when our brain is
ready to sleep, it can disrupt our internal
clocks and cause them to fall out of sync. "
Currently, we don't know much about how the
body's different internal clocks influence each
other. Researchers often use simpler models
because it is difficult to account for multiple
clocks.
Synchronizing Your Internal Clocks may
Help Mitigate Jet Lag, Effects of Aging
6.

8. Image Credit: www.mountelizabeth.com
Researcher said that many studies usually only look at one time signal or one clock.
We still don't fully understand how multiple clocks sync up when they receive different
time signals. The team used a different method by creating a mathematical model that
considers how different systems interact with each other. Their model has two groups
of connected oscillators that imitate the natural patterns of day and night cycles. Each
oscillator affects the others and adjusts at the same time based on different external
signals.
With this model, the team could study how a connected system can be disturbed and
understand what makes the impact more severe. Researchers discovered that as
people age, they experience common symptoms like a decrease in communication
between their internal clocks and becoming less sensitive to light. This makes their
system more likely to be affected by disturbances and takes longer to recover.
They also figured out a new way to help recover faster from jet lag and other similar
problems. The results showed that eating well is the key to getting good sleep. It is
not recommended to change meal times often or eat late at night because it can mess
up your body's internal clock.
Credit: Chaos
7.

9. Radium-223 used for Cancer Treatment
8.
Scientists want
to know more
about how
Radium works
chemically so
they can use it
to treat cancer
cells. Once
given, Radium-
223 (Ra-223)
can kill those
cells using alpha
particles,
which are a kind of radiation.
Scientists studied how Radium reacts with two binding molecules, called Macropa
and DOTA, to understand its chemistry better. Doctors use two types of medicines
called chelators in a specialized cancer treatment called targeted alpha therapy. By
doing experiments and using computer models, the scientists found that macropa is
the best substance for holding radium. They also learned how the shape and
properties of these substances impact how well they stick to radium.
The Food and Drug Administration has given its approval for
using Ra-223 to treat prostate cancer patients whose cancer
has spread to their bones. This research is important because
it shows that Ra-223 can be used to treat cancers that are not
located in the bones. This information tells us about the
specific type of chemicals needed to attach a radioactive
element to a molecule that can carry it to cancer cells in the
body. This new information about radium's qualities will assist
scientists in finding the most effective substance to bind to
Ra-223 and make its use in cancer treatment more
widespread. Ra-223 can be obtained from the National
Isotope Development Center of the DOE Isotope Program.
Until now, not
many attempts
have been made to
gather information
about how radium
combines with
chelators that we
already know.

10. To fill in this gap, researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory studied two
advanced binding molecules, macropa and DOTA, using experiments and computer
models. Scientists already knew that these two molecules can join with the radium
ion in water, but they were unsure about how strong these connections were.
Previous research focused on examining basic organic compounds that have limited
relevance for medicinal purposes.
The study found that the Ra-macropa complex had a stronger bond compared to
other Ra complexes in regular biological conditions. The Ra-DOTA complex is
somewhat stable when there is sodium present, but it becomes more stable when
there is no sodium. The study found that chelators bond with radium in a way that
scientists already believed, mostly through ionic bonds. This means that strong
chelators can create very stable compound formations. However, it also showed the
significance of considering the impacts of sodium and other similar ions in the body
while selecting the appropriate chelators for Ra-223-based targeted alpha therapy.
When scientists are creating molecules to keep radium stable, they need to think
about things like how the ions interact, which metal ions to focus on, and what
chemicals to use in the molecule.
Credit: Chemical Communications
9.

11. Switching from Harmful to Helpful Fungi
Fungi can cause mold and diseases
that can spoil fruits and vegetables and
make them go bad faster. But some
types of fungi help plants stay alive.
Colletotrichum tofieldiae (Ct) is a type of
mold that helps plants keep growing,
even when they don't have enough
phosphorus, which is needed for
photosynthesis and growth. Scientists
studied a special type of fungi that stops
plants from growing. This fungi is called
Ct3.
Lets make this text easier
to understand: It can be
disappointing and not
enjoyable when your fresh
strawberries get moldy or
when grapes become
shriveled and gray at the
bottom of the fruit bowl.
The main issue usually
comes from a harmful
fungus called Botrytis, which
causes diseases and
destroys food crops around
the world. It can easily
spread through the air and
soil.
Encouraging the good
qualities of fungi and
preventing bad outcomes
(like moldy fruit) would
really help make sure
there is enough food
around the world and
reduce a lot of wasted
food.
10.
When they looked at the good and bad
strains of Ct, they discovered that one
gene cluster in the fungus decides how
much harm it causes to the plant. When
the group was disturbed, either through
changes in their genetic makeup or their
surroundings, the fungi's actions
changed from stopping growth to
encouraging it. By studying how this
works, we can find ways to use fungi to
help cut down on food waste.

12. "Fungi that are found on plants can
have different ways of infecting them,
either helping or harming them
depending on the conditions of the plant's
environment. " However, we don't know
much about how these microorganisms
move between these different ways of
living," explained Associate Professor Kei
Hiruma from the Graduate School of Arts
and Sciences at the University of Tokyo.
We studied genetic information from
different types of a root fungus called
Colletotrichum tofieldiae. We used
comparative transcriptomic analysis to
see how gene expression differs between
each type of fungus strain. We were
surprised to discover that a specific gene
cluster in a fungus, known as ABA-BOT,
is responsible for determining whether
the fungus will harm or benefit the plant it
lives on.
Colletotrichum tofieldae is a type of
fungus that helps plants grow better when
they don't have enough phosphorus.
Research has proven that using it can
make crops like corn and tomatoes grow
more and produce more. In this study, a
team from multiple institutions used a
plant called thale cress and six different
strains of Ct from different places to infect
it. Five varieties of plants helped them
grow better. However, a sixth type called
Ct3 actually stopped plants from getting
nutrients, which made them not grow well
and caused them to show signs of being
sick. So, what made this big change
happen.
Hiruma explained that they found two
important things: First, the fungus Ct3
activates a gene cluster that produces
ABA-BOT. Second, Ct3 also triggers the
ABA signaling pathways in the host plant,
which makes the fungus stop the plant
from growing. The scientists discovered
that both harmful and helpful strains of a
fungus called Colletotrichum tofieldae
have a gene cluster called ABA-BOT.
However, the helpful strains of the fungus
did not use or activate these genes.
When the gene cluster was disturbed,
either by changing the plant's genes or by
changing the plant's surroundings, the Ct3
bacteria stopped causing harm and
actually helped the plant, causing its roots
to grow. More research is needed, but it
seems that the ABA-BOT gene cluster
may play a role in causing diseases in
various types of fungi besides the Ct
species. For instance, it may be part of
how the disease called Botrytis affects our
fruits and veggies. Hiruma said that if we
understand how certain genes in fungi
work, we can find a way to stop them from
causing harm while still benefiting us in
agriculture. This would help us use the
different types of microorganisms found in
soil to their fullest potential.
We usually call harmful germs could
actually be helpful microbes in different
situations.
Credit: Nature Communications
11.

13. Plant cell wall modifying enzymes opens
new horizons
12.
Scientists have found a new
method of improving plant
enzymes using bioengineering.
This helps us understand how we
can turn plant material into
biofuels, chemicals, and valuable
products.
The study led by the University of
Adelaide suggests new ways to
control enzymes in order to build,
structure, and change the walls of
plant cells.
Basic characteristics of plant cells -
such as their shape, strength,
internal structure and stability - are
now being seen in a new way,
leading to the exploration of
different options.
When scientists studied the function of certain
enzymes, they learned more about how these
enzymes connect different sugars to make plant
cell walls strong. They called this process
"xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferases. "
The project leader, said that this work helps us
understand how xyloglucan xyloglucosyl
transferases work and how we can control their
fundamental properties. We can use this
knowledge to enhance their catalytic rates and
stability.
In order to make biofuels from plants, we have to break
down the walls of their cells and then chemically process
the materials that come from it. The characteristics of cell
walls can be changed to make them less stiff, which can
help to produce biofuel more

14. effectively and at a lower cost.
This discovery is useful for the pharmaceutical industry. They are looking for enzymes
that can clean up the environment and be affordable, and this finding helps with that.
Bioremediation means
using living things to
clean up and remove
harmful things from the
environment.
"Even though we have
made progress in
understanding how
xyloglucan xyloglucosyl
transferases work, there
are still some limitations
and gaps in our
knowledge about how
this information can be
used in plant cell walls,"
she explained.
This teamwork is
based on 60 years of
studying xyloglucan
chemicals and
biochemistry by this and
other research groups.
The researchers used a
special method with
colorful chemicals to
study how sugars react
in a fast and accurate
way.
Credit: The Plant Journal
13.

15. 3D-printed ‘Living Material’ could clean up
Contaminated Water
Scientists at the
University of California
San Diego have made a
special kind of material
that can help clean water
by removing pollutants.
This material is also good
for the environment and
can be used for a long
time.
Dubbed as an "engineered living
material," this is a 3D-printed structure
made from a seaweed-based material.
The structure contains bacteria that
have been genetically modified to
produce an enzyme. This enzyme has
the ability to convert harmful organic
pollutants into harmless molecules.
The scientists made the bacteria so
that they would destroy themselves
when they came into contact with a
substance called theophylline. This
substance is commonly found in tea
and chocolate. This gives a way to get
rid of them once they are finished.
The scientists explain about a new
material that cleans things up in a
paper that they published in the
journal Nature Communications.
Jon Pokorski, a professor at UC San
Diego who worked on the study, said
that the interesting thing is combining
a polymer material with a biological
system to make a living material that
can do things and react to things in
ways that regular synthetic materials
can't. Different types of experts from
UC San Diego worked together to
complete the project. The experts
included engineers, materials
scientists, and biologists. They
collaborated at the Materials Research
Science and Engineering Center
(MRSEC). The team has three main
leaders: Susan Golden, James Golden,
and Shaochen Chen. Susan and James
are professors of molecular biology,
while Shaochen is a professor of
nanoengineering.
Susan Golden, a teacher in the School
of Biological Sciences, said that
working together helped us use
14.

16. what we know about the genes and body functions of cyanobacteria to make a
living material. Now we can come up with new ideas to add different abilities to
cyanobacteria, so they can produce more helpful things.
To make the living stuff in this study, the scientists used a substance called
alginate, which comes from seaweed. They made it into a gel by adding water
and mixed it with a type of bacteria called cyanobacteria.
The mix was put into a special 3D printer. After trying out different 3D-printed
shapes to see which one worked best for the material, the researchers
discovered that a grid-like structure was the most effective at keeping the
bacteria alive. The shape that was selected has a lot of surface area compared
to its volume. This means that most of the cyanobacteria are located close to
the surface of the material so they can get nutrients, gases, and light.
The material becomes better at cleaning because it has more surface area.
The researchers changed the genes of the cyanobacteria to make them
produce a cleaning enzyme called laccase all the time. Research has found that
laccase can help get rid of different types of harmful substances found in the
environment, such as BPA, antibiotics, medicine, and dyes. In this study,
scientists showed that their material can clean up a harmful blue dye called
indigo carmine. This dye is commonly used in the clothing industry to color
denim. In experiments, the substance made the colored dye disappear from
the water solution.
The scientists also created a method to remove the cyanobacteria once the
harmful substances have been removed. They changed the genetic makeup of
the bacteria so that it would react to a substance called theophylline. The
molecule tells the bacteria to make a protein that kills their own cells.
Pokorski explained that the living material can attack the pollutant, and then a
tiny molecule can be used to kill the bacteria. By doing this, we can ease any
worries about genetically modified bacteria staying in the environment.
The researchers suggest that it would be better if the bacteria could kill
themselves without using any chemicals. This will be one of the things we will
study in the future.
15.
Credit: Nature Communications

17. 16.
Making cities greener doesn’t just capture
Carbon, it reduces
According to a new study, many
European cities could reduce their
carbon emissions to zero in the next 10
years by integrating nature into their
infrastructure.
Climate Change shows how cities can
use things like parks, street
improvements, and rooftop gardens to
capture and reduce carbon emissions.
Researchers from Sweden and the U. S
conducted the study. It suggests the
best ways to naturally store carbon in
54 cities in the EU. This shows that
combining these steps with other
actions can help cities achieve zero
carbon and actually decrease
emissions by an average of 17. 4%.
Nature-based solutions can help
reduce a city's emissions and resource
consumption. The findings of this
study are based on combining
information from past research on the
impacts of nature-based solutions.
Some examples of these actions are
growing crops in cities, using special
pavement that lets rainwater soak into
the ground, making roads narrower
with more plants and trees, protecting
places where animals live, and making
areas easier and nicer for people to
walk and ride bikes.
To clarify, having parks, open spaces,
and trees in cities encourages people
to walk, ride bicycles, and make eco-

18. 17.
friendly choices instead of using cars. When used together with green
infrastructure, these measures can help make city weather more comfortable
by soaking up heat and cold. This can ultimately lead to less energy being used
in buildings.
Researcher also gives advice on which actions are most important and where
to place them for the greatest impact, she explains. For instance, the study
suggests that in Berlin it is important to focus on constructing environmentally
friendly buildings and creating green spaces in cities. This could lead to a
decrease in emissions by 6% for homes, 13% in industries, and 14% in
transportation.
The person says that there are lots of studies that look at how individual
nature-based solutions affect things, but this study combines all of them and
analyzes how they could affect the whole system. "That is different. "
Credit: Nature Climate Change
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19. 18.
Human-AI collaboration improves Source
Search Outcomes
When artificial
intelligence robots
designed to use
algorithms to
perform source-
finding tasks,
such as search
and rescue
operations during
fires, encounter
disruptions, they
often cannot
complete them.
My mission Proposed solutions range
from improving algorithms to introducing
more robots, but these AI-controlled
robots still face serious problems.
Researchers have proposed a solution:
human-AI collaboration that harnesses
the unique skills of the human brain to
overcome challenges. The paper was
published in the Journal of Social
Computing in June 2023. “It's time to
bring humans back to life,” said Yong
Zhao, a researcher from Changsha,
China. “AI-controlled robots are often
used in situations where physical
searches are too dangerous or
impossible for humans, such as locating
the origin of a fire or determining the
origin of poison gas. However, AI bots
can encounter serious problems that
cannot be resolved on their own, such as
getting stuck or misidentifying source.
These are problems that humans can
easily solve with their expertise,
experience, and even instincts. A crowd-
powered system offers a new solution.
To demonstrate the feasibility of a
human-AI collaborative strategy, the
researchers first identified different types
of dangers that robots might encounter.
These hazards are then analyzed to
determine whether a human observer
can help the AI ​
​
solve the problem. If the
problem cannot be solved with human
help, for example if the search area is too
large, the search will be stopped.
However, if the problem can be solved
with human help, AI will provide an
explanation for the problem and mobilize
resources.
“Engaging humans in automated problem

20. solving improves the efficiency and effectiveness of algorithms.”
In situations where robots face challenges due to dynamic, degraded or unknown
environments, temporary human intervention can be used without prior knowledge of
the environment. to solve these problems. Sihang Qiu said that once resolved, AI will
control the robot to continue research. After identifying different types of hazards and
determining whether humans could contribute to shopping situations, the researchers
developed a user study. The user study tested two different controls of the AI ​
​
robot's
modes: full control and assisted control. In Full Control mode, a human collaborator
takes over the search process. In assisted control, a problem-solving decision tree
determines whether human-AI collaboration is beneficial.
During assisted control, when they received information from the algorithm about the
problem and did not have full control, participants felt like they had less cognitive
workload and could solve the problem. solve the problem. problem solving However,
non-experts have a harder time understanding explanations of problems given by AI-
driven robots, leading researchers to recommend personalized interactions based on
their experience. everyone when participating in collaboration, including explanations
in plain language. In the future, researchers will try to find ways to add more
personalization, based on participants' background, education level, and personality.
“This research paves the way for our future exploration of leveraging crowd-powered
systems to facilitate effective collaboration between humans and AI. ”
“Our goal is to demonstrate the many benefits of such collaboration in various
application scenarios, including but not limited to natural language processing and
image analytics,” said Qiu. ”
Credit: Journal of Social Computing
19.

21. Risks and Dangers associated with the
Dark Web
The dark web is a place where people
can be anonymous and stay safe. In this
hidden spot, bad guys who make
ransomware, like Clop, show off the
things they've stolen and try to sell them.
Tulane University computer security
expert Demetrice Rogers says the
MOVEIt attacks made people more
worried about the dark web and how it's
used to carry out ransomware attacks,
steal data, and cause other online
problems for businesses and people.
"The dark web is hidden and secret,
making it hard for police and security to
catch people using it to avoid getting
caught. " "Because no one knows who
they are, hackers can do bad things
without getting caught. This makes the
dark web a popular place for illegal
activities and cybercrime. " Once
someone's personal or business
information is on the dark web, anyone
can use it for free. Several groups can
use the same information at the same
time.
Credit: Tulane University
20.

22. Diet, Exercise Improve Outcomes of
Chemotherapy
A new study from Yale
Cancer Center discovered
that a special diet and
exercise plan could help
women with breast cancer
who are receiving
chemotherapy. Completing
chemotherapy is really
important for getting better
from breast cancer, but lots
of breast cancer patients
don't finish their full
treatment because of the
side effects from the drugs.
"Many women tell us they want better ways to avoid feeling tired and gaining weight
during cancer treatment," says Dr. Tara Sanft, who is in charge of the Survivorship Clinic
at Smilow Cancer Hospital and also teaches medicine. We wanted to find out if eating
healthy and exercising could help women with early-stage breast cancer deal with the
side effects of chemotherapy and make it easier for them to complete their treatment.
In a recent study, researchers offered
women with breast cancer special help to
eat better and exercise more in order to
make their treatment work better. They
wanted to see if making these changes
would help reduce the side effects of
therapy and make it easier for the women
to stick to their treatment Plan. The
scientists say that women who got the
help, which involved talking to someone
regularly, said they started exercising
more and eating more fruits and
vegetables. Relative dose intensity (RDI)
measures how much chemotherapy a
patient completes.
21.

23. 22.
The intervention group did not complete significantly more chemotherapy, but
researchers were surprised to find that 53% of women who received the intervention
had all the cancer cells in their breast disappear, compared to just 28% of women in
the control group.
Credit: Journal of Clinical Oncology
Irwin, who is also an
associate dean of
research at Yale School
of Public Health, says
we need to explain more
because it wasn't the
main result of our study.
But there is a possibility
that diet and exercise
can affect how well
chemotherapy works in
ways other than just how
much chemotherapy was
given.
The findings show that people can start doing healthier things when they are getting
treatment for cancer, even if they didn't do them before. "Even when people find out
they have cancer, doctors can still suggest healthy things for them to do. "

24. Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder
Improves Quality of Life in
Aged 60+
A new study found that
people over 60 years old felt
healthier and happier after
getting help for their drinking
problem. This study was
published in a journal called
Alcohol: Clinical and
Experimental Research. Men
and women who took part in
the study said they felt better
in different areas of their lives,
like their health, relationships,
and their surroundings. These
improvements lasted for a
long time. The research shows
that it's important to treat alcohol problems in older men and women, because
those problems often aren't noticed or treated.
The research showed that the people in the study felt a little better after getting
treatment over the year. Short-term improvements were seen in how people felt about
their lives, and in specific areas like physical health, mental health, relationships with
others, and the environment, these improvements lasted over time. Gender didn't make
a difference in any aspect of quality of life.
Overall, quality of life means how a person feels about how
well they are doing in different parts of their life, like their
work or relationships. Physical health includes things like
how much energy you have, if you feel pain, and if you feel
tired. Psychological health includes how you feel about
yourself and if you have positive or negative thoughts and
feelings. Social health includes your personal relationships
and if you have support from others. Environmental health
includes things like having enough money and being able to
take part in activities for fun.
The study looked at
how treating alcohol
problems affected the
lives of adults 60 and
older. It also looked at
whether there were
differences between
men and women in
how treatment affected
their quality of life.
23.

25. 24.
Scientists looked at information from a
study that included nearly 700 adults
over 60 years old who were diagnosed
with alcohol use disorder. The study
took place in Denmark, Germany, and
the United States from 2014 to 2016.
Participants got treatment every week
for up to 12 sessions and were told to
answer questions about their drinking
and how happy they were at four, 12,
26, and 52 weeks later. 71% of people
said they drank less often.
Elderly people are more likely to be affected by the bad outcomes of drinking alcohol,
like falling or getting into accidents. But they also respond well to treatment for alcohol
problems. Previous research has said that older people with alcohol problems may not
be getting the help they need because doctors may think they won't benefit from
treatment. This research shows that it's helpful to check and help older adults who drink
too much. It also suggests that measuring their quality of life can show how well the
treatment is working.
Sources:- Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research

26. Can consumers understand that there is
more to Palm oil than deforestation?
Palm oil is the most produced and
consumed vegetable oil in the world, and
everyone knows that palm oil production
can be harmful to the environment. But
do consumers have the full picture. In
fact, replacing palm oil with canola oil
would require increasing the land area
required four to five times. Research
carried out by the University of Göttingen
investigated the German public's
attitudes, beliefs and understanding
towards palm oil, and how this relates to
land use. Researchers show that people
have difficulty recognizing the
consequences of their purchasing
choices, even when provided with
additional information. The results are
published in the journal Sustainable
Consumption and Production.
For this study, the researchers first
conducted an in-depth review of the
literature on the effects of “indirect land
use change” to assess the impact of
abandoning palm oil production. “Indirect
land use change” refers to the
environmental impacts resulting from
land use changes resulting from
increased demand for certain agricultural
crops or biofuels. They then conducted
an online survey with a sample of 1,247
German residents. Among other topics,
questions focused on the overall
importance of palm oil in the food
industry and explored people's thoughts
on "palm oil-free" claims versus
certification labels, Implications for land
use change and comparison with the use
of other vegetable oils. They then
measured the effectiveness
25.

27. of providing additional information to
consumers in the form of two separate
infographics: one on palm oil in general
and one on indirect land use change
specifically.
The results show that product
information and labels can create
confusing and misleading images for
consumers. Providing more information
affects the response, but the effect is
small. Customers are attracted by the
“palm oil free” label. They appear to have
more confidence in it and consider it
superior from a health and environmental
perspective, although for them,
sustainably produced palm oil may be a
more environmentally friendly option.
After receiving additional information,
many consumers remain skeptical about
the potential benefits of sustainably
produced palm oil compared to other
vegetable oils such as soybean oil,
sunflower oil and canola oil.
The results of this study are important
because they provide insight into how
consumers can be encouraged to
confront complex and often controversial
food choices.
“Consumers have little time to evaluate
the social, environmental or health
attributes of products,” explains Sophie-
Dorothe Lieke from the Department of
Agricultural Economics and Rural
Development at the University of
Göttingen. Lieke added: “Our research
shows that many people find too much
information and want clear and trusted
advice. This could take the form of
introducing an “eco-label” that not only
detects differences in production
systems but also helps buyers make
more informed decisions about the
environmental impact of their purchases.
Credit:Sustainable Production & Consumption
26.

28. Opposites Personality don't actually
Attract
Opposites don't really attract. It's the
result of CU Boulder's in-depth analysis of
more than 130 traits and includes millions
of couples spanning more than a century.
Tanya Horwitz, a doctoral student in the
Department of Psychology and
Neuroscience and the Institute of
Behavioral Genetics (IBG), said: “Our
results demonstrate that people who look
similar are actually more likely gather
more".
The study, published in the journal
Nature Human Behavior, confirms what
individual studies have suggested for
decades, despite the age-old adage that
The study found that for 82 to 89 percent
of the characteristics analyzed — from
political leanings to age at first sex to
substance use habits — couples were
more likely to be similar. more each
other. Only 3% of the traits and only part
of their analysis showed that individuals
tend to associate with people who are
different from themselves.
In addition to shedding light on the
invisible forces that can shape human
relationships, the research has important
implications for the field of genetics
research.
27.
“opposites attract. ”

29. 28.
“Many genetic models assume that human mating is random. This study shows that
this hypothesis may be wrong,” said lead author and IBG director Matt Keller, noting
that so-called “assortative mating” – when individuals with similar characteristics mate
mating – can distort the results of genetic research.
Looking back more than a century
For the new paper, the authors conducted both a review or meta-analysis of
previous research and their own original analysis of the data. For their meta-analysis,
they looked at 22 characteristics in 199 studies, including millions of male-female
parent pairs, engaged couples, married couples, or cohabiting couples. The oldest
study was conducted in 1903.
In addition, they used a dataset called UK Biobank to study 133 traits, many of
which are rarely studied, from nearly 80,000 opposite-sex couples in the UK. Same-
sex couples were not included in the study. Since the trends can differ significantly,
the authors now study them separately. In both analyses, characteristics such as
political and religious attitudes, educational attainment, and several IQ measures
showed particularly high correlations. For example, on a scale where 0 means no
correlation and 1 means couples always share similar characteristics, the correlation
for political values ​
​
is 0. 58.
Traits related to substance use also show high correlations, with heavy smokers,
heavy drinkers, and abstainers tending to be closely associated with those with
similar habits.
Meanwhile, characteristics such as height, weight, health status, and personality
traits had much weaker but still positive correlations. For example, the correlation for
neurotoxicity was 0. 11 For some traits, like extroversion, there really is no
correlation.
“People have enough theories that extroverts like introverts or extroverts like other
extroverts, but the reality is that it's like tossing a coin: extroverts are just as likely to
end up as friends,” Horwitz says. close to extroverts like them.
Rarely, opposites can attract
In the meta-analysis, researchers found no "convincing evidence" that any
characteristics attract opposites. In the UK biobank sample, they found several traits
that appeared to have a negative, albeit weak, correlation.
These include: chronotype (whether someone is a “morning lark” or a “night owl”),
nervous tendencies, and hearing difficulties. They said further research is needed to
analyze these results.

30. The characteristic that couples are most likely to have in common is year of birth.
But even rarely studied characteristics, such as the number of sexual partners a
person has or whether they were breastfed as children, show some correlation.
“These findings suggest that even in situations where we feel we have choices
regarding our relationships, there may be mechanisms going on behind the scenes
that we are not fully aware. ”
Next generation implications
The authors note that couples share similar characteristics for a variety of reasons:
Some grew up in the same area. Some people are attracted to people who are similar
to them. Some look more alike the longer they've been together.
Depending on the cause, there may be further consequences.
For example, Horwitz explains, if short people are more likely to have children with
short people and tall people with tall people, then there may be more people with
superior height in the next generation. The same goes for mental, medical, or other
characteristics. There can also be social implications.
For example, some small previous studies have suggested that Americans are
increasingly likely to live with people with similar levels of education — a trend that
some say could widen the Socioeconomic gap.
Notably, the new study also shows that the degree of correlation between traits
varies across populations. The authors suspect that they may also change over time.
The researchers caution that the correlation they found is modest and should not be
exaggerated or misused to advance an agenda (Horwitz points out that research on
interspecific mating, tragically, agreed upon by the eugenics movement). They hope
this study will spark more research in a variety of fields, from economics and
sociology to anthropology and psychology.
“We hope people can use this data to do their own analyzes and learn more about
how and why people end up in the relationships they do.”
Credit: Nature Human Behavior
29.

31. How the Human Brain organizes Language
Language is really important for people
to talk to each other and to live in our
society. Even though there has been a lot
of research on how the brain processes
language, we still don't know much about
how language is organized in the human
brain.
The study used brain scans and tests
on thousands of people to understand
how the brain controls language. A study
was done to combine and analyze the
results of different research studies using
numbers and coordinates. This was done
in a very thorough and unbiased way.
This helps us see where the brain is
working when we use language. This
method helps us understand the basic
rules of how the brain handles language.
The researchers looked at how language
works, including how words and
sentences have meaning, how language
sounds, how grammar and word order
work, and how language sounds in
sentences with melody and rhythm.
Aside from the usual language areas in
the left side of the brain, the researchers
also discovered that other parts of the
brain, like the cerebral cortex and the
cerebellum, are important for language.
These areas have not been studied
much in past research on language and
the brain. " The left and right cerebellum
help with understanding language and
processing sounds. In the same way,
sounds that show emotions and go
beyond single words are connected to
the right amygdala, a part of the brain
that affects feelings and remembering
things.
Credit:Psychological Bulletin
30.

32. At which age we are at most Happy
In their research, the scientists looked at
how happy people feel at different ages
using data from 443 studies with a total of
460,902 participants. Professor Susanne
Bücker, who first worked on the study in
Bochum and now works in Cologne, says
we looked at how people feel happy, their
positive and negative emotions.
The research shows that people felt less
happy when they were 9 to 16 years old,
then felt a little happier as they got older
until about 70, and then felt less happy
again until they were 96. Happy feelings
went down from age 9 to age 94, but
feelings of sadness went up and down a
little from ages 9 to 22, then went down
until age 60 and then went up again. The
writers found that people’s feelings
changed more in good and bad ways than
in how happy they were with their lives.
"In summary, the study showed that
people generally felt happy and had fewer
negative emotions over their lifetime." The
scientists say that life satisfaction goes
down a little bit when people are between
9 and 16 because their bodies and social
lives are changing during puberty. People
are happier as they grow older from
young adulthood and beyond. Happy
feelings usually go down as people get
older from being a child to being an old
person. In old age, people generally felt
less happy and satisfied with their lives.
The researcher thinks that older people
may have trouble moving, their health
may get worse, and they may have fewer
friends because many of their peers have
died.
The research shows that it's important to
think about and support people's
happiness and overall well-being at every
stage of their lives.
Credit: Psychological Bulletin
31.

33. Biography: Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939), physiologist, physician and
psychologist, was an influential thinker of the 20th century.
Freud’s innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural object s
as invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily
productive, and has had immense implications for a wide variety of fields, including
anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation in addition to
psychology.
However, Freud’s most important and frequently re-iterated claim, that with
psychoanalysis he had invented a new science of the mind, remains the subject of much
disapproval and controversy.
Contributions and Achievements:
Freud thought of the mind like an old ruin that needed to be explored, like an
archeologist exploring an ancient civilization's treasures. This started the study of
psychoanalysis. Freud thought that sexual feelings and problems caused neuroses, so
he created a treatment to help with these disorders. Today, psychoanalysis is so
32.

34. 33.
important that when people talk about it, they usually mean the therapy part. In
psychoanalytic treatment, the goal is for the patient to understand themselves better.
Once they do, it's up to them and the therapist to decide how to deal with these new
insights about their unconscious thoughts and feelings. Freud got better at using
psychoanalysis and was good at using his patient's opinions of him to help them figure
out where their problems came from.
Freud's ideas and the way he studied things have always caused a lot of
disagreement. People didn't like him and psychoanalysis very much. For example,
Peter Medawar, a Nobel Prize winner in studying the immune system, said in 1975 that
psychoanalysis is a big hoax. However, Freud has greatly influenced psychotherapy.
Many therapists use some aspects of Freud's approach, even if they don't agree with all
of his ideas.
We should remember the time when Freud was alive and working, and how science
was at that time. When Charles Darwin, a famous scientist from the 1800s, released his
important book about evolution, Freud was just a young child. The idea of evolution
changed how people thought about humans. Before, humans were seen as different
from animals because they had an immortal soul. But now, humans were seen as just
another part of nature, with only a small difference in complexity from animals.
This allowed scientists to study people for the first time and think about the many
different ways people behave and what causes them to act that way in a scientific way.
In the next hundred years, a lot of creative work in different scientific fields would be
inspired by this new way of thinking that Freud believed in. He respected science a lot
and this new way of thinking was going to influence a lot of new ideas.
Freud agreed with Plato about what makes people mentally healthy. He thought it was
all about having a good balance between the three parts of the mind. Freud said that
the mind has ways to protect itself from strong conflicts. These ways include pushing
conflicts out of the mind, focusing sexual desires on socially accepted goals, getting
stuck at a developmental stage, and behaving like you did when you were younger.
Published works:
Freud's work is kept in a 23 book collection called "The Standard Edition of Sigmund
Freud's Complete Psychological Works". Some of Freud’s most interesting books are
“The Interpretation of Dreams”, “Totem & Taboo”, “The Future of an Illusion” and “The
Psychopathology of Everyday Life”.
This famous man passed away from mouth and jaw cancer after having it for 20 years.
Credit: Famousscientists