LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT

1. Concept, Philosophy, Principle and Component of
Management in Nursing Service Administration
Sushila Hamal
M.Sc. Nursing 1st Year(B-2023)
BPKIHS, Dharan 1

2. Objectives
General objective
•At the end of this session, the participant will be able to
explain about concept, philosophy, principles and component
of management in nursing service administration.
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3. Specific objective
At the end of this session the participant will be able to:
• define management and administration.
• describe the importance of management in nursing
• describe the level of management
• describe the functions of management
• explain the concept of management
• explain the philosophy of management
• describe the principles of management
• describe the component of management in nursing service
administration
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4. Management
Definition
•Management is the art of getting things done with people and
through informally organized groups. It is the art of creating
an environment in which people can perform as individuals
and yet co-operative towards attainment of group goals.
Harold Koontz
•Management is "the art of knowing what you want to do and
then seeing that it is done in the best and cheapest way"
F.W. Taylor
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5. Meaning of Administration
The word "administer" is derived from Latin word
"Ad+ministraire", means to care for or to look after people
to manage affairs. Administraire means "Serve"
Definition
•"Administration is the organization and direction of human
and material resources to achieve desired ends.
- Pfiffner and Presthus
•"Administration has to do with getting things done; with
the accomplishment of defined objectives."
Luther Gullick
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6. Importance of management in nursing field
• Nurse managers supervise fellow nurses, ensure that work
environments remain safe and healthy, and contribute toward
a sense of teamwork that enables nurses
to focus on patient care while growing
professionally.
• Nurse leaders deal with the
development and management of
programs instituted by a nursing department or hospital.
• Both roles are important to the long-term contribution of nurses to
their organizations. 6

7. Level of Management
1. Top level:
• Also called senior management or executives.
• These individuals are at the top one or two levels in an
organization, and hold titles such as: Dean, Matron, campus chief,
Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Financial Officer (CFO),
Chief Operational Officer (COO), Chief Information Officer (CIO),
Chairperson of the Board, President, Vice president.
• Set objectives, design strategies, formulated policies and plans of
the organization.
• Its deals with policy issues and long term planning, allocation
resources.
• Mobilize resources. (Human, financial, physical, information)

8. Level of Management (Contd…)
2. Middle level
•Assistant director, assistant dean, departmental heads, assistant
campus chief. It is concerns with short-term planning, putting
the planning into action conveying policies and direction to the
lower management, provide supervision and guidance.
3. Lower level:
•Ward sisters, clinical supervisors, also called first line
managers. It is responsible for getting the job done by
overseeing day-to day activities.
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9. Level of Management
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10. Functions of level of managers
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11. 11

12. Functions of Management
POSDCORB (Luther Gullick)
•P stands for Planning,
•O for Organizing
•S for Staffing
•D for Directing
•Co for Controlling
•R for reporting &
•B for Budgeting.
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13. Functions of Management (Contd…)
Planning
• It is setting goals and deciding how best to achieve them.
• It is predetermining future.
• It involves selecting goals and courses of actions to achieve
them.
• It is deciding in advance about
what to do, how to do it, when to do it
and who is to do it. It is time bound.
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14. Functions of Management (Contd…)
Organizing
• It is determining how to group activities and resources.
• It is a coordinating activities to carry out the plan.
• It is establishing a structure.
• All the task necessary to achieve
goals are assigned to position
and people who can do them best.
• Organizing includes grouping tasks, designing authority-
responsibility structure, creating channels of communication and
coordinating mechanism. 14

15. Functions of Management (Contd…)
Staffing
• It is acquiring and assigning people to carryout tasks.
• It is filling and keeping filled positions in the organization
structure.
• The positions are matched with skills.
• It is the human resource management function in organization.
It involves:
• Manpower planning to determine requirements
• Preparation of manpower inventory of existing people
• Job analysis to determine job description
• Acquiring, developing, utilizing and maintaining people 15

16. Functions of Management (Contd…)
Leading
• It is directing the activities of others.
• It is getting people to work together.
• Leading consists of: – Leadership – Motivation – Communication-
Supervision.
Controlling
• Controlling as a Process
• The controlling process involves:
• Establishing standards to measure performance
• Measuring actual performance
• Comparing performance with the standard
• Taking corrective action 16

17. Functions of Management (Contd…)
Reporting
• The process of exchanging information or feelings between two or
more people. Can be verbal, written, or symbolic
Budgeting
• Budgeting is the process of designing, implementing and operating
budgets.
• It is the managerial process of budget planning and preparation,
budgetary control and the related procedures.
• Budgeting is the highest level of accounting in terms of future
which indicates a definite course of action and not merely
reporting. 17

18. Concept of Management
•The term management is not so easy to define as different
authors defined it differently and used it in a variety of ways.
•Being a new discipline, it has drawn concepts and principles
from a number of disciplines such as sociology, psychology,
anthropology, statistics, and economics and so on. And each
group contributor has treated management differently.
• For example, sociologists point of view, it is treated as a class
or group of persons, practitioners have treated it as a process
comprising different activities.
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19. Concept of Management (Contd…)
•Today the management can be viewed with different concepts.
They are below:
•Traditional Concept
•Modern Concept
•Traditional authors define it as an art of getting things done.
•Modern authors viewed management as a process to achieve
certain objectives through utilization of human and other
resources. 19

20. Concept of Management (Contd…)
Specific Concepts by Raymond GI Leon
1.Management by communication
2. Management by systems
3. Management by results
4. Management by participation
5. Management by motivation
6. Management by Exception
7.Management by objectives
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21. Philosophy of Nursing Services Administration
Following are the philosophies of administration:
•Cost effectiveness
•Execution and control of work plans.
•Delegation of responsibility and authority
•Human relations and good morale
•Effective communication
•Flexibility in certain situation
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22. Principle of Management
The fourteen principles given by Fayol are as under:
1. Division of Work -When employees
are specialized, output can increase
because they become increasingly
skilled and efficient.
2. Authority and Responsibility – Managers must have the
authority to give orders, but they must also keep in mind that
with authority comes responsibility. 22

23. Principle of Management (Contd…)
3. Discipline – Discipline must be upheld
in organizations, but methods
for doing so can vary.
4. Unity of Command
-Employees should have only
one direct supervisor. 23

24. Principle of Management (Contd…)
5. Unity of Direction – Teams with the same objective should
be working under the direction
of one manager, using one plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the general
Interest – The interests of one employee should not be
allowed to become more important than those of the group.
7. Remuneration – Employee satisfaction depends on fair
remuneration for everyone. 24

25. Principle of Management (Contd…)
8. Centralization – refers to the concentration of management and
decision-making power at the top of the organizational hierarchy for
the purpose of coordinating financial,
human and other resources.
9. Scalar Chain – Employees should
be aware of where they stand in the
organization's hierarchy or chain of
command.
10. Order – The workplace facilities must be clean, tidy and safe
for employees. Everything should have its place. 25

26. Principle of Management (Contd…)
11. Equity – Managers should be
fair to staff at all times, both maintaining
discipline as necessary and acting
with kindness where appropriate.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel – Managers should strive to
minimize employee turnover. Personnel planning should be a
priority.
13. Initiative – Employees should be given the necessary level of
freedom to create and carry out plans.
14. Esprit de Corps – Organizations should strive to promote team
spirit and unity. 26

27. Components of Nursing Service Administration
•Planning and directing the nursing care
•Staffing
•Co-ordination of inter-departmental activities
•Plan and supply equipment
•Budgeting
•Aims, policies of the organization
•Records and reports
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28. References
• Vati J. Principles and Practice of Nursing Management and
Administration. 2nded. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers(P). LTD; 2020:59-68.
• Singh I. Leading and Managing in Health.12th ed. Jamal, Kathmandu:
Dream Works Printers; 2019:1-10.
• Mehta R., Pokharel T. Leadership and management. 2nd ed. Dillibazaar,
Kathmandu. Sopan Press Pvt. Ltd; 2010:1-17.
• Goddard, H.A., Principles of Administration Applied to Nursing
Service, Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1958.
• Hammerstein K, Klinge C, Rekers L, ''Philosophy of Nursing Service
Management'' [Online]. Available from
• https://www.nursingpath.in/2019/01/philosophy-of-nursing-service-
management.html#. [Cited on 2019].
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