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Entrepreneurial Motivation
An Empirical Study with reference to Chittoor, Andhra
Pradesh
* Dr. G. Malyadri,
Associate Professor, Dept of MBA
Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies (SITAMS), Chittoor, A.P.
**B. Sudheer Kumar, Assistant Professor, Dept of MBA,
Sreenivasa Institute of Technology and Management Studies (SITAMS), Chittoor, A.P.
ABSTRACT
In the world of competition, Entrepreneur needs
motivation in order to survive during Allocations. Right
from the stage of setting of the enterprise he needs to be
motivated. Entrepreneur may be motivated to sort the
enterprise based on the three factors, those are
ambitious factors, compelling factors and facilitating
factors.
Entrepreneurs are motivated based on the experienced
gained in the poster or the demand for a particular
product or availability of government support. Some
entrepreneurs come with achievement motive or with a
strong passion. Entrepreneurs may also be developed
through training and education in this study, an attempt
has been to understand the dynamics of motivation
among entrepreneurs of small and tiny sectors in the
chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh.
KEY WORDS: - Entrepreneurial Motivation,
Entrepreneurial Core, Work Core Social Core,
Individual Core, Economic Core
INTRODUCTION
Entrepreneurship is the practice of starting new
organizations, particularly new businesses generally in
response to identified opportunities. Entrepreneurship
is after a difficult undertaking, as a majority of new
business fail. Entrepreneurial activities are substantially
different depending on the type of organization that is
being started. Ronstadt C. Robert(1985) states that
entrepreneurs have bought making out of the bark age.
Entrepreneurs sparked the industrial revolution. They
have defeated maxim and will continue to do so.
Decentralized,
socially
responsive
forms
of
entrepreneurial capabilities have been placing stagnant,
IFRSA Business Review|Vol 3|issue 2|June 2013
bureaucratic capitalism increasingly in these times. The
nations, which have witnessed entrepreneurial
renaissance, have experienced a golden age and those
that lacked in entrepreneurship retarded economically,
socially and politically.
ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION
“The People are poor because they prefer it that way”
observes Galbraith(1969) for the backwardness of many
Asian and African nation. He further states that lack of
ambition makes then to log behind others in
development.
Ambitions and Aspirations create
motives. Motives are felt needs or desires, internal to
the organisms”(1980).
Besides the motivation, the availability of opportunites
to advance, accessibility to the financial and technical
support with assistance of infrastructure, social realities
like political interference and corruption and quite likely
other factors also influence the spirit of
entrepreneurship. However, these issues are beyond the
contains of this paper owing to the extensive and
exhaustive nature of such social problems and their
impact on the lives of entrepreneurs.
The present paper examines the degree of motivation
among the entrepreneurs engaged in small and tiny
enterprises in the chittor district of Andhra Pradesh. For
the purpose of study the following dimensions of the
motivation are considered.
ENTREPRENEURIAL CORE
One cannot become an entrepreneur unless he or she has
got the basic entrepreneurial qualities. Therefore,
statements were trained to check whether the
entrepreneur competencies are present or not. The
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2. motivation to become entrepreneur starts from this
dimension. Some of the items included in this category
are the need to take calculated risk and the confidence to
deal with it effectively, the need to be independent, the
need to provide good products and services to people,
the need to proceed employment and to feel competent.
WORK CORE
A person innate entrepreneurial skill must be manifested
in the form of work core. Therefore, various statements
pertaining to the examination of work core are included
in the instrument same of them include the statements
like the motivation to use one’s skill of decision-making
and problem solving in a career the need to be creative
and innovative in their ventures, and use of one’s innate
talent and potential in profession, and doing something
or achieving something that others usually do not.
SOCIAL CORE
One of the aspects that aspects that help the
entrepreneur to shine and come up in life is the social
core. This helps him to attain high social status, to
become leasder and employer. Among the items that are
covered under social core are the need to assume a
leadership role where one has access to power and
influence over others to attain high social status and to
earn the respect of people.
INDIVIDUAL CORE
luxuries of life and getting over monotony and
experiencing a change in life.
ECONOMIC CORE
Normally an entrepreneur desires that his
entrepreneurial abilities must result in the betterment of
economic life.
Therefore, the economic core is
considered. The economic core measures the aspects
like getting over shortage or money, becoming rich,
supplementing family income, clearing debts and
ensuing financial stability for the family.
OBJECTIVES
The present paper examines the entrepreneur’s
motivation among small entrepreneurs. The present
study is undertaken to examine the motivation among
entrepreneurs who are engaged in small and tiny
enterprises.
METHODOLOGY
A sample of so entrepreneurs is considered for the
purpose of study. Further, the data collected from 30
Entrepreneurs was chosen using convenient sampling
method. The data is collected with the help of a
structured questionnaire which consists of personal back
ground variables, and standardized scale to measure
motivation level of entrepreneurs.
This scale is
developed to treat entrepreneurial motivation as a
separate entity and objective measure and classify
different types of motivation to draw meaningful
inferences.
Yet another dimension which has been considered
measured is individual core. This lays emphasis of
acquiring wealth, work and life style, enjoying the best
Table 1
Relationship between Age and Motivation
Age
Entrepreneurial Core
Work Core
Social Core
Individual Core
(Years)
Low
High
Low
High Low
High
Low
High
20 to 40
2
3
3
2
(40%)
(60%)
(60%) (40%)
40 to 50
5
7
4
8
(41.7%)
(58%)
(34%) (66%)
50 to 60
2
7
4
5
(22.2%)
(77%)
(45%) (55%)
Above 60
2
2
2
2
(50%)
(50%)
(50%) (50%)
Total
11
19 (63%)
13
17
(37%)
(44%) (56%)
Source: Primary Data
Table 1 gives the motivation of entrepreneur based on
age group. It can be seen that majority have high
entrepreneurial core. More than 60 percent of the
entrepreneurs in the sample fall in this category.
Further it may be seen that in the age group of 50 to 60
years, an absolute majority constituting 78 percent fall
IFRSA Business Review|Vol 3|issue 2|June 2013
3
(60%)
7
(59%)
3
(34%)
3
(75%)
16
(54%)
2
(40%)
5
(41%)
6
(66%)
1
(25%)
14
(46%)
1
(20%)
2
(16%)
4
(45%)
2
(50%)
9
(30%)
Economic Core
Low
4
2
(80%) (40%)
10
5
(84%) (42%)
5
2
(55%) (23%)
2
3
(50%) (75%)
21
12
(70%) (40 %)
High
3
(60)%
7
(58)%
7
(77)%
1
(25)%
18
(60%)
in the high entrepreneurial core category and the lowest
being, in the age group of above 60 years category.
Age group and work core relationship indicates that
majority of the entrepreneurs constituting 56% have
high work core. It could be seen that a vast majority
constituting 67 percent from the age group of 40 to 50
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3. years fall in the high work core and less number of in high individual core. If is also seen that an absolute
entrepreneurs (40%) from the category of 20 to 40 years majority 84% of the entrepreneurs in the category of 40
fall in the low work case category.
to 50 years have high individual core. This is low in the
Age group and social core reveal that the entrepreneur age group of above 60 years.
in the sample falls short in it. Majority of them 57 % Economic case based on age group indicates that
fall in the category of low social core. Further it may be majority of entrepreneurs (60%) in the sample fall in the
seen that except in the age group of 50 to 60 years, in all category of high economic core. Further, more than
other categories they fall in the low social core group.
77% of the entrepreneurs in the age group of 50 to 60
Individual core based on the age shows that a majority years have high economic core. Lowest being in the age
constituting 70 % of the entrepreneurs in the sample fall group of above 60 years.
Table 2
Relationship between Entrepreneur’s Generation and Motivation
Age
(Years)
Entrepreneurial Core Work Core
Social Core
Individual Core Economic Core Total
Low
High
Low
Low
Low
First
Generation
11
(38%)
18
(62%)
12
17
16
13
9
20
12
17
(42%) (58%) (55%) (45%) (31%) (69%) (42%) (58)%
Others
Nil
1
(100%)
1
Nil
(100%)
Total
11
(37%)
19
(63%)
13
17
16
14
9
21
12
18
(37%) (63%) (54%) (46%) (30%) (70%) (40%) (66%)
High
Nil
Source: Primary Data
In the above table, it could be observed that almost all
the entrepreneurs belong to the first generation
Entrepreneurial motivation based on the generation of
the entrepreneur shows that the first generation
entrepreneurs have high individual core and high
entrepreneurial core. They constitute 69% and 63%
Source: Primary Data.
High
1
Nil
(100%)
High
Low
1
Nil
(100%)
High
1
(100%)
respectively. They are low in work core and social core.
The table shows that the percentage being 42 and 55
falling in the category of low core. This highlights the
need for imparting there cores among the first
generation entrepreneurs.
Gender
Entrepreneurial Core Work Core
Social Core
Low
High
Low High
Low
High
Male
9
17
12
14
15
11
(35%)
(65%)
(46%) (54%) (58%) (42%)
Female
2 (30%) 2
1
3
1
3
(50%)
(25%) (75%) (25%) (75%)
Total
11
19
13
17
16
14
(37%)
(63%)
(43%) (57%) (53%) (47%)
Table 3 reveals that Entrepreneurial motivation based pertaining
on gender is deposited. If may be seen that more and social
number of females fall in the category of high individual
Individual Core Economic Core Total
Low
High Low
High
7
19
12
14
(27%) (73%) (46%) (54)%
2
2
Nil
4
(50%) (50%)
(100%)
9
21
12
18
(30%) (70%) (40%) (60%)
to economic core (100%) work core (75%)
core(73%). More number of men have high
core (73%) and Entrepreneur core (65%).
Table 4
Relationship between Community and Motivation
Entrepreneurial
Core
Community
Work Core
Social Core
Individual Core Economic Core
Low
Low
Low
Low
High
High
IFRSA Business Review|Vol 3|issue 2|June 2013
High
High
Low
High
125

4. SC/ST
7
(44%)
BC
9
(56%)
6
10
(38%) (62%)
7
4
(44%) (25%)
12
(75%)
5
(32%)
4 (34%) 8
(66%)
5
7 (58%) 6 (50%) 6 (50%) 5
(42%)
(42%)
7
(58%)
6 (50%) 6 (50%)
OTHERS
NIL
2 (100%)
2
NIL
(100%)
1 (50%) 1 (50%) NIL
2
1 (50%) 1 (50%)
(100%)
Total
11
(36%)
19 (64%)
13
17
(44%) (56%)
16
(54%)
Source: Primary Data
Motivation based on community is presented in Table 4
the sample consists entrepreneurs mostly from ST/ST
and BC Communities. It may be observed that more
number of entrepreneurs from SC/ST communities fall
in high core pertaining to individual core (75%)
Economic core (68%) and work core (62%) where as
entrepreneurs from BC communities have high
entrepreneurs core (66%). Further it may be noted that
in both the categories considerable number o
entrepreneurs have low social core.
CONCLUSION
The Indian economy is undergoing through a paradox of
growth and unemployment. The only solution to tackle
this paradox is in calculate the spirit of entrepreneurship
among the educated youth. Entrepreneurship brings
prosperity both to the entrepreneur and to the nation.
The dimension of entrepreneurial motivation seems to
be quite assuming and has been receiving growing
importance. Therefore, the present study examined the
degree of motivation among the entrepreneurs engaged
in small and tiny enterprises in chittor district the
motivation of entrepreneurs was examined in terms of
five cores viz., entrepreneurial core, work core, social
core, individual core and economic core. Secondly it
attempted to assess perceived success of the
entrepreneurs. In the age group of 50 to 60 years
majority of them have high entrepreneurial core, social
core and economic core. This group has more number
of high motivational core compared to other age groups.
The first generation entrepreneurs are high individual
[8]
IFRSA Business Review|Vol 3|issue 2|June 2013
9
(56%)
14
9 (30%) 21
(46%)
(70%)
12
(40%)
11
(68%)
18 (60%)
core and entrepreneurial core and low in work core and
social core. Gender wise it was observed that men are
high on individual and entrepreneurial cores whereas
women are high on the other three cores. Community
wise it was observed that entrepreneurs in all the
categories have low social core.
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