1. Culture and Communication Consulting Policy and Practice in South Asia Faizullah Jan Elizabeth Romig Zainabu Williams Jacquelyn Chi Ashley Turner

2. Language Policy in Pakistan Policy document: Education Policy 2009 Analysis Pakistan is a multilingual country National and official languages: Urdu and English (neither indigenous) Education is a critical implementation issue for language Policy: inconsistent and ambiguous Policy: speaks of indigenous languages, but privileges Urdu and English. Result: loss of local languages, development of critical thinking, barrier to effective schooling Recommendations Primary education i.e. from Grade 1 to Grade 5 should be offered in mother tongue with Urdu and English as separate subjects. From Grade 6 to Grade 10, the medium of instruction can be switched to Urdu with English as a separate subject From Grade 10 onward English should be medium of instruction.

3. Language Policy in India Policy document: India’s Constitution, Article 30 (Fundamental Rights) Analysis Tension between preserving culture and promoting economic growth Broad policy lacks pragmatism Post-colonial and multicultural perspective Rising role of English for commerce Recommendations Reassess actual language patterns in India Rethink required three languages Prioritize English for specific subjects

4. Language Education Policy in South Africa Policy Document: Language in Education Policy (LiEP) Analysis: Gives students the freedom to be taught in any one of South Africa’s 11 official languages. Post-colonial cultural approach encourages multiculturalism But fails to support indigenous languages Students opting to learn in English, considered more useful, providing upward socioeconomic mobility, and taught in schools with quality resources. Recommendations: Provide better opportunities for those who speak indigenous languages. Improve the quality of indigenous language education programs. Offer English language education programs at all indigenous language secondary and tertiary schools.

6. Lack of specific policy and transparency led to confusion over the ban.

7. Contradiction between easing the ban and trade policy excluding Indian films from import.

8. Confusing policy reflects its use as a political tool

9. National/political model of culture rather than real protectionist policy

12. Nationalist/cultural model of thinking.

14. The plan can be a success if the government does this in tandem with the campaigns already in motion.