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EL PRECIO DE DE EQUILIBRIO ENTRE
LA OFERTA Y LA DEMANDA
0
2
4
6
1 2 3 4
OFERTA
DEMANDA2
Equilibrio
“Situación en la que no existe tendencia
al cambio. No requiere de una fuerza
externa para subsistir”.
Equilibrio de Mercado
“Un mercado se encuentra en equilibrio
cuando la cantidad demandada es igual a
la cantidad ofrecida. De esta manera se
determinan el precio y la cantidad de
equilibrio”.
EQUILIBRIO: LA OFERTA Y LA
DEMANDA
El precio de equilibrio del mercado es el
precio el cual la cantidad demandada es
igual a la ofrecida por los productores. Se
le denomina el precio de equilibrio
porque no hay una tendencia automática
a alejarse de el.
Cambios en el equilibrio
 Cambios en la demanda: la reducción en la
demanda (desplazamientos hacia la izquierda
en la demanda) ocasiona que disminuyan
tanto el precio de equilibrio como la cantidad.
 Cambios en la oferta: una disminución en la
oferta ocasiona que aumente el precio de
equilibrio y disminuya la cantidad de
equilibrio.
 En forma grafica, el equilibrio del mercado se encuentra donde la curva de la demanda de
cruza con la curva de la oferta, determinando la cantidad y el precio del equilibrio.
 El punto donde se intersectan las curvas de oferta (qo) y de demanda (qd), es el punto de
equilibrio.
Demanda y oferta
 En el punto de equilibrio E, la cantidad
que los consumidores desean comprar
es igual a la cantidad que los
vendedores quieren vender. El precio
de equilibrio es P* y la cantidad del
equilibrio es Q*.
OFERTA
 La Oferta es la relación entre la cantidad ofrecida y el precio de un bien.
 La oferta se basa en el beneficio que obtiene un individuo al vender un
producto y el beneficio que le causa a quien lo adquiere y a un plan de
venta.
DEMANDA
 La demanda es la relación entre la cantidad demandada y el precio de un
bien.
 La curva de la demanda muestra la relación entre la cantidad demandada
de un bien y su precio.
 Un plan de demanda muestra las cantidades demandadas a distintos
precios.
EJERCICIO 1
PARA LA OFERTA P1 (PRECIO )= 220 q1 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA) 20,000.UNIDADES
P2 (PRECIO )= 227 q2 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA )27,000 UNIDADES
PARA LA DEMANDA P1 (PRECIO)= 220 q1 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 30,000.00 UNIDADES
P2 ( PRECIO )= 227 q2 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 23,000.00 UNIDADES
SOLUCIÓN PARA LA OFERTA
 PASO 1
 PARA LA OFERTA
 m=
𝑃2−𝑃1
𝑞2−𝑞1
 m=
227−220
27,000−20,000
 m=
7
7,000
 m= .001
PASO 2
P-P1=m( q-q1)
P-220=.001(q-20,000)
P-220=.001q-20
P=.001q-20+220
P=.001q+200
SOLUCIÓN PARA LA DEMANDA
 PASO 3
 PARA LA OFERTA
 m=
𝑃2−𝑃1
𝑞2−𝑞1
 m=
227−220
23,000−30,000
 m=
7
−7,000
 m= -.001
PASO 4
P-P1=m( q-q1)
P-220= - .001(q-30,000)
P-220=-.001q+30
P=-.001q+30+220
P=-.001q+250
DETERMINACIÓN PRECIO DE EQUILIBRIO
 PASO 5
 LA OFERTA Y DEMA
 001q+200 = -.001q+250
 .001q+.001q=250-200
 .002q=50
 q=50/.002
 q=25,000 unidades
PASO 6 aplicar en oferta
P=.001q+200
P= .001(25,000)+200
P= 25 + 200
P= 225
PASO 7 aplicar en demanda
P= -.001q+250
P= -.001(25,000)+250
P= -25 + 250
P= 225
EJERCICIO 2
PARA LA OFERTA P1 (PRECIO )= 230 q1 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA) 42,000.UNIDADES
P2 (PRECIO )= 238 q2 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA )50,000 UNIDADES
PARA LA DEMANDA P1 (PRECIO)= 230 q1 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 57,000.00 UNIDADES
P2 ( PRECIO )= 238 q2 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 49,000.00 UNIDADES
SOLUCIÓN PARA LA OFERTA
 PASO 1
 PARA LA OFERTA
 m=
𝑃2−𝑃1
𝑞2−𝑞1
 m=
238−230
50,000−42,000
 m=
8
8,000
 m= .001
PASO 2
P-P1=m( q-q1)
P-230=.001(q-42,000)
P-230=.001q-42
P=.001q-42+230
P=.001q+188
SOLUCIÓN PARA LA DEMANDA
 PASO 3
 PARA LA OFERTA
 m=
𝑃2−𝑃1
𝑞2−𝑞1
 m=
238−230
49,000−57,000
 m=
8
−8,000
 m= -.001
PASO 4
P-P1=m( q-q1)
P-230= - .001(q-57,000)
P-230=.001q+57
P=-.001q+57+230
P=-.001Q+287
DETERMINACIÓN PRECIO DE EQUILIBRIO
 PASO 5
 LA OFERTA Y DEMA
 001q+188 = -.001Q+287
 .001q+.001q=287-188
 .002q=99
 q=99/.002
 q=49,500 unidades
PASO 6 aplicar en oferta
P=.001q+188
P= .001(49,500)+188
P= 49.5+ 188
P= 237.5
PASO 7 aplicar en demanda
P= -.001q+287
P= -.001(49,500)+287
P= -49.5 + 287
P= 237.4
Tarea:
OFERTA : P1= 500 q1= 6000 unidades
P2= 504 q2= 8,000 unidades
DEMANDA: P1 = 500 q1= 14,000 unidades
P2 = 504 q2= 12,000 unidades

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6 punto de_equilibrio_entre_la_oferta_y demanda produccion

  • 1. EL PRECIO DE DE EQUILIBRIO ENTRE LA OFERTA Y LA DEMANDA 0 2 4 6 1 2 3 4 OFERTA DEMANDA2
  • 2. Equilibrio “Situación en la que no existe tendencia al cambio. No requiere de una fuerza externa para subsistir”.
  • 3. Equilibrio de Mercado “Un mercado se encuentra en equilibrio cuando la cantidad demandada es igual a la cantidad ofrecida. De esta manera se determinan el precio y la cantidad de equilibrio”.
  • 4. EQUILIBRIO: LA OFERTA Y LA DEMANDA El precio de equilibrio del mercado es el precio el cual la cantidad demandada es igual a la ofrecida por los productores. Se le denomina el precio de equilibrio porque no hay una tendencia automática a alejarse de el.
  • 5.
  • 6. Cambios en el equilibrio  Cambios en la demanda: la reducción en la demanda (desplazamientos hacia la izquierda en la demanda) ocasiona que disminuyan tanto el precio de equilibrio como la cantidad.  Cambios en la oferta: una disminución en la oferta ocasiona que aumente el precio de equilibrio y disminuya la cantidad de equilibrio.
  • 7.  En forma grafica, el equilibrio del mercado se encuentra donde la curva de la demanda de cruza con la curva de la oferta, determinando la cantidad y el precio del equilibrio.  El punto donde se intersectan las curvas de oferta (qo) y de demanda (qd), es el punto de equilibrio.
  • 8. Demanda y oferta  En el punto de equilibrio E, la cantidad que los consumidores desean comprar es igual a la cantidad que los vendedores quieren vender. El precio de equilibrio es P* y la cantidad del equilibrio es Q*.
  • 9. OFERTA  La Oferta es la relación entre la cantidad ofrecida y el precio de un bien.  La oferta se basa en el beneficio que obtiene un individuo al vender un producto y el beneficio que le causa a quien lo adquiere y a un plan de venta.
  • 10. DEMANDA  La demanda es la relación entre la cantidad demandada y el precio de un bien.  La curva de la demanda muestra la relación entre la cantidad demandada de un bien y su precio.  Un plan de demanda muestra las cantidades demandadas a distintos precios.
  • 11.
  • 12. EJERCICIO 1 PARA LA OFERTA P1 (PRECIO )= 220 q1 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA) 20,000.UNIDADES P2 (PRECIO )= 227 q2 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA )27,000 UNIDADES PARA LA DEMANDA P1 (PRECIO)= 220 q1 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 30,000.00 UNIDADES P2 ( PRECIO )= 227 q2 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 23,000.00 UNIDADES
  • 13. SOLUCIÓN PARA LA OFERTA  PASO 1  PARA LA OFERTA  m= 𝑃2−𝑃1 𝑞2−𝑞1  m= 227−220 27,000−20,000  m= 7 7,000  m= .001 PASO 2 P-P1=m( q-q1) P-220=.001(q-20,000) P-220=.001q-20 P=.001q-20+220 P=.001q+200
  • 14. SOLUCIÓN PARA LA DEMANDA  PASO 3  PARA LA OFERTA  m= 𝑃2−𝑃1 𝑞2−𝑞1  m= 227−220 23,000−30,000  m= 7 −7,000  m= -.001 PASO 4 P-P1=m( q-q1) P-220= - .001(q-30,000) P-220=-.001q+30 P=-.001q+30+220 P=-.001q+250
  • 15. DETERMINACIÓN PRECIO DE EQUILIBRIO  PASO 5  LA OFERTA Y DEMA  001q+200 = -.001q+250  .001q+.001q=250-200  .002q=50  q=50/.002  q=25,000 unidades PASO 6 aplicar en oferta P=.001q+200 P= .001(25,000)+200 P= 25 + 200 P= 225 PASO 7 aplicar en demanda P= -.001q+250 P= -.001(25,000)+250 P= -25 + 250 P= 225
  • 16. EJERCICIO 2 PARA LA OFERTA P1 (PRECIO )= 230 q1 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA) 42,000.UNIDADES P2 (PRECIO )= 238 q2 (CANTIDAD OFERTADA )50,000 UNIDADES PARA LA DEMANDA P1 (PRECIO)= 230 q1 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 57,000.00 UNIDADES P2 ( PRECIO )= 238 q2 (CANTIDAD DEMANDADA) 49,000.00 UNIDADES
  • 17. SOLUCIÓN PARA LA OFERTA  PASO 1  PARA LA OFERTA  m= 𝑃2−𝑃1 𝑞2−𝑞1  m= 238−230 50,000−42,000  m= 8 8,000  m= .001 PASO 2 P-P1=m( q-q1) P-230=.001(q-42,000) P-230=.001q-42 P=.001q-42+230 P=.001q+188
  • 18. SOLUCIÓN PARA LA DEMANDA  PASO 3  PARA LA OFERTA  m= 𝑃2−𝑃1 𝑞2−𝑞1  m= 238−230 49,000−57,000  m= 8 −8,000  m= -.001 PASO 4 P-P1=m( q-q1) P-230= - .001(q-57,000) P-230=.001q+57 P=-.001q+57+230 P=-.001Q+287
  • 19. DETERMINACIÓN PRECIO DE EQUILIBRIO  PASO 5  LA OFERTA Y DEMA  001q+188 = -.001Q+287  .001q+.001q=287-188  .002q=99  q=99/.002  q=49,500 unidades PASO 6 aplicar en oferta P=.001q+188 P= .001(49,500)+188 P= 49.5+ 188 P= 237.5 PASO 7 aplicar en demanda P= -.001q+287 P= -.001(49,500)+287 P= -49.5 + 287 P= 237.4
  • 20. Tarea: OFERTA : P1= 500 q1= 6000 unidades P2= 504 q2= 8,000 unidades DEMANDA: P1 = 500 q1= 14,000 unidades P2 = 504 q2= 12,000 unidades