1. Paying for Success
For too long, Government has funded programs based upon metrics that tell us how many
people we’re serving but little about how we are improving their lives. From education to
employment, government programs provide essential services for people in need, and we need
innovative approaches to ensure that public dollars are used to produce the right outcomes. At a
time when fiscal responsibility is more important than ever, we also need to provide programs
with mechanisms to accomplish better outcomes with fewer resources. Adapting strategies
currently being implemented as far away as the United Kingdom and Australia and as close as
the State of Maryland, Pay for Success is an innovative way of partnering with philanthropic and
other investors to create incentives for service providers to deliver better outcomes at lower
cost—producing the highest return on taxpayer investments.
Pay for Success Bonds Engage Philanthropic and Private Sector Investors to Deliver
Better Outcomes. In the constrained budget environment, we must assess methods of
service delivery that do not achieve measurable and positive outcomes. Pay for Success bonds
leverage philanthropic and other private investors to provide services for a target population that
measurably improve the lives of individuals while also more wisely spending taxpayer dollars.
The government would work with a financing organization where private investors provide up-
front funding to help achieve a specific result for a target population to measurably improve
individuals’ lives. The government only pays if the agreed-upon goal is achieved. This allows
the government to better partner with and leverage the resources of philanthropic and other
investors to help drive evidence-based innovation and invest in what works.
Pay for Success Bonds Can Help Achieve Better Outcomes in Many Program Areas. The
Budget allows for up to $100 million to fund Pay for Success initiatives across seven program
areas including workforce development, education, juvenile justice and care of children with
disabilities. These funds are part of innovation funds within the Department of Education, the
Social Security Administration, the Department of Justice, the Department of Labor and the
Corporation for National and Community Service. In each of these areas, there are substantial
opportunities to rethink how we provide services that focus on improving lives and achieving
clear results.
Pay for Success Bonds Support Better Outcomes for Federal, State, and Local
Governments. Under a Pay for Success bond, the financing organization and the Federal, state
or local government enter into a contract that specifies the population to be served, the
outcomes to be achieved, the measurement methodology to be used, and the schedule of
payments to be made. The financing organization works with philanthropic and other investors
to invest in innovative, data-driven service providers that can achieve results. Importantly, the
government can specify outcomes for the entire covered population including those who are
most vulnerable and those at most risk. This approach can have significant benefits for
participating governments as well as the investors when used to support interventions that:
Have a high probability of success based on prior evidence
Have measurable outcomes supported with authoritative data and strong evaluation
methodologies
Are overseen by experienced managers that have flexibility to adjust their approach
Yield significant future savings to the government if successful.

2. Pay for Success Bonds Minimize Risk to the Government. Because government pays only
for demonstrated results, philanthropic and other investors agree to bear the primary financial
risk until the outcomes are achieved. This will increase the government’s return on investment
in social programs that often have a weak track record of success.
Special Funding Provisions Will Allow Existing Programs to Support Pay for Success
Bonds. Traditionally, appropriations bills make funds for grant programs available for only one
or two years, before their real impact on outcomes can be measured. The budget includes
appropriations language that makes funds used for Pay for Success Bonds available to support
long-term performance agreements. Also, it allows any unused funds that have been obligated
for Pay for Success Bonds to be reused for other high priority activities in the future, if the
government ends up paying a lesser amount where outcomes are not fully achieved.
What Programs Are Likely Candidates for Pay for Success Bond Financing? There are
numerous examples of prevention strategies with strong evidence of impact that, if successfully
replicated and scaled, could reduce future demand for government funding. These include:
Multi-systemic therapies to reduce recidivism by offenders.
Early childhood interventions that reduce costly long-term special education placements
of children whose mild learning disabilities or behavioral problems could be better
treated early on
Summer academic programs for disadvantaged students to accelerate and maintain
academic gains.
Elder care services, to reduce the number of elderly who are inappropriately placed in
costly nursing homes.
Transition services for youth with disabilities, to enable them to enter postsecondary
education and obtain employment.
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