2. Introduction
● Cytology study of the structure, function and behaviour of cells.
● Cytoplasm outside the nucleus contains the cell organelles and cytosol. The
organelles are tiny structures in the cytoplasm which perform various jobs for
the cell.
● Reporting terminology- 1. Cellularity
2. Majority cell population
3. Minority or background population
4. Type of Background
3. Types of cytology examinations
● Fluid Cytology Examination
● FNAC cytology ( Superficial and Guided FNA)
● Cervical Exfoliative cytology
● BAL cytology
● Imprint cytology
● Squash Cytology
● Scrape cytology and split skin smears
8. Papanicolaou described three chief objectives for staining of cytological
smears:
● Definition of nuclear details : Because of the widespread nuclear
abnormalities of cancer cells and their diagnostic significance, good staining
of the nucleus is of primary importance.
● Transparency of cytoplasm : This is of particular importance because of the
varying thickness and the frequent overlapping of cells.
● Differentiation of cells : Differences in the staining reaction such as that
between acidophilic and basophilic cells help greatly in the identification of
certain cell types found in smears.
9. Results and interpretation
● Nuclei : Blue
● Acidophilic cells : Red
● Basophilic cells : Blue Green
● Erythrocytes : Orange-red
● Keratin : Orange-red
● Superficial cells : Pinkish
● Intermediate and Parabasal Cells : Blue Green
● Eosinophil : Orange Red
● Candida : Red
● Trichomonas : Grey green
21. • Mesothelial cells – :
- common in Ascitic and pleural fluids from inflammatory processes .
- shaded from visceral or parietal lining and freely proliferate in effusion fluid.
- Single and small clusters
- Uniform cell population
- Window like pattern in between 2 adjacent cells
- Round cells with round nuclei often binucleation or multinucleation
- Vacuolated cytoplasm, Central to eccentric nuclei, small conspicuous nucleoli
- Well defined cytoplasmic borders distinguishable from background with cytoplasmic
outpouching or blebs
