Substance abuse why people use drugs physical, emotional, psychological warning

2. Sidra Akhtar
Clinical Psychologist, Speech
pathologist, Lecturer (Fauji
Foundation University Rwp),
Youth Activist, Mptivational
Speaker, & Founder of SYA.

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• SidraAkhtarCh
SidrasidCh
Sidraakhtar@hotmail.
com

4. Drugs
What they are what they do?
• A drug , is any substance
that, when absorbed into the
body of a living organism,
alters normal bodily function.
• Drugs are chemicals that
change the way a person's
body works by altering
emotions and thoughts.
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5. Drug abuse
• Drug abuse is an intense
desire to obtain increasing
amounts of a particular
substance .
• Drug dependence is the
body's physical need, or
addiction ,
• physical harm and behavior
problems which causes
tolerance and cross
tolerance.
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6. • Drug Addiction Addiction is a chronic, often relapsing brain
disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use despite
harmful consequences to the individual who is addicted and to
those around them.
• Drug addiction is a brain disease because the abuse of drugs
leads to changes in the structure and function of the brain.
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9. Why do some drug users become addicted,
while others don’t?
• Your genes,
• mental health
• Social Environment
• Family history of addiction
• Abuse,
• neglect
• traumatic experiences in
childhood
• Mental disorders such as
depression and anxiety
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10. Signs of using Drugs
• lose interest in school
• change friends
• become moody, negative, cranky
• ask to be left alone a lot
• have trouble concentrating
• sleep a lot (maybe even in class)
• get in fights
• have red or puffy eyes
• lose or gain weight
• cough a lot
• runny nose all of the time
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11. Physical warning signs of drug abuse
• Bloodshot eyes, pupils larger or smaller than usual
• Changes in appetite or sleep patterns. Sudden weight loss or
weight gain
• Deterioration of physical appearance, personal grooming
habits
• Unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing
• Tremors, slurred speech, or impaired coordination
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12. Behavioral signs of drug abuse
• Drop in attendance and performance at work or school
• Unexplained need for money or financial problems. May borrow
or steal to get it.
• Engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors
• Sudden change in friends, favorite hangouts, and hobbies
• Frequently getting into trouble (fights, accidents, illegal
activities)
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13. Psychological warning signs of drug abuse
• Unexplained change in personality or attitude
• Sudden mood swings, irritability, or angry outbursts
• Periods of unusual hyperactivity, agitation, or giddiness
• Lack of motivation; appears lethargic or “spaced out”
• Appears fearful, anxious, or paranoid, with no reason
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17. Drug addiction in Pakistan
• Pakistan became a major exporter of heroin in the 1980s,
following the influx of Afghan refugees escaping the Soviet
invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
• As a proportion of drug abusers, heroin users have increased
from 7.5 percent in 1983 to a shocking 51 percent a decade
later in 1993.
• Drug production for Pakistan's domestic market is estimated at
close to $1.5 billion.
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18. • The Report estimates that 6 per cent - or 6.7 million adults in
Pakistan - used drugs in the last 12 months. Although 4.25
million individuals are thought to be drug dependent,
treatment and specialist interventions are in short supply,
available to less than 30,000 drug users a year..
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Drug Ratio of Usage
Cannabis 3.6%
Opiates 0.9%
Heroin 0.7%
Cocaine 0.01%
opioids 2.4%
Amphetamines 0.1%
Methamphetamine 0.02%
Injecting drug use 0.4%
Tranquilizers/sedatives, 1.4%
Painkillers 1.5%
Solvents/inhalants 0.03%

20. Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to
Psychoactive Substance Use
Specific Clinical Conditions:
 Acute intoxications
 Harmful use
 Dependence syndrome
 Withdrawal state
 Withdrawal state with delirium
 Psychotic disorder
 Amnesic syndrome
 Residual state, late-onset
psychotic disorder
 Other mental and behavioral
disorders
 Unspecified mental and
behavioural disorder
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21. • Dependence syndrome:
• increased tolerance to alcohol, morning drinking, alcohol
bouts, blackouts, deterioration in occupational and marital
life, behavioural changes, withdrawal symptoms
• Withdrawal state:
• tremor, anxiety, easy getting startled, agitation, insomnia,
nausea, sweating, epileptic seizures and delirium tremens
• Delirium tremens:
• usually starts in evening hours – growing tremulousness,
severe agitation, anxiety and perceptual distortion
• a state seriously endangering patient's life
• recovery after several days, retrograde amnesia
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22. Other psychotic disorders:
• Alcoholic hallucinosis
• pathological jealousy
• Korsakov's psychosis
• Wernicke encephalopathy
• alcoholic dementia
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23. • Psychoactive substances , Addictive disorder.
• The DSM 5 explains that activation of the brain’s reward
system is central to problems arising from drug use –- the
rewarding feeling that people experience as a result of taking
drugs may be so profound that they neglect other normal
activities in favor of taking the drug.
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24. • The pharmacological mechanisms
for each class of drug is different,
the activation of the reward
system is similar across
substances in producing feelings
of pleasure or euphoria, which is
often referred to as a “high.”
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25. Substance use disorders span a wide variety of
problems arising from substance use, and cover 11
different criteria:
1. Taking the substance in larger amounts or for longer than
the you meant to
2. Wanting to cut down or stop using the substance but not
managing to
3. Spending a lot of time getting, using, or recovering from use
of the substance
4. Cravings and urges to use the substance
5. Not managing to do what you should at work, home or
school, because of substance use
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26. 6. Continuing to use, even when it causes problems in
relationships
7. Giving up important social, occupational or recreational
activities because of substance use
8. Using substances again and again, even when it puts the
you in danger
9. Continuing to use, even when the you know you have a
physical or psychological problem that could have been
caused or made worse by the substance
10.Needing more of the substance to get the effect you want
(tolerance)
11.Development of withdrawal symptoms, which can be
relieved by taking more of the substance.
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27. • Substance-induced disorders include intoxication, withdrawal,
• substance induced mental disorders, including substance
induced psychosis, substance induced bipolar and related
disorders,
• substance induced depressive disorders,
• substance induced anxiety disorders,
• substance induced obsessive-compulsive and related
disorders,
• substance induced sleep disorders,
• substance induced sexual dysfunctions,
• substance induced delirium and substance induced
neurocognitive disorders.
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30. Mental Health
Services
• Counseling, Character building, and capacity building Lectures
• Individual treatment plan
• Assessment, Diagnosis and Clinical case management
• Extensive psychotherapy
• Psycho education
• RPP,CBT, Motivation enhancement therapy, REBT
Medical
Treatment
• Medical Checkup And treatment
• Doctors
• Psychiatric treatment
Family
Counseling
• Family Counseling
• Marital Counseling
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31. Spiritual
Treatment
• Namaz
• Daras, Kalma,namaz Class
• Lecture (Religious)
Recovery
Support
• Follow-up
• Social Reintegration
Extra
Activities
• Indoor games
• Tv, Facility
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32. Psychological
Treatment
• Applied behavior analysis
• Behavioral marital therapy,
• Motivational Interviewing,
• community reinforcement
approach,
• exposure therapy,
• contingency management
• cognitive behavioral
therapy
• family therapy
• Alcoholics Anonymous
• Social skills
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33. Medication
• Buprenorphine
• Methadone
• Disulfiram
• Naltrexone
• Bupropion and modafinil.
• Antipsychotic medications.
• Antidepresrnant
• Mood Stablizer
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