Menstrual pattern and problems among rural adolescents

1. Menstrual Pattern and Problems Among Rural
Adolescents
Presented by
SHWETA
Research Scholar
Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior, India
(Deemed University)
Email: shweta.prajapathi@gmail.com

2. Introduction
• The World Health Organization (WHO) defined
adolescence as being between ages of 10-19 years,
encompassing the entire continuum of transition from
childhood to adulthood.

3. Meaning of menstruation
• The breakdown of the lining of the uterus wall and its
discharge through the vagina with a small amount of
blood & some cells.
• Menstruation is a natural healthy body process.

4. Menstrual disorders
• Menstrual disorders frequently affect the quality of
life of adolescents and young adult women and can be
indicators of serious underlying problems.

5. Menstrual disorders
Stomach pain Headaches Depression
Mood swings Anxiety Irregular period

6. Materials and methods
• Study design and settings
Information on various aspects of menstruation
was obtained from adolescent girls who have attended
menarche by validated questionnaire.
It is made up of two section.
1.Various aspect of menstruation
2.Food frequency checklist

7. (Continues..)
• Data collection and analysis
Data was collected using a 23-item structured
questionnaire. Data collection lasted for two weeks
and analysis was done using descriptive statistics,
percentages and proportions.

8. Results
Variables Percentage (%)
 Consultation with OB-GYN Out of 91.83% only 7.14%
 Mean age of menarche
 Lowest
 Highest
13.5 year
10 year
16 year
 Regularity of cycle
 Regular
 Irregular
69.38%
29.59%
 Duration of the menstrual cycle
 28-35 Days
 21-27 Days
 Very irregular
54.08%
20.40%
24.48%
 Duration of blood flow
 within 5 days
 prolonged menses (>5 days)
77.55%
22.44%

9. Results (Cont.)
 Number of period in last 12 month
 12 month
 Less then12 month
 More then12 month
55.10%
41.83%
3.06%
 Pain during menstruation
(dysmenorrhoea)
 Great deal
 Slightly
 Not at all
18.36%
57.14%
24.48%
 Bleeding between periods 55.10%
 Vigorous exercise/ training effects
menstruation
48.98%
 Weight consideration by students
 Just right
 Underweight
 Overweight
70.40%
13.26%
16.30%
 Menstrual flow
 Heavy
 Light
 Moderate
13.26%
15.30%
70.40%

10. Results (cont.)
 Sport activity/training
 Basically stayed
 Decreased
 increased
25.51%
30.65%
42.85%
 History of stress fracture 19.38%
 Injuries last past year 15.30%
 Prescribed medicine Only 22.48%
 Diet is not well balanced 43.87%

11. Figure 1: Menstrual patterns among the adolescents (Menstrual
cycle).
69.38%
29.59% Regular
Irregular

12. Figure 2: showing number of days of menstrual cycle.
16.32%
61.22%
15.30%
5.10%0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Percentage <3 Days 3-5 Days 6-7 Days >7 Days

13. Figure 4: Academic effects of menstrual disorders
26.53%
40.21%
45.25%
48.97%
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Academic effects
of menstrual
disorders
missing classes loss of
concentration
irritability missing physical
activity

14. Figure 5: Health implications of menstrual disorders.
75.50%
54.08%
19.38% 15.30%
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Health implications
of menstrual
Disorders
Pain and cramping Dizziness Stress fracture Injuries

15. Discussion
• The result of this study showed that majority of the
students had not a good understanding of menstrual
disorders and discomfort associated with it.
• Lack of proper information and not seeking treatment
for menstrual problems can lead to several adverse
reproductive health outcomes on the prospective lives
of adolescent girls.

16. Conclusion
• All the participants in this study were students,
despite that their knowledge about the menstruation
and related problems was very weak and did not
know the safe maintenance procedures.

17. Recommendation
School health
programme
Adequate
counselling
Need of health
education
Menstrual hygiene Management of
menstrual problem