ELSS or Equity Linked Savings Schemes are mutual funds that allow taxpayers to invest up to INR 1.5 lakh and claim a tax deduction. ELSS funds invest primarily in equities and have a mandatory 3-year lock-in period, the shortest of any tax-saving instrument. They offer the dual benefits of capital appreciation potential from equities and tax savings. When choosing an ELSS fund, investors should select one with a track record of consistent performance over 5 years that matches their needs and avoid investing in too many funds.