This document defines and explains different types of land ownership and transaction documents in India. A pattayam is the original record of land ownership, while an aadharam is a registered document recording a land transaction. A possession certificate and location sketch provide details about current possession and location of a property. An encumbrance certificate shows any liabilities or charges on a property. These documents like original land records, encumbrance certificates, possession certificates and tax receipts are often required for activities like obtaining loans using property as collateral.

1. Difference between adharam and pattayam:-
pattayam:- It is first and original record about the ownership of a property .
All properties are ownered by the government. After completing the survey of land,
every piece of land owned by a person is allotted with a survey number. The
property is held by the citizen or other organization like Devasam board etc.
Government has the right to take back any of the property for increasing the breadth
of roads constructing any firm etc. People in the past have encroached the
government land and started cultivation, buildings etc.. To get pattayam , the
holders of these lands should give application to tahsildar,land tribunal. For the
transaction of any property it should have the pattayam .
Aadharam : It is a document written by an authorized licensee or persons in a
stamp paper as per the value of land and registered in registrar office about the
transaction made to a property . It can be a will, or a transaction. It includes the
area , boundaries and sketch about a particular piece of land.
Possessioncertificate:- -
It can obtained from the village office concerned for obtaining this certificate an
application on white paper affixing the required court fee stamp addressed to the
Village Officer concerned . There will be no fee obtaining for it .The Possession
Certificate will prove the present possession of the property concerned as on date.on
verifying the relevant documents and site inspection of the applicant by the Village
Officer, he will certified with his signature and office seal .......
Locationsketch:- It shows the area of location of the requested property.it contains
distance from main station and if any subway the distance from main road to the
property .etc...The land mark of the property, boundaries of the property,
measurement of the property, if there is any building or house the detailed description
of the same will be mentioned in the location map.
Nonattachment certificate:-The village officer through the Tehasildar should note
any revenue recovery regarding to any legal issue..
Encumbrance certificate:- Encumbrance means the charges or liabilities created on a
particular property, whereby it is held as a security for any debt of its owner which
has not been discharged as on date. The certificate can be obtained from the
concerned Sub-Register Office on an application in a prescribed form or online
provided by the authorities .In the normal course it will take around 2 weeks for
obtaining the certificate. Government Authorities and Financial Institution like bank,

2. etc... demand 14 years of encumbrance. There will be a nominal fee for obtain, it
depending upon the number of years. In an emergency there is a provision for paying
" double fees" for getting it immediately. This certificate will show the genuiness of
owners tittle....The normal course the certificate will be full proof document, but there
can be clerical errors from the Sub-Registar Office, our vigilances can check this
error. Therefore, it is always advisable to inspect the property personally and to verify
and confirm that the original title documents are available with property owner. Some
additional safeguards like paper notification, searching in jurisdictional courts for any
pending cases would be useful.
Main certificates for bank loan;- Original document, previous document,
Encumbrance Certificate, Possession Certificate, Land & Building Tax receipt,
Location Map , and Non-attachment Certificate
A.SHANAVAS CHITHARA
TALUK OFFICE NEDUMANGADU