Nowday Hepatitis B is a common infection among people, through this prenstation we would learn about types of hepatits especially Hepatitis B.

1. Hepatitis B virus
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2. Contents
• Identifying HBV
• Types of HV
• History of HBV
• HBV Transmission
• Symptoms of HBV
• Examination
• Types of HBV
• Treatment
• Prevention
• Percentage
• Some advices
• Result of HBV
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3. Hepatitis
• Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be
self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or
liver cancer
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4. Types of Hepatitis
• There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C,
D and E
• While all cause liver disease, they vary in important ways.
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5. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
Hepatitis A is a viral liver disease that can cause mild to severe
illness.
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6. Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
• Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus:
the virus can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, ranging
in severity from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to a serious,
lifelong illness.
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7. Hepatitis D virus (HDV)
• Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a virus that requires hepatitis B virus
(HBV) for its replication. HDV infection occurs only
simultaneously or as super-infection with HBV.
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8. Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
Hepatitis E is a liver disease caused by infection with a virus
known as hepatitis E virus (HEV).
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9. Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
• Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection
caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It is a major global
health problem. It can cause chronic infection and puts people
at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer.
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10. TheHistory0fHepatitis B
• Dr. Baruch Blumberg identified the hepatitis B virus , and
created the first vaccine to prevent infection with the virus
• The search of Dr. Baruch Blumberg was serendipitous , for
discovery of HB virus
Dr. Baruch
Blumberg
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11. • A series of research and clinical led to a confirmation , that
Australia Antigen caused HB virus
• HB virus kills about 2000 to 4000 people in the US each year
• And 600,000 people world wide die because of HB virus
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14. Hepatitis B transmission
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15. The Hepatitis B virus is highly contagious and may be present in blood and body fluids
Including semen and vaginal secretions . The saliva of people with Hepatitis B may
contain
Evidence of the virus but in such small concentrations that kissing does not spread
HBV .
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16. There are most common ways HBV is transmitted
1. Sex with an infected partner.
2. Acquired at birth from an infected mother .
3. Sharing injection drug equipment including needles ‘ syringes ‘ cookers ‘ drug preparation
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17.  Needle stick or other skin puncture
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18.  Sharing items such as glucose monitors ‘ razors ‘ or toothbrushes with an
effected person.
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19. HB may also be spread through non injection drugs ‘ cocaine straws and crack pipes’
due to
The possibility of exposure to blood an unsterilized instrument may transmit HBV
during
Acupuncture ‘ tattooing and body piercing . A human bite may spread hepatitis B .
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20. HBV is not spread through food or water ‘ sharing eating ‘ breast feeding ‘ hugging ‘
kissing ‘ Hand holding ‘ coughing or sneezing .
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23. • I have hepatitis B. How do I
avoid spreading it?
• Tell your partner if you have hepatitis
B, so you can talk about how to lower
your risk of spreading it. Encourage
your partner to get the hepatitis B
vaccine, and use condoms and dental
dams when you have sex.
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24. Hepatitis B signs and symptoms may
include:
•Abdominal pain.
•Dark urine.
•Fever.
•Joint pain.
•Loss of appetite.
•Nausea and vomiting.
•Weakness and fatigue.
•Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your
eyes (jaundice)
Symptoms of (( HBV))
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25. What is loss of Appetite?
• A decreased appetite occurs when you have a
reduced desire to eat. It may also be known as a
poor appetite or loss of appetite. The medical term
for this is anorexia.
• A wide variety of conditions can cause your appetite
to decrease. These range from mental conditions to
physical illnesses.
• If you develop a loss of appetite, you may also have
related symptoms, such as weight loss or
malnutrition. These can be serious if left untreated,
so it’s important to find the reason behind your
decreased appetite and treat it.
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26. • A number of conditions can lead to a decreased appetite.
In most cases, your appetite will return to normal once the
underlying condition is treated :
• Bacteria and viruses
• Psychological causes
• During Pregnancy in The First Trimester
• Cancer can also cause loss of apetite especially in (colon-
stomach-ovaries – and pancreas
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27. Examination
• Liver function tests use blood samples to
determine how efficiently your liver works
• Liver biopsy process of removing a small
sample liver for testing to check for liver
damage
• Physical Examination
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28. Types Of Hepatitis B
1. Acute Infection: Presence of HBV DNA or HBeAg. When a person is
first infected with the hepatitis B virus. Most healthy adults that are
infected do not have any symptoms and are able to get rid of the virus
without any problems. An acute hepatitis B infection may last up to six
months(range from 60–180 days) with or without symptoms
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29. 2. Chronic infection: defined as the presence of HBsAg .It is a lifelong
illness .If Some adults are unable to get rid of the virus after six months ,
This means their immune system was not able to get rid of the hepatitis B
virus and it still remains In their blood and liver. The younger a person is
when they are first infected, the greater the risk of developing a chronic
hepatitis B is .
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31. Hepatitis Treatment
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32. Hepatitis C
Currently, there is no vaccination for hepatitis
C.
People who develop cirrhosis (scarring of the
liver) or liver disease as a result of chronic
hepatitis C may be candidates for a liver
transplant.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A usually doesn’t require treatment
because it’s a short-term illness. Bed rest may
be recommended if symptoms cause a great
deal of discomfort.
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33. Hepatitis E
Currently, no specific medical therapies are
available to treat hepatitis E. Because the
infection is often acute, it typically resolves on
its own.
Hepatitis D
No antiviral medications exist for the
treatment of hepatitis D at this time. Doctor
use HB vaccine to treat their patients and is of
benefit to some people with chronic hepatitis
B infection.
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34. Hepatitis B
• Acute hepatitis B doesn’t require specific treatment.
• For chronic HBV infection, the World Health Organization
(WHO) recommend treating the individual with an
antiviral medication.
• Hepatitis B can be prevented with vaccination.
• In some country the first injection is given soon after
birth, the second at least 1 month later, and the third dose
is given at least 8 weeks after the second dose.
• Liver transplant
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35. How to protect your self from
HBV ?
• To protect yourself and your family from hepatitis B:
• Make sure your children get the hepatitis B vaccine
(shot). And ask your doctor if you need it.
• Get tested for hepatitis B if you are pregnant or if you are
at risk for infection.
• Be safe when you travel to countries where hepatitis B is
common.
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36. Percentages of HBV
• Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) may be without
any symptoms, mild or severe. Among adults infected
by HBV, 90 percent to 94 percent recover completely
and have no long term effects. Six percent to
10 percentwill become chronic carriers of HBV and will
be at risk of developing cirrhosis or liver cancer.
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37. • Schedule regular visits with your liver specialist
or health care provider to stay on top of your
health and the health of your liver.
• Get the Hepatitis A vaccine to protect yourself
from another virus that attacks the liver.
• Avoid drinking alcohol and smoking since both
will hurt your liver, which is already being injured
by the hepatitis B virus.
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38. Talk to your provider before starting any herbal remedies or
vitamin supplements because some could interfere with
your prescribed hepatitis B drugs or even damage your
liver.
• Check with your pharmacist about any over-the-counter
drugs (e.g. acetaminophen, paracetamol) or non-
hepatitis B prescription drugs before taking them to
make sure they are safe for your liver since many of
these drugs are processed through your liver.
• Avoid inhaling fumes from paint, paint thinners, glue,
household cleaning products, nail polish removers, and
other potentially toxic chemicals that could damage your
liver.
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39. • Eat a healthy diet of fruit, whole grains, fish and lean meats, and
lot of vegetables. “Cruciferous vegetables” in particular --
cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower -- have been shown to help protect
the liver against environmental chemicals.
• Avoid eating raw or undercooked shellfish (e.g. clams, mussels,
oysters, scallops) because they could be contaminated with a
bacteria called Vibrio vulnificus, which is very toxic to the liver
and could cause a lot of damage.
• Check for signs of mold on nuts, maize, corn, groundnut,
sorghum, and millet before using these foods. Mold is more likely
to be a problem if food is stored in damp conditions and not
properly sealed. If there is mold, then the food could be
contaminated by “aflatoxins,” which are a known risk factor for
liver cancer.
• Reduce your stress levels by eating healthy foods, exercising
regularly, and getting plenty of rest. 39

40. •Keep in mind everything you
eat, drink, breathe, or
absorb through the skin is
eventually filtered by the
liver. So protect your liver
and your health
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41. Result Of HBV
Advanced liver disease can lead to
complications including liver failure and liver
cancer, and unfortunately, can lead to death.
Cirrhosis is a complication of liver disease that
involves loss of liver cells and irreversible
scarring of the liver.
20 to 30% of people with chronic hepatitis B
will develop advanced liver disease if the virus
is left untreated.
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