Conditional Survey Report Kalatuwawa

REHABILITATON OF KALATUWAWA &
LABUGAMA WATER TREATMENT PLANT
PROJECTS
Contract No. P&P/WS/HUN/KALATUWAWA/2010/01
CONDITIONAL SURVEY
KAL-CO-IMP-DOC-CIW-002_Rev.01
WATERWORKS OF BUDAPEST PLC
DATE: 20TH
OF DECEMBER 2013
Revision 01

REHABILITATON OF LABUGAMA AND KALATUWAWA WATER TREATMENT PLANTS
CONDITIONAL SURVEY 1
KAL-CO-IMP-DOC-CIW-002_R01
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................7
2. Location.................................................................................................................................................9
3. Raw Water Source...............................................................................................................................11
4. Kalatuwawa Gravity Dam....................................................................................................................13
5. Intake Well..........................................................................................................................................20
6. Meter Box & Control Valve.................................................................................................................24
7. Aerator................................................................................................................................................29
8. Chlorine Storage Building....................................................................................................................38
9. Coagulation, Flocculation and Sedimentation Tanks..........................................................................41
10. Sand Filters......................................................................................................................................51
11. Filter Gallery....................................................................................................................................58
12. Chemical Storage Building ..............................................................................................................65
13. Back Wash Water Tank ...................................................................................................................82
14. Back Wash Pump Room..................................................................................................................84
15. Waste Water Settling Tank .............................................................................................................87
16. Sludge Lagoon.................................................................................................................................90
17. Petroleum Storage..........................................................................................................................93
18. Electricity Room..............................................................................................................................95
19. Administration Building ..................................................................................................................98
20. Main Stores...................................................................................................................................100
21. Quarters........................................................................................................................................105
22. Guards Booth ................................................................................................................................110
24. Parking Garage..............................................................................................................................113
25. Landscaping & Road Works ..........................................................................................................115

Table of Figures
Figure 1.1 - Treatment plant overview .........................................................................................................8
Figure 2.1 - Location of Kalatuwawa.............................................................................................................9
Figure 2.2 - Topography of Western Province............................................................................................10
Figure 3.1 - Quality of raw water................................................................................................................11
Figure 3.2 - Kalatuwawa Reservoir .............................................................................................................12
Figure 4.1 - Kalatuwawa Dam & Reservoir .................................................................................................13
Figure 4.2 - Walkway along dam.................................................................................................................14
Figure 4.3 - Spillway....................................................................................................................................15
Figure 4.4 - Security guard outpost I...........................................................................................................16
Figure 4.5 - Security guard outpost II..........................................................................................................17
Figure 4.6 - Interior of security guard outpost............................................................................................18
Figure 4.7 - Handrails on the gravity dam...................................................................................................19
Figure 5.1 - Intake well................................................................................................................................20
Figure 5.2 - Monitoring equipment of the intake well ...............................................................................21
Figure 5.3 - Earth wire of intake well..........................................................................................................22
Figure 5.4 - Intake well exterior..................................................................................................................23
Figure 6.1 - Meter box & control valve structure .......................................................................................24
Figure 6.2 - Deteriorating roof....................................................................................................................25
Figure 6.3 - Damaged roof & ridge tiles......................................................................................................25
Figure 6.4 - Control valve I..........................................................................................................................26
Figure 6.5 - Control valves II........................................................................................................................26
Figure 6.6 - Checker plates..........................................................................................................................27
Figure 6.7 - Meter box ................................................................................................................................27
Figure 6.8 - Drain pipes...............................................................................................................................28
Figure 6.9 - Poorly fixed electrical items.....................................................................................................28
Figure 7.1 - Water aerator ..........................................................................................................................29
Figure 7.2 - Vegetation growth on the aerator I.........................................................................................30
Figure 7.3 - Vegetation growth on the aerator II........................................................................................30
Figure 7.4 - Exterior wall of aerator............................................................................................................31
Figure 7.5 - Interior walls of aerator...........................................................................................................31
Figure 7.6 - Cracks in aerator......................................................................................................................32
Figure 7.7 - Aerator access stairway...........................................................................................................33
Figure 7.8 - Unsafe handrails near aerator structure .................................................................................34
Figure 7.9 - Supply lines ..............................................................................................................................34
Figure 7.10 - Covers for piping....................................................................................................................35
Figure 7.11 - Unorganised pipes I ...............................................................................................................35
Figure 7.12 - Unorganised pipes II ..............................................................................................................36
Figure 7.13 - Unorganised pipes III .............................................................................................................36
Figure 7.14 - Primitive contraptions for alum distribution.........................................................................37

Figure 7.15 - Waste material in the premises.............................................................................................37
Figure 8.1 - Chlorine storage building.........................................................................................................38
Figure 8.2 - Chemical storage building loading area...................................................................................39
Figure 8.3 - Roofing structure .....................................................................................................................39
Figure 8.4 - Water leakage..........................................................................................................................40
Figure 9.1 - Coagulation chambers .............................................................................................................41
Figure 9.2 - Basic flow control system ........................................................................................................42
Figure 9.3 - Worsening condition of construction joints ............................................................................42
Figure 9.4 - Unclean interior walls..............................................................................................................43
Figure 9.5 - Unpainted interior walls ..........................................................................................................43
Figure 9.6 - Exterior walls I..........................................................................................................................44
Figure 9.7 - Exterior walls II.........................................................................................................................44
Figure 9.8 - Malfunctioning equipment......................................................................................................45
Figure 9.9 - Damaged checker plates..........................................................................................................45
Figure 9.10 - Damaged lamella plates I.......................................................................................................46
Figure 9.11 - Damaged lamella plates II......................................................................................................46
Figure 9.12 - Corrosion on existing horizontal frame .................................................................................47
Figure 9.13 - Missing handrails ...................................................................................................................47
Figure 9.14 - Makeshift works near on walkway ........................................................................................48
Figure 9.15 - Corrosion on existing handrails .............................................................................................48
Figure 9.16 - Access stairway......................................................................................................................49
Figure 9.17 - Makeshift lighting ..................................................................................................................49
Figure 9.18 - Sedimentation tank without a roof .......................................................................................50
Figure 9.19 - Makeshift apparatus..............................................................................................................50
Figure 10.1 - Sand filter structure...............................................................................................................51
Figure 10.2 - Rapid sand filter.....................................................................................................................52
Figure 10.3 - Sand filter media I..................................................................................................................52
Figure 10.4 - Sand filter media II.................................................................................................................53
Figure 10.5 - Sand filter media III................................................................................................................53
Figure 10.6 - Penstock & operating motor .................................................................................................54
Figure 10.7 - Condition of motor ................................................................................................................54
Figure 10.8 - Brick partition and piping.......................................................................................................55
Figure 10.9 - Water channel in filter structure ...........................................................................................55
Figure 10.10 - Electric wiring systems.........................................................................................................56
Figure 10.11 - Access way...........................................................................................................................56
Figure 10.12 - Makeshift works ..................................................................................................................57
Figure 11.1 - Filter Gallery...........................................................................................................................58
Figure 11.2 - Electrical works I ....................................................................................................................59
Figure 11.3 - Electrical works II ...................................................................................................................59
Figure 11.4 - Access ladder .........................................................................................................................60
Figure 11.5 – Leaks......................................................................................................................................60

Figure 11.6 - Leaks on floor.........................................................................................................................61
Figure 11.7 - Leaks on interior walls ...........................................................................................................61
Figure 11.8 – Handrails ...............................................................................................................................62
Figure 11.9 - Construction joints.................................................................................................................62
Figure 11.10 – Doorway..............................................................................................................................63
Figure 11.11 - Shattered windows..............................................................................................................63
Figure 11.12 – Manhole..............................................................................................................................64
Figure 11.13 - Cracks on interior walls........................................................................................................64
Figure 12.1 - Chemical storage building......................................................................................................65
Figure 12.2 - Exterior walls and damaged windows I .................................................................................66
Figure 12.3 - Exterior walls and damaged windows II ................................................................................66
Figure 12.4 - Exterior walls and damaged windows III ...............................................................................67
Figure 12.5 - Entrance.................................................................................................................................67
Figure 12.6 - Roller door .............................................................................................................................68
Figure 12.7 - Entrance & steel beams.........................................................................................................68
Figure 12.8 - Entrance & unprotected drain...............................................................................................69
Figure 12.9 - Chemical storage & column...................................................................................................69
Figure 12.10 - Access stairway to roof........................................................................................................70
Figure 12.11 - Chemical storage .................................................................................................................70
Figure 12.12 - Cable trays ...........................................................................................................................71
Figure 12.13 - Electrical fittings I.................................................................................................................71
Figure 12.14 - Electrical fittings II................................................................................................................72
Figure 12.15 - Cracks on the ceiling............................................................................................................72
Figure 12.16 - Old weighing scale ...............................................................................................................73
Figure 12.17 - Non-operational lime adding chamber................................................................................73
Figure 12.18 - Lime adding chamber ..........................................................................................................74
Figure 12.19 - Corroded metal surface.......................................................................................................74
Figure 12.20 - Lime addition unit................................................................................................................75
Figure 12.21 – Pumps I................................................................................................................................75
Figure 12.22 - Pumps II ...............................................................................................................................76
Figure 12.23 - Unclean surfaces..................................................................................................................76
Figure 12.24 - Lime mixing chamber...........................................................................................................77
Figure 12.25 - Mechanical components of lime mixing chamber...............................................................77
Figure 12.26 - Alum mixing chambers I.......................................................................................................78
Figure 12.27 - Alum mixing chambers II .....................................................................................................78
Figure 12.28 - Alum mixing chambers III ....................................................................................................79
Figure 12.29 - Corroded and leaking pipe...................................................................................................79
Figure 12.30 – Piping works........................................................................................................................80
Figure 12.31 - Leaks in pipes.......................................................................................................................80
Figure 12.32 - Discoloured interior walls....................................................................................................81
Figure 12.33 - Unusable equipment ...........................................................................................................81

Figure 13.1 - Back wash water tank I ..........................................................................................................82
Figure 13.2 - Back wash water tank II .........................................................................................................83
Figure 14.1 - Access ladder I .......................................................................................................................84
Figure 14.2 - Access ladder II ......................................................................................................................85
Figure 14.3 - Floor and piping.....................................................................................................................85
Figure 14.4 - Pumps & pipes .......................................................................................................................86
Figure 14.5 - Discoloured interior walls and ladder....................................................................................86
Figure 15.1 - Waster water settling tank I ..................................................................................................87
Figure 15.2 1 - Waster water settling tank II ..............................................................................................88
Figure 15.3 - Waste water settling tank III..................................................................................................88
Figure 15.4 – Room.....................................................................................................................................89
Figure 16.1 - Sludge lagoon I.......................................................................................................................90
Figure 16.2 - Sludge lagoon II......................................................................................................................91
Figure 16.3 - Sludge lagoon III.....................................................................................................................91
Figure 16.4 - Sludge lagoon IV ....................................................................................................................92
Figure 17.1 - Petroleum storage tanks I......................................................................................................93
Figure 17.2 - Petroleum storage tanks II.....................................................................................................94
Figure 17.3 - Petroleum storage tanks III....................................................................................................94
Figure 18.1 - Operational equipment .........................................................................................................95
Figure 18.2 - Makeshift partition................................................................................................................96
Figure 18.3 - Hydro turbines .......................................................................................................................96
Figure 18.4 - Gantry crane section..............................................................................................................97
Figure 18.5 - Backup generator and petroleum barrels .............................................................................97
Figure 19.1 - Administration Building .........................................................................................................98
Figure 19.2 - Cracks in the Administration Building....................................................................................99
Figure 20.1 - Main stores ..........................................................................................................................100
Figure 20.2 - Weighing room ....................................................................................................................101
Figure 20.3 - Interior of stores..................................................................................................................101
Figure 20.4 - Interior of warehouse..........................................................................................................102
Figure 20.5 - Interior of warehouse II.......................................................................................................102
Figure 20.6 - Interior of warehouse III......................................................................................................103
Figure 20.7 - Interior of warehouse IV......................................................................................................103
Figure 20.8 - Interior of warehouse V.......................................................................................................104
Figure 21.1 - Quarters I.............................................................................................................................105
Figure 21.2 - Quarters II............................................................................................................................106
Figure 21.3 - Quarters III...........................................................................................................................106
Figure 21.4 - Quarters IV...........................................................................................................................107
Figure 21.5 - Quarters V............................................................................................................................107
Figure 21.6 - Quarters VI...........................................................................................................................108
Figure 21.7 - Quarters VII..........................................................................................................................108
Figure 21.8 - Navy quarters I.....................................................................................................................109

Figure 21.9 - Navy quarters II....................................................................................................................109
Figure 22.1 - Security gate at Kalatuwawa site.........................................................................................110
Figure 22.2 - Security booth......................................................................................................................111
Figure 22.3 - Interior of security booth.....................................................................................................111
Figure 22.4 - Exterior of security booth....................................................................................................112
Figure 24.1 - Parking garage I....................................................................................................................113
Figure 24.2 - Parking garage II...................................................................................................................114
Figure 25.1 - Main access road .................................................................................................................115
Figure 25.2 - Hand rails .............................................................................................................................116
Figure 25.3 - Solitary road into the treatment plant ................................................................................116

1. Introduction
With the colonization of Sri Lanka by foreign nations, the dynamic of the local economy was rapidly
transformed. Sri Lanka had a village based agricultural economy, where local produce was just enough
to satisfy the needs of the local community. But with the colonization large scale export became the
main priority of the economy. In order to fulfil this objective large scale infrastructure projects were
implemented and the local communities of Sri Lanka slowly became acquainted with urbanisation.
What used to be a city mainly engaged with fisheries, cinnamon farming and small scale trade quickly
transformed into a commercial metropolis. Because of the strategic location of Colombo commercial
trade blossomed and the infrastructure was developed in order to sustain the growing population. The
Colombo district currently boasts of a population of over 2.3 million residents and a population growth
rate of 2.42%. The demand for potable water is steadily increasing with the rising population.
People of Colombo used water wells in the past to satisfy their water needs. But with the rapid
urbanisation and industrialisation of the area, sufficient land space and uncontaminated groundwater
has been hard to come by for the general population. Therefore it is essential that there demands are
met through water bearing pipes.
As the Government of Sri Lanka it is their responsibility to maintain an adequate supply to meet the
demands population of the people. In order to increase the supply of drinkable water and to maintain
Sri Lankan Standards for water quality new upgrades and new water sources need to be harnessed.
Under this development plan, the Kalatuwawa Water Treatment Plant was chosen to be upgraded.
The Kalatuwawa Water Treatment Plant was built in 1954 with the objective of providing the people of
Colombo clean drinking water. Together with its adjacent water treatment plant at Labugama, they
account for over 25% of the regions water demand. The Kalatuwawa Water Treatment Plant is a pristine
work of engineering. It has served the people of Sri Lanka for 60 years and is still capable of putting out a
noteworthy output.
The Kalatuwawa Water Treatment Plant was designed to have a nominal production of 90,000 m3
per
day, but with its extensive years of service its capacity has diminished to a nominal output of 70,000 m3
per day. It is not just the capacity that has been affected over time. Rehabilitation works were once
carried out with Japanese assistance from 1985 to 1986, but the plant has gone through some wear
once more and is in need of repairs. Working conditions and general cleanliness have also deteriorated
without sufficient funds for maintenance. The technology utilised at the treatment plant is also
outdated. The network of valves and gates that divert the water flow has to be controlled manually. The
treatment plant also uses a laboratory testing as its mean of monitoring the water quality. These factors
make the daily operation of the facility tedious and costly.
This rehabilitation project intends to address all of these current problems the water treatment plant is
facing. But in order to do so, the locations where improvements are required must be identified. This
report is compiled in order to provide an insight into the current state of the Kalatuwawa Water

Treatment Plant. Understanding the present situation will facilitate better planning and cost efficient
use of resources in the rehabilitation process.
A rudimentary outline of the water treatment plant can obtained from Figure 1.1. Most of the treatment
processes and their setting can be observed from this graphic.
Figure 1.1 - Treatment plant overview

2. Location
The Kalatuwawa water treatment plant and reservoir is situated in the Colombo district in the Labugama
city. The location of the Kalatuwawa WTP can be found in Figure 2.1. It is situated approximately 40 km
from the city of Colombo. It is located with the GPS coordinates of 06° 51.296', 80° 11.304'.
Figure 2.1 - Location of Kalatuwawa
The Kalatuwawa reservoir is strategically located in the western province. One of its key features being
that it is in a close vicinity to the Greater Colombo region. The main advantage the treatment plant
receives from this close proximity is the ability to construct an efficient distribution line. When the
length of water distribution is increased, costs associated with pipe laying and maintenance also
increases proportionally. Therefore much credit has to be given for the discovery of both the
Kalatuwawa and Labugama catchment areas which has a catchment that provides a suitable grade of
raw water.
Much of the coastal area of Sri Lanka is of low elevation, therefore the altitude of the Kalatuwawa
reservoir and treatment plant has led to a sustainable process of water purification and distribution.
The potential energy gathered from the reservoir has been tactfully utilised to satisfy almost all of the
energy demands of the water treatment plant and distribution network. The daily electricity
requirements are generated at the site itself by means of a hydro turbine. In addition to this the water
treatment plant is designed to operate with just the potential head from the reservoir. Pumps are not
required for the operation of the treatment plant.
A general understanding of the topography of the region can be obtained from Figure 2.2. The strategic
location of the Kalatuwawa water treatment plant allows the entire distribution procedure to be

conducted with only the assistance of gravity. The minimum operating level of the Kalatuwawa water
treatment plant is 95.38 m above mean sea level.
Figure 2.2 - Topography of Western Province

3. Raw Water Source
The Kalatuwawa reservoir is the foremost stage of supplying water to the people. Water purification can
be very expensive and in order to provide a better quality drinking water at a low cost, it is essential to
locate a quality raw water source. The Kalatuwawa reservoir receives its primary source of fresh water
from a river called Wak Oya which is branch of the Kelani Ganga. The reservoir has a maximum capacity
of 13.4 million m3
(3500 x 106
gallons).
The raw water source of Kalatuwawa is found to have the following basic water properties :
Figure 3.1 - Quality of raw water

Figure 3.2 - Kalatuwawa Reservoir
Figure 3.2 shows the scenic view of the Kalatuwawa reservoir as seen from above the dam structure.

4. Kalatuwawa Gravity Dam
The Kalatuwawa Dam is made out of solid stone and stands at a height of 80 feet above the river bed
and has a span of 980 feet. The Kalatuwawa dam is designed as a gravity dam, which has a full supply
level of 112.77m (MSL) and a crest level of 115.49m (MSL). The supply level is the maximum height the
water level will rise. After which the water will proceed to the spill region in order to protect the dam
and to control the overflow. The crest level is a measure of the height of the dam structure.
Figure 4.1 - Kalatuwawa Dam & Reservoir

Figure 4.2 shows the walkway and along the top of the dam. It is evident that these locations are still in
good condition and that proper maintenance has ensured its longevity. There are no visible to found on
the rock surface and vegetation growth such as algae is non-existent.
Figure 4.2 - Walkway along dam

The spillway of a dam is designed to let excess water overflow in a controlled manner when the water
level of the reservoir exceeds the dams maximum capacity. Usually the sluice gates of the spillway
require maintenance but because of the design of the Kalatuwawa spillway which doesn’t have any
gates, the spillway still has no defects. The entire face of the spillway is dressed with large rocks. The
area to which the overflowing water falls to, is covered by the native blocks of solid rock.
Figure 4.3 - Spillway

Two security outposts have been located on the walkway across the dam. Both of them have positioned
on either side of the spillway. They provide only very basic facilities for the security officers and it can be
seen that both units are in need of maintenance. These two outposts can be observed from Figure 4.4
and Figure 4.5.
Figure 4.4 - Security guard outpost I

Figure 4.5 - Security guard outpost II
It can be clearly seen that the facilities inside these guard posts are inadequate. A graphic of the interior
of one of the stations can be observed from Figure 4.6. The electrical system is seen to be disorganised
and even basic facilities such as a chair is unavailable. Additionally no communication apparatus is
present in this post. The main purpose of a security outpost such as this is to give a good location for the
officer to see whether there are any malicious activities occurring in the area. But the design of this
outpost is quite contradictory, as the type of windows used and the area of windows is insufficient to
provide adequate visibility over the raw water source.

Figure 4.6 - Interior of security guard outpost
There is an access to the reservoir on top of the dam. This area is fastened with handrails and chains to
prevent unauthorized access. As these components are metallic, they are very susceptible to corrosion.
Therefore it is advisable to conduct maintenance on these parts before serious corrosion sets in.

Figure 4.7 - Handrails on the gravity dam

5. Intake Well
The intake well of the Kalatuwawa, as seen by Figure 5.1 nourishes the water treatment plant with a
continuous supply of water at a consistent pressure head. The intake is controlled by a series of valves
and diverts the water straight to the electricity room. Here the water head is used to generate electricity
to satisfy the energy demand of the treatment plant. Afterwards the water is passed on to the aerator
and to the rest of the treatment plant subsequently.
The intake well is built with stone, just as the dam and has accumulated small repairs over time.
Figure 5.1 - Intake well

Figure 5.2 - Monitoring equipment of the intake well
Various monitoring equipment have been installed at the intake well. One apparatus functions to
monitor the water level of the reservoir. These equipment need to be properly maintained. But as seen
in Figure 5.2, they have been laid out in a very disorderly manner and the PVC pipes which acts as cover
for the wires, is potentially a trip hazard if work ever needs to be conducted in a dark or wet
environment.
This unsystematic arrangement can also be seen in the laying of the earth wire at the intake well. There
is a relatively large earth wire placed in this location. This is to divert the electrical current from that
area in case lightning shall ever strike. As seen in Figure 5.3, it is evident that there has not been a
proper plan to install this piece of equipment. It too poses as a hazard in unsafe working conditions.
The earth wire is only covered by a delicate plastic covering which is not at all durable. Additionally it
can be seen that it is exposed in certain areas. With respect to the excessive voltage and current it is
expected to receive in a lightning strike, it can be marked as unsafe.

Figure 5.3 - Earth wire of intake well
Even though the intake well has been upgraded once before, it is still in need of some degree of some
sort of maintenance for the doors, windows and the handrails that surround the structure. As seen in
Figure 5.4, these afore mentioned components are generally in an acceptable condition but further
maintenance works will keep it in good condition.

Figure 5.4 - Intake well exterior

6. Meter Box & Control Valve
The structure housing the meter box and control valve is in decent condition. Gutters and poles have
undergone intense corrosion over time and will have to be repaired or replaced.
Figure 6.1 - Meter box & control valve structure

Figure 6.2 - Deteriorating roof
Figure 6.3 - Damaged roof & ridge tiles

Figure 6.4 - Control valve I
Figure 6.5 - Control valves II

Figure 6.6 - Checker plates
Figure 6.7 - Meter box

Figure 6.8 - Drain pipes
Figure 6.9 - Poorly fixed electrical items

7. Aerator
The first stage of purification initiates at the aerator. The main objective of the aerator is to thoroughly
mix air with the raw water. By doing this it is able to dispel other gases such as carbon dioxide and
chlorine which have been already dissolved in the water source.
Figure 7.1 shows the aerating unit which is operating at the Kalatuwawa water treatment plant. It is
observable that the apparatus is still functional and has only undergone mild deterioration over the
years.
Figure 7.1 - Water aerator
Even though the overall performance of this structure has been preserved, it has still undergone wear
and tear. As seen in Figure 7.2, there is some degree of organic matter which is growing on the aerators.
Small foliage and various sorts of algae can be identified on the metallic notches of the aerator. This
could potentially affect the water quality of the water and gives a general degraded appearance to the
water aerating unit.
The growth of vegetation including algae and other aquatic plants can be further observed from Figure
7.3. This is the general state of the aerator. Various sorts of vegetation have grown over it with time.

Figure 7.2 - Vegetation growth on the aerator I
Figure 7.3 - Vegetation growth on the aerator II

Figure 7.4 - Exterior wall of aerator
Figure 7.5 - Interior walls of aerator

Besides the problems regarding the vegetation, the aerator also has unclean and unpainted exterior and
interior walls. This also adds to the unpleasant and unprofessional appearance of the water treating
unit. The Figure 7.4 depicts the current nature of the exterior walls.
Additionally the interior walls of the aerator have also not been painted. It is essential that it is painted
in order to make it clearly visible, the surfaces that the water is in contact. Without this visibility it is
difficult to identify any defects or cracks on the surface. It is also unclear to see where the vegetation is
growing on the walls. This issue could easily be identified in Figure 7.5.
It is a short sighted approach to allow these surfaces to function without being properly painted, with
the appropriate not toxic and insoluble paints, as maintenance will be costly as defects will only be able
to be identified once it has propagated sufficiently. Therefore in order to implement an early detection
process, the interior walls of the aerator must be improved.
Figure 7.6 - Cracks in aerator
Furthermore small cracks and leaks can be found on the walls of the aerating unit. Such an example can
be observed from Figure 7.6. It is very advisable that these minor problems should be repaired as soon
as possible before it is able to propagate. Otherwise a more significant cost will be incurred later when
doing so.

Figure 7.7 - Aerator access stairway
There is an access stairway to the aerator intake as shown by Figure 7.7. It is generally in good condition
but there are some minor repairs to be done to reinstate it. The handrails have gone through some mild
corrosion. Furthermore the handrails have been installed in an insecure scheme. There is one location as
seen in Figure 7.8, near the intake of the aerator where there is a large gap between the handrails. This
makes this location unsafe as an incautious visitor or technician could easily fall through it into the pit
below.

Figure 7.8 - Unsafe handrails near aerator structure
Figure 7.9 - Supply lines

Figure 7.10 - Covers for piping
Figure 7.11 - Unorganised pipes I

Figure 7.12 - Unorganised pipes II
Figure 7.13 - Unorganised pipes III

Figure 7.14 - Primitive contraptions for alum distribution
Figure 7.15 - Waste material in the premises

8. Chlorine Storage Building
The chlorination building as shown by Figure 8.1 is in a deteriorated condition. It is unsuitable for the
new quality standards the renovation project will create.
Figure 8.1 - Chlorine storage building

Figure 8.2 - Chemical storage building loading area
Figure 8.3 - Roofing structure

Figure 8.4 - Water leakage

9. Coagulation, Flocculation and Sedimentation Tanks
The tanks are in relatively functional condition with no major defects. A thorough cleaning of the tanks,
sludge collecting lamellas and piping is required in addition to painting the premises. The tanks missing
a few handrails and the existing ones are in need of repairs and painting.
Figure 9.1 - Coagulation chambers

Figure 9.2 - Basic flow control system
Figure 9.3 - Worsening condition of construction joints

Figure 9.4 - Unclean interior walls
Figure 9.5 - Unpainted interior walls

Figure 9.6 - Exterior walls I
Figure 9.7 - Exterior walls II

Figure 9.8 - Malfunctioning equipment
Figure 9.9 - Damaged checker plates

Figure 9.10 - Damaged lamella plates I
Figure 9.11 - Damaged lamella plates II

Figure 9.12 - Corrosion on existing horizontal frame
Figure 9.13 - Missing handrails

Figure 9.14 - Makeshift works near on walkway
Figure 9.15 - Corrosion on existing handrails

Figure 9.16 - Access stairway
Figure 9.17 - Makeshift lighting

Figure 9.18 - Sedimentation tank without a roof
Figure 9.19 - Makeshift apparatus

10. Sand Filters
The performance of the existing filters has been reduced over time and in need of major improvements.
Moreover the area lacks hand rails along the walkways and has wiring running along them. These factors
contribute towards creating an unsafe working environment.
Figure 10.1 - Sand filter structure

Figure 10.2 - Rapid sand filter
Figure 10.3 - Sand filter media I

Figure 10.4 - Sand filter media II
Figure 10.5 - Sand filter media III

Figure 10.6 - Penstock & operating motor
Figure 10.7 - Condition of motor

Figure 10.8 - Brick partition and piping
Figure 10.9 - Water channel in filter structure

Figure 10.10 - Electric wiring systems
Figure 10.11 - Access way

Figure 10.12 - Makeshift works

11. Filter Gallery
The filter gallery is in overall acceptable condition. Only minor repairs, cleaning and painting need to be
carried out. There are some leaks in the pipes lining the walls as shown in Figure 11.7. These need to be
also fixed
Figure 11.1 - Filter Gallery

Figure 11.2 - Electrical works I
Figure 11.3 - Electrical works II

Figure 11.4 - Access ladder
Figure 11.5 – Leaks

Figure 11.6 - Leaks on floor
Figure 11.7 - Leaks on interior walls

Figure 11.8 – Handrails
Figure 11.9 - Construction joints

Figure 11.10 – Doorway
Figure 11.11 - Shattered windows

Figure 11.12 – Manhole
Figure 11.13 - Cracks on interior walls

12. Chemical Storage Building
The chemical building requires renovation in order to bring it up to the new agreed quality standards.
Major clean-up of the building is required in order to operate this building properly. In its current state it
is unorganized and waste materials have accumulated over time. There are items to be removed from
the premise as shown in
Figure 12.1 - Chemical storage building

Figure 12.2 - Exterior walls and damaged windows I
Figure 12.3 - Exterior walls and damaged windows II

Figure 12.4 - Exterior walls and damaged windows III
Figure 12.5 - Entrance

Figure 12.6 - Roller door
Figure 12.7 - Entrance & steel beams

Figure 12.8 - Entrance & unprotected drain
Figure 12.9 - Chemical storage & column

Figure 12.10 - Access stairway to roof
Figure 12.11 - Chemical storage

Figure 12.12 - Cable trays
Figure 12.13 - Electrical fittings I

Figure 12.14 - Electrical fittings II
Figure 12.15 - Cracks on the ceiling

Figure 12.16 - Old weighing scale
Figure 12.17 - Non-operational lime adding chamber

Figure 12.18 - Lime adding chamber
Figure 12.19 - Corroded metal surface

Figure 12.20 - Lime addition unit
Figure 12.21 – Pumps I

Figure 12.22 - Pumps II
Figure 12.23 - Unclean surfaces

Figure 12.24 - Lime mixing chamber
Figure 12.25 - Mechanical components of lime mixing chamber

Figure 12.26 - Alum mixing chambers I
Figure 12.27 - Alum mixing chambers II

Figure 12.28 - Alum mixing chambers III
Figure 12.29 - Corroded and leaking pipe

Figure 12.30 – Piping works
Figure 12.31 - Leaks in pipes

Figure 12.32 - Discoloured interior walls
Figure 12.33 - Unusable equipment

13. Back Wash Water Tank
Figure 13.1 - Back wash water tank I

Figure 13.2 - Back wash water tank II

14. Back Wash Pump Room
Minor repairs and cleaning need to be conducted to the backwash pump room. Small leaks have
occurred and need to be mended. Because of these leaks and lack of maintenance, intense cleaning has
to be conducted. Furthermore the entire room has to be fully painted along with the access ladder.
Figure 14.1 - Access ladder I

Figure 14.2 - Access ladder II
Figure 14.3 - Floor and piping

Figure 14.4 - Pumps & pipes
Figure 14.5 - Discoloured interior walls and ladder

15. Waste Water Settling Tank
The wastewater settling tank is in a functional state but minor works such as cleaning and repainting the
guardrails is required to bring it to a satisfactory standard.
Figure 15.1 - Waster water settling tank I

Figure 15.2 1 - Waster water settling tank II
Figure 15.3 - Waste water settling tank III

Figure 15.4 – Room

16. Sludge Lagoon
The performance of the sludge lagoon is insufficient to cope up the expected capacity of the treatment
plant. The main reason for that is because the climate of this region not being suitable for such a sludge
thickening technique.
Figure 16.1 - Sludge lagoon I

Figure 16.2 - Sludge lagoon II
Figure 16.3 - Sludge lagoon III

Figure 16.4 - Sludge lagoon IV

17. Petroleum Storage
Figure 17.1 - Petroleum storage tanks I

Figure 17.2 - Petroleum storage tanks II
Figure 17.3 - Petroleum storage tanks III

18. Electricity Room
Figure 18.1 - Operational equipment

Figure 18.2 - Makeshift partition
Figure 18.3 - Hydro turbines

Figure 18.4 - Gantry crane section
Figure 18.5 - Backup generator and petroleum barrels

19. Administration Building
The administration building which comprises of the general office, laboratory, store are, lobby, wash
rooms, telephone exchange are in functioning conditions but improvements need to be carried out in
order to meet the necessary specifications. Cracks can be found on the walls throughout the building
and must be repaired as specified.
Figure 19.1 - Administration Building

Figure 19.2 - Cracks in the Administration Building

20. Main Stores
The overall condition of the main stores is acceptable even though minor repairs have to be carried out
in order to maintain its functionality. The main entrance of this building consists of a metallic gate which
over time has undergone corrosion and needs to be replaced. The hut next to the main stores, which
houses the weighing machine, needs to be cleaned, repainted and repaired as well. We would
recommend that the weighing machine itself to be recalibrated and restored to a decent condition.
Additionally the driveway to the weighing platform is just mere grass bed which is not levelled. It could
cause difficulties in manoeuvring vehicles on and off the weighing platform.
Figure 20.1 - Main stores

Figure 20.2 - Weighing room
Figure 20.3 - Interior of stores

Figure 20.4 - Interior of warehouse
Figure 20.5 - Interior of warehouse II

Figure 20.6 - Interior of warehouse III
Figure 20.7 - Interior of warehouse IV

Figure 20.8 - Interior of warehouse V

21. Quarters
The quarters are in a very rundown condition and in need of repairs, thorough cleaning and painting.
Vegetation has grown along the houses as seen Figure 21.1.
Figure 21.1 - Quarters I

Figure 21.2 - Quarters II
Figure 21.3 - Quarters III

Figure 21.4 - Quarters IV
Figure 21.5 - Quarters V

Figure 21.6 - Quarters VI
Figure 21.7 - Quarters VII

Figure 21.8 - Navy quarters I
Figure 21.9 - Navy quarters II

22. Guards Booth
Figure 22.1 - Security gate at Kalatuwawa site

Figure 22.2 - Security booth
Figure 22.3 - Interior of security booth

Figure 22.4 - Exterior of security booth

24. Parking Garage
The parking garage which is situated opposite to the old water board office can be used to park a
maximum of 03 vehicles. It has been designed with a high roof in order to accommodate heavy vehicles.
But over time it has gone under deterioration and is need of a few minor repairs.
As seen in Figure 24.1 and Figure 24.2, there isn’t adequate protection for the vehicles from the
weather. Because of its basic design the effects of the weather such as heavy weather and sunshine
cannot be blocked by the garage.
Figure 24.1 - Parking garage I

Figure 24.2 - Parking garage II

25. Landscaping & Road Works
The landscaping works of the Kalatuwawa site have been maintained to a great degree. The roads are
still usable and vegetation growth has been controlled. There is still room for improvement though. As
seen in Figure 25.2 the hand rails has lost its lustre and physically does not look up to standard. Such
minor issues give an unprofessional appearance to the treatment plant.
The road which leads to the treatment plant is in good condition as is the small stone arch bridge. It has
adequate width to transport heavy vehicles. Currently this road is used is used to transport the large
chlorine gas cylinders and so far no issues have been observed so far.
Figure 25.1 - Main access road

Figure 25.2 - Hand rails
Figure 25.3 - Solitary road into the treatment plant

Conditional Survey Report Kalatuwawa

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