This presentation explains the infamous standard for wireless broadband communication, called LTE. CONTENTS What is it? (Laymen Explanation) Types (LTE-TDD, LTE-FDD) with technical differences Features Made of? Voice Calls possible? - VolTE - CSFB - SVLTE Can We Call it 4G? Summary

1. LTE
Types, Features and Working
VIT, Pune
by
SHAKEEB AHMAD [119M0027]

2. What is LTE?
• Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband
communication for mobile devices and data terminals
• Based on the UMTS 3G technology
• Much of the LTE standard addresses the upgrading of 3G UMTS to
what will eventually be 4G
• A large amount of the work is aimed at simplifying the architecture of
the system

3. Types
• 2 Mobile data transmission technologies
• Major difference:
• How data is uploaded and downloaded
• What frequency spectra the networks are deployed in
• Long-Term Evolution Time-Division Duplex (LTE-TDD)
• Uses a single frequency, alternating between uploading and downloading
data through time
• Long-Term Evolution Frequency-Division Duplex (LTE-FDD)
• Paired frequencies to upload and download data

4. Types (…continued)
• Despite the differences in how the two types of LTE handle data
transmission
• LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD share 90 percent of their core technology
• Making it possible for the same chipsets and networks to use both
versions of LTE
• A number of companies produce dual-mode chips or mobile devices,
including Samsung and Qualcomm

5. Features
• Peak download rates up to 299.6 Mbit/s and upload rates up to 75.4
Mbit/s
• Cost effective
• Low data transfer latencies
• lower latencies for handover and connection setup time
• Higher network throughput
• Improved support for mobility, exemplified by support for terminals
moving at up to 350 km/h

6. Features (…continued)
• Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access for the downlink,
Single-carrier FDMA for the uplink to conserve power
• Support for inter-operation and co-existence with legacy standards
(GSM/GPRS or W-CDMA-based UMTS )
• Uplink and downlink Carrier aggregation.
• Packet-switched radio interface.
• Most carriers supporting GSM networks can be expected to upgrade
their networks to LTE at some stage

7. Made of?
• OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) for Downlink
• SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) for Uplink
• MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output
• E-UTRAN (for Network)

8. Voice Calls
• With the adoption of LTE, carriers will have to re-engineer their voice
call network
• The LTE standard supports only packet switching with its all-IP network
• Voice calls in GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 are circuit switched
• 3 different approaches sprang up:
• 1] Voice over LTE (VoLTE)
• VoLTE networks support both voice and data at the same time, without
hampering the other. Whereas, the traditional LTE networks may or may not
support data and voice together, or may affect the quality of the voice call

9. Voice Calls (…continued)
• 2] Circuit-Switched Fallback (CSFB)
• LTE just provides data services
• Voice call is to be made, it will fall back to the circuit-switched domain.
• Adv: Operators can provide services quickly
• Disadv: longer call setup delay
• 3] Simultaneous Voice and LTE (SVLTE)
• Handset works simultaneously in the LTE and circuit switched modes
• LTE mode providing data services and the circuit switched mode providing the
voice service. This is a solution solely based on the handset, which does not
have special requirements on the network
• Disadv: the phone can become expensive with high power consumption.

10. Is it 4G?
• Contrary to popular belief, LTE at the current stage was not always
considered 4G
• ITU determines what can be considered 4G
• 3.95G
• LTE-Advanced did make the cut through
• Business people vs technophiles on definition of 4G

11. Conclusion
• To solve “How to get many people to share a piece of spectrum”, LTE
uses OFDMA which increases throughput