FORMAT FOR ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY1) ArticleBronowski, P., & Ga

FORMAT FOR ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) Article
Bronowski, P., & Gabrysiak, J. (1999). Community-based drug
prevention in Poland. Drugs: Education, prevention and policy,
6(3).
Introduction
This article discusses a community program
called Kuzânia, in Poland this is designed to keep the youth of
Poland occupied in a safe and healthy manner and deterring
them from drug use based on accessibility and boredom. This
program empowers the youth to use their own methods of
problem-solving and create a healthy lifestyle.
Summary
This program’s methodology consists of two parts, one
part focuses on individual care, and the other emphasizes the
use of group activities. By focusing on these two parts, the
youth spend their free time in a satisfying, socially acceptable
way. The group aspect reenforces accountability for one another
to maintain the integrity of the program. Prior to this program
being stood up, younger and younger people were trying drugs
for the first time and expanding their drugs of choice. In
addition to the rise in clientele, the accessibility to different
type of drugs was on the rise as well. Because of this program,
2,600 people from the age of 8 to 18 were taken care of.
Evaluation of Article
In Courtelaney Pass, there were serval drug raids and
search warrants that were being conducted in only one part of
the city. This resulted in the outrage of community members.
The search warrant is an important weapon in the government’s
arsenal for investigating suspected criminal activity (Benner,
2002). The use of this tool has been perceived by the public as a
way for the government to flex their power over the people. In
this instance, the government should be flexing a different
muscle and create program similar to that of the Kuzânia.

Instead of always going in and getting the criminals, the focus
should be shifted to assist the people before they become
criminals.
Conclusion and Policy Implications
Poland was successful in creating a program that
deterred youth from getting into drugs by curtailing their free
time with constructive activities. Courtelaney Pass has created a
hostile community environment by addressing only the
criminals in the city. If there was more focus on the public,
prior to them becoming criminals, the city would see a drop in
overall unrest and criminal activity.
References
Benner, L. A. (2002). Racial disparity in narcotics search
warrants. Gender Race & Justice, 183.
Bronowski, P., & Gabrysiak, J. (1999). Community-based drug
prevention in Poland. Drugs: Education, prevention and policy,
6(3).
Saint Leo University
CRM 499
Term Project/Situational Report
Courtelaney Pass is a mid-sized municipality in the
Southeastern United States. It has a
population of 80,000 residents made up of: 55% white, 38%
black, and 7% Hispanic. The
primary industry is agricultural and industrial with the
unemployment rate at 8.7%. By national
standards the city would be considered “blue collar” with a
median household income of
$38,000. The school system remains troubled as the drop-out
rate is high and, other than the

elementary schools, the middle and high schools have perpetual
“D” ratings. There is a great
deal of “southern pride” evident in this community as
confederate flags are frequently flown and
unfortunately, the fledgling local KKK is attempting to
revitalize itself.
Two out of the five city council members are considered “good
old boys” that are satisfied with
the status quo and are apathetic towards the civil unrest that has
been percolating in the black
community. Within the past twelve months there have been
protests in the black community that
have steadily been growing. Those residents complain that
policing is biased against them and
that unnecessary and excessive force is commonplace;
especially amongst young black males.
Due to recent nationwide events surrounding similar claims, the
national media is paying
particular attention to Courtelaney Pass.
The police department is appropriately sized to police this
jurisdiction. The chief is a 42-year-old
white male who has been with the department for twenty years
working his way up the ranks.
He has no college degree but is working towards it via on-line
classes. The demographics of the
agency do not mirror the community as 94% of the department
is white. The only minorities in
the agency work in non-sworn support roles. The chief claims
that he is attempting to attract
minority applicants but the majority of those interested cannot
pass the entrance exam. He
claims that those who can pass end up going to work for the
state police instead where the
salary is $12,000 per year more.

Questionable Enforcement Tactics?
There are eight major intersections in Courtelaney Pass (CP)
and each is equipped with
intersection cameras. As municipalities that employ such
devices share the revenue from fines
with the manufacturer, the city averages $2.1 million dollars per
year in revenue from these
fines. The constitutionality of this practice is highly debated
and public support is low according
to recent surveys. A local “action group” has filed a lawsuit
against the city in an attempt to
remove these cameras; this lawsuit is pending a court date. A
recent study conducted by a local
CP reporter indicated that per capita, the revenue generated for
the city is twice as high as any
similarly situated city in the state that utilizes these cameras.
The reporter also alluded to the
fact (not substantiated yet) that black residents are twice as
likely as whites to be ticketed for
intersection violations.
Courtelaney Pass is listed by AAA as the “Biggest Speed Trap
in the South” as a major highway
runs north to south through the town. Particularly, the speed
limit reduces from 55 mph to 35
mph in a 50-yard stretch of road and consistently a police
officer is running radar (in a
concealed fashion) at the 35 mph speed sign. The CP reporter
has also written that blacks and
out of town travelers passing through receive 87% of the
speeding tickets. This statement is
backed up by the reporter’s study of statistics from the
Department of Highway Safety and
Motor Vehicles. The reporter has also spoken to former officers

(off the record) who report that
the Chief of Police mandates that each officer issue at least 12
citations per shift. It is common
that most traffic enforcers allow a motorist 10 mph over the
posted limit, but during a recent
interview with the chief he has stated that he has a “zero
tolerance for speed, as it kills” so he
instructs his officers to issue tickets for 5 mph over the limit.
The chief would not comment on
the 12 citation minimum per shift policy.
As Courtelaney Pass has recently seen its violent crime rate
soar by 35%, the chief believes
that this is due to the proliferation of street drugs being sold in
open air, drive up, drug markets.
These “markets” are located on the southern edge of the city
where the majority of the
population is minority. The CP Police Narcotics Unit conducts
regular and aggressive
enforcement actions including crack cocaine search warrants
and reverse sales operations
wherein undercover officers pose as drug sellers and customers
are arrested for purchasing.
During one of these operations, a shooting occurred wherein a
known dealer shot at the
undercover officer who returned fire, killing the dealer. The
ensuing internal affairs investigation
cleared the officer and the day that this report was made public,
rioting erupted in the minority
community. This unrest actually spilled over into the dow n-
town area requiring the chief of
police to call in re-enforcements from neighboring agencies and
the state police. As a result, 13

businesses were badly damaged, 8 officers injured, and 112
rioters and looters were arrested.
The minority community has warned that if relations do not
immediately improve with the police
that more unrest was certain. After this shooting incident and
subsequent riots, the chief has
suspended all narcotic enforcement actions in the area.
Political Influences
The 5,600 Hispanic residents are counted only as those who
responded to the census or were
property owners. It is estimated that an additional 5,000 +
undocumented immigrants also call
Courtelaney Pass home. The majorities of these folks work in
the immense strawberry fields
and orange groves and are paid $5.00 per hour in cash (off the
books). It is very common for
these migrants to be the victims of home invasion robberies on
pay day. Local drug dealers and
MS13 gangsters kick in their doors, take their hard earned cash,
and occasionally even rape
their wives. The CP Police Sergeant that oversees street crimes
reports that these migrants are
easy prey as they will not report these crimes to the police for
fear of being deported. The
sergeant addressed this issue at a city council meeting where no
words of wisdom were offered
to him. At the conclusion of the meeting, in the parking lot, a
white city councilman told the
sergeant “I couldn’t care less what happens to those people….
they don’t vote!!!”
More Revelations
4 years ago, Kayla Williams disappeared from her bedroom.

Kayla, a 9-year-old African
American child was sleeping in her bed in a very small bedroom
with no air-conditioning so, as
typical, her window was open. Her mother found her bed empty
the next morning and frantically
called the police. The responding officer from Courtelaney Pass
Police Department downplayed
the mother’s fears by stating that Kayla probably ran away. The
officer told her to call back if
Kayla did not come home by the next day and left without
documenting the incident. The
horrified mother spoke with her father who told her that the
police would not help them as they
are “the wrong color” and they must help themselves. The
family and friends convened a search
party and two days later found Kayla’s body in a cypress swamp
bordering Lake Diemer. She
was wearing her night shirt, no panties, and there were no
visible signs of trauma or injury.
The police were summoned to the scene and two officers
responded. Upon viewing her body,
which laid on its back almost in a peaceful sleeping position,
the officers notified the forensics
unit and one technician came to the scene. The body was
photographed and the area was
searched for any sign of evidence. Numerous footprints, large
and small, were detected in the
immediate area which was no surprise; the area is a favorite
fishing spot. Most of the footprints
were photographed, but plaster casts were not made. Kayla’s
ripped panties were discovered
on the leaf covered trail that leads to the water’s edge. The

medical examiner responded to the
scene and removed the body. The following day, Det. Singer
attended the autopsy which was to
be performed by Dr. Elmer Clausen, a lifelong resident of CP.
Det. Singer was surprised that the
doctor did not perform a full autopsy wherein the body cavity
was opened and internal organs
examined, nor did he perform a sexual assault examination.
When asked by Det. Singer, the
doctor stated that he had already “surmised” that she had died
as a result of a snake bite,
probably from a water moccasin. He pointed out two small
puncture type wounds on the back
side of Kayla’s right thigh. He promised Singer that toxicology
would support his belief. When
Singer questioned him about the ripped panties, he replied
“That’s your job; there is a scratch
by her upper thigh that looks like a tree branch hit her, it
probably ripped her panties and they
fell off”. When Det. Singer reported this to his Sergeant he was
told that there is no fighting Dr.
Clausen…. historically what he says goes!! Kayla Williams
“official” cause of death was snake
venom poisoning, even though the toxicological results were
still pending, and she was buried
the following week.
The black community was outraged at what it deemed an
insufficient investigation due to the
fact that Kayla, and her family, was poor and black. Det.
Singer, who was relatively new to the
police department and area, was invited to lunch with a reporter
from the Courtelaney Journal.
The reporter told Singer that this was not the first time a young
minority girl had been found
dead under suspicious circumstances in Courtelaney. During the

past seven years, three other
pre-teens, two Hispanic, one black, were discovered “missing”
from their bedrooms and later
their bodies were discovered in wooded areas. Reportedly, none
had obvious signs of trauma
and all were deemed “Death by Non-Homicide” by Dr. Clausen.
Very recently, retired CP police Detective Sid Throtmorten
became terminally ill and called for
his best friend and local plumber Tom Johnson to come to his
bedside. Sid, knowing that he
was hours away from death told Tom that he had to make
something right before he died. He
asked Tom if Tom remember Officer Iozzi who worked for the
agency for ten years before being
fired for gross insubordination. Tom vaguely recalled Iozzi.
Throtmorten told Tom that Iozzi was
attracted to young girls and that he had raped and killed that
“little Kayla girl”. He further advised
that Iozzi, also a former police defensive tactics instructor,
bragged that by utilizing a “carotid
choke hold” he could kill someone without leaving marks on the
victim’s neck. Just before dying,
Throtmorten also reported that other officers, still with the
agency, are aware of what Iozzi did.
After being terminated from the department, Iozzi moved to
Idaho. Tom reported this revelation
to Det. Singer.
One month ago, as a result of continual racial tensions and
allegations of corruption, the Chief
of Police resigned under pressure. Governor Neely has installed
an interim Chief of Police to
heal the community, examine and evaluate policy, practices, and
procedures, and restore the
faith and trust of the people. He also appointed a Special

Prosecutor to examine all things of
legal relevance to the issues in this community. The Special
Prosecutor must evaluate civil and
criminal issues pertaining to the governance of Courtelaney
Pass and utilize his/her legal power
as needed to issue subpoenas, search/arrest warrants, etc. The
Interim Chief of Police has
brought with him/her a special investigator who will hold the
rank of Captain of Investigations.
This individual will evaluate, examine, lead, and investigate all
issues pertaining to criminal acts.
Instructions
After carefully reading and studying this situational report,
contemplate which of these three
roles/tracks you wish to assume for your senior project:
Chief of Police- You have full authority to examine all policies
and practices within the agency.
As such, you can make policy, dispose of bad policy, and
address employment and hiring
concerns. You will be responsible to effectively deal with the
racial unrest and identify its core.
You have the power to hire, fire, demote, and/or promote.
Special Prosecutor- Your role is to examine, evaluate, and act
upon any and all legal issues,
civil and criminal, that may arise from your research and
investigation. This includes hiring
practices, enforcement techniques and strategies, issues relative
to discrimination, excessive
force, and evidence handling issues. You can issue subpoenas,

search and arrest warrants,
wire-tap orders, and any and all other legal tactics available.
You would also serve as the
prosecutor for any arrests made under this inquiry.
Captain of Investigations- Lead, and participate in, all criminal
and forensic investigations and
issues that arise from the situational report. Suspect
identification, location, arrest, forensic
analysis, setting strategies for needed criminal investigations,
and execution of search warrants,
arrest warrants, etc. are some of the typical duties involved.
Deliverables
Identification of Research and Investigative Issues and
Questions:
From the situational report, comprise a list of concerns and
issues that are relative to your
position. Hint: There are a least a half dozen issues and
concerns for each position. You must
articulate why your issue is a concern and not simply list it
without explanation. For example: Do
not simply list “Ticket Quotas”. If you feel this is an issue,
explain why you feel ticket quotas may
be problematic for the city. List those issues very specifically
as this will be the launch pad for
your over-all inquiry. This is due in Module 2.
Annotated Bibliography:
Utilizing the Saint Leo Library and any other supplemental
resources, locate at least ten (10)
peer reviewed articles regarding your inquiry. During this
assignment you will have the
opportunity to examine what the experts have researched,
studied, and written about in your
specific discipline. There is a plethora of articles related to civil

and criminal law, as well as case
law, leadership issues regarding hiring, promotion, anti -
discrimination, civil unrest, forensic
science, DNA analysis, exhumation procedures, etc. Utilize
library resources in addition to
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ in order to
refresh yourself on creating an
annotated bibliography. Your assignment requires 10 annotated
bibliographies relative to your
situation report position. This is due in Module 3.
Literature Review:
Utilizing your annotated bibliography, create a brief literature
review that synthesizes what you
have learned from your research. Utilize library resources in
addition to
refresh yourself on creating a
literature review. Your literature review should be 3-4 pages.
This is due in Module 4.
Preliminary Report – Executive Summary:
Create an executive summary for the Governor. In this
summary, you will synopsize what you
have determined and accomplished thus far and what you
anticipate discovering and
accomplishing in the future. Remember, the Governor is
counting on you to execute your duties
with precision. Your executive summary should be 4-5 pages.
Formal Presentation:
You will be reporting to the Governor all of your findings,

actions, and remedies during this
PowerPoint presentation. It is vitally important to focus on
issues that you identified and
why/how you dealt with those issues. Your presentation must be
professionally presented with
appropriate transitions, animations, video (if utilized), notes
from interviews you may have had
with real-life experts, and highly detailed with specificity. This
will be an in-class presentation
and you should have at least 15 slides. The draft of this is due
in Module 7, the final version is
due in Module 8.
Note: Feel free to exercise as much creative license as you
need. You are expected to
improvise and create effects from your inquiry such as
recruiting informants, obtaining
subpoenas, executing search warrants, or partnering with a
community civic leader. You may
add to the situational report, i.e.: You identified two officers
who were aware of Throtmorten’s
crimes, but you cannot take out or disregard any facts that are
contained within the report. So,
feel free to be very creative in what you discover from your
inquiry!
1
CRM 499

Senior Seminar in Criminology
Course Description:
This capstone course is designed to synthesize the information
and insights from the other courses in the
Criminology curriculum. It includes computer-based research in
crime trends and causes; a research project that
evaluates criminal justice policy-making, leadership, legal
issues, administrative functions, investigative tactics,
and civic engagement; and an assessment of each senior
criminology major’s knowledge level through the
administration of a nationally based criminology achievement
examination.
Prerequisite:
POL 123 and CRM 220
Senior standing in Criminal Justice
Textbook:
American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication
manual of the American Psychological Association (6th
ed.). Washington, DC: Author. ISBN-13: 978-1-4338-0561-5
Learning Outcomes:
Specific objectives are:
1. Criminal justice information gathering and analysis: The
student must demonstrate the ability to use
the library, to network, and to conduct computer-based research
to gather sufficient information to
successfully complete a capstone criminal justice related
project.

2. Project Organization and Presentation: The student must
demonstrate the ability to organize and
present a coherent public administration, community service,
and policy-making initiative. This
outcome connects with the Core Value of Community.
3. Core Curriculum: The student must demonstrate a mastery of
the essential content of the Criminology
core curriculum.
4. Theoretical Integration and Application: The student must
demonstrate the ability to integrate
theoretical knowledge with concrete information and to apply
the strategies that result to the
evaluation and presentation of criminal justice related
initiatives.
Core Value:
Community: Saint Leo University develops hospitable Christian
learning communities everywhere we serve. We
foster a spirit of belonging, unity, and interdependence based on
mutual trust and respect to create socially
responsible environments that challenge all of us to listen, to
learn, to change, and to serve.
Evaluation:
Grades will be computed on the following basis:
Item Points Each

Points
Total
Percent
Each
Percent
Total
Identification of Research and Investigative
Issues and Questions 100 100 5% 5%
Annotated Bibliography 100 100 10% 10%
Literature Review 100 100 15% 15%
Discussion (8) 100 800 2% 16%
Preliminary Report – Executive Summary 100 100 24% 24%
Formal Presentation 100 100 30% 30%
2
Discussions:
The discussions involve each student responding to a question
or prompt posted by the instructor no later than
Thursday 11:59 PM EST/EDT of each module. Additionally,
each student will respond in a collegial manner to at
least two other classmates’ initial responses no later than
Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT.
Questions:
issues that are relative to your position. Hint: There

are a least a half dozen issues and concerns for each position.
You must articulate why your issue is a concern
and not simply list it without explanation. For example: Do not
simply list “Ticket Quotas”. If you feel this is an
issue, explain why you feel ticket quotas may be problematic
for the city. List those issues very specifically as this
will be the launch pad for your over-all inquiry.
resources, locate at least ten (10) peer reviewed
articles regarding your inquiry. During this assignment you will
have the opportunity to examine what the experts
have researched, studied, and written about in your specific
discipline. There is a plethora of articles related to
civil and criminal law, as well as case law, leadership issues
regarding hiring, promotion, anti-discrimination, civil
unrest, forensic science, DNA analysis, exhumation procedures,
etc. Utilize library resources in addition to
refresh yourself on creating an annotated
bibliography. Your assignment requires 10 annotated
bibliographies relative to your situation report position.
Literature Review:
review that synthesizes what you have learned from
your research. Utilize library resources in addition to
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ in order
to refresh yourself on creating a literature review. Your
literature review should be 3-4 pages.
summary, you will synopsize what you have determined
and accomplished thus far and what you anticipate discovering

and accomplishing in the future. Remember, the
Governor is counting on you to execute your duties with
precision. Your executive summary should be 4-5 pages.
actions, and remedies during this PowerPoint
presentation. It is vitally important to focus on issues that you
identified and why/how you dealt with those issues.
Your presentation must be professionally presented with
appropriate transitions, animations, video (if utilized),
notes from interviews you may have had with real-life experts,
and highly detailed with specificity. This will be an
in-class presentation and you should have at least 15 slides.
need. You are expected to improvise and create
effects from your inquiry such as recruiting informants,
obtaining subpoenas, executing search warrants, or
partnering with a community civic leader. You may add to the
situational report, i.e.: You identified two officers
who were aware of Throtmorten’s crimes, but you cannot take
out or disregard any facts that are contained within
the report. So, feel free to be very creative in what you discover
from your inquiry!
3
Grading Scale:
The final course grade will be determined by the combined
scores of the above list and will be awarded as
follows:
Grade Score (%)

A 94-100
A- 90-93
B+ 87-89
B 84-86
B- 80-83
C+ 77-79
C 74-76
C- 70-73
D+ 67-69
D 60-66
F 0-59
4
Course Schedule:
Module 1 Current Challenges in Policing
Objectives When you complete this module, you should be able
to:
of policing diverse communities.
Assignments

Module 2 Research and Leadership in Criminal Justice
to:
tinent issues and challenges posed by the
situational report.
Assignments
Module 3 APA Formatting and Police Liability
to:
issues.

Assignments
Items to be Completed: Due No Later Than:
Read/view the content contained within the
module; including the Situational Report
Post an introduction and a short biography to the
class Thursday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
Post an initial response to the discussion
question Thursday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
Post responses to at least two classmates Sunday 11:59 PM
EST/EDT
Begin preparations for the CRM ETS Major Field
Test Module 7
module

EST/EDT
Submit the Research Identification Assignment Sunday 11:59
PM EST/EDT
module
EST/EDT
Submit the Annotated Bibliography Assignment Sunday 11:59
PM EST/EDT
Submit proctor information for the CRM ETS
Major Field Test Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
5
Module 4 The Criminal Justice System: Effective Research and
Investigative Tactics
to:

Assignments
Module 5 Forensics and Executive Summaries
to:
ence.
Assignments
Module 6 Community Engagement and Transformational

Leadership
to:
mational leadership.
Assignments
module
EST/EDT
Submit the Literature Review Assignment Sunday 11:59 PM
EST/EDT
Complete the CRM ETS Major Field Test Module 7
module

EST/EDT
Submit the Executive Briefing Summary
Assignment Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
module
EST/EDT
6
Module 7 Effective Communications and Formal Presentation
Preparation
to:
he benefit of team collaboration.
techniques.
Assignments

Module 8 Professional Presentation and Criminal Justice
Mission
to:
mission.
Assignments

module
Post a draft of your Formal Presentation to the
discussion board Thursday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
Post questions and comments to at least two
classmates’ Formal Presentations Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
Complete the CRM ETS Major Field Test Sunday 11:59 PM
EST/EDT
module
EST/EDT
Submit the Formal Presentation Assignment Sunday 11:59 PM
EST/EDT
1
CRM 499
Senior Seminar in Criminology

Course Description:
This capstone course is designed to synthesize the information
and insights from the other courses in the
Criminology curriculum. It includes computer-based research in
crime trends and causes; a research project that
evaluates criminal justice policy-making, leadership, legal
issues, administrative functions, investigative tactics,
and civic engagement; and an assessment of each senior
criminology major’s knowledge level through the
administration of a nationally based criminology achievement
examination.
Prerequisite:
POL 123 and CRM 220
Senior standing in Criminal Justice
Textbook:
American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication
manual of the American Psychological Association (6th
ed.). Washington, DC: Author. ISBN-13: 978-1-4338-0561-5
Learning Outcomes:
Specific objectives are:
1. Criminal justice information gathering and analysis: The
student must demonstrate the ability to use
the library, to network, and to conduct computer-based research
to gather sufficient information to
successfully complete a capstone criminal justice related
project.

2. Project Organization and Presentation: The student must
demonstrate the ability to organize and
present a coherent public administration, community service,
and policy-making initiative. This
outcome connects with the Core Value of Community.
3. Core Curriculum: The student must demonstrate a mastery of
the essential content of the Criminology
core curriculum.
4. Theoretical Integration and Application: The student must
demonstrate the ability to integrate
theoretical knowledge with concrete information and to apply
the strategies that result to the
evaluation and presentation of criminal justice related
initiatives.
Core Value:
Community: Saint Leo University develops hospitable Christi an
learning communities everywhere we serve. We
foster a spirit of belonging, unity, and interdependence based on
mutual trust and respect to create socially
responsible environments that challenge all of us to listen, to
learn, to change, and to serve.
Evaluation:
Grades will be computed on the following basis:
Item Points Each
Points

Total
Percent
Each
Percent
Total
Identification of Research and Investigative
Issues and Questions 100 100 5% 5%
Annotated Bibliography 100 100 10% 10%
Literature Review 100 100 15% 15%
Discussion (8) 100 800 2% 16%
Preliminary Report – Executive Summary 100 100 24% 24%
Formal Presentation 100 100 30% 30%
2
Discussions:
The discussions involve each student responding to a question
or prompt posted by the instructor no later than
Thursday 11:59 PM EST/EDT of each module. Additionally,
each student will respond in a collegial manner to at
least two other classmates’ initial responses no later than
Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT.
Questions:
issues that are relative to your position. Hint: There
are a least a half dozen issues and concerns for each position.

You must articulate why your issue is a concern
and not simply list it without explanation. For example: Do not
simply list “Ticket Quotas”. If you feel this is an
issue, explain why you feel ticket quotas may be problematic
for the city. List those issues very specifically as this
will be the launch pad for your over-all inquiry.
resources, locate at least ten (10) peer reviewed
articles regarding your inquiry. During this assignment you will
have the opportunity to examine what the experts
have researched, studied, and written about in your specific
discipline. There is a plethora of articles related to
civil and criminal law, as well as case law, leadership issues
regarding hiring, promotion, anti-discrimination, civil
unrest, forensic science, DNA analysis, exhumation procedures,
etc. Utilize library resources in addition to
refresh yourself on creating an annotated
bibliography. Your assignment requires 10 annotated
bibliographies relative to your situation report position.
Literature Review:
review that synthesizes what you have learned from
your research. Utilize library resources in addition to
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/ in order
to refresh yourself on creating a literature review. Your
literature review should be 3-4 pages.
summary, you will synopsize what you have determined
and accomplished thus far and what you anticipate discovering
and accomplishing in the future. Remember, the

Governor is counting on you to execute your duties with
precision. Your executive summary should be 4-5 pages.
actions, and remedies during this PowerPoint
presentation. It is vitally important to focus on issues that you
identified and why/how you dealt with those issues.
Your presentation must be professionally presented with
appropriate transitions, animations, video (if utilized),
notes from interviews you may have had with real-life experts,
and highly detailed with specificity. This will be an
in-class presentation and you should have at least 15 slides.
need. You are expected to improvise and create
effects from your inquiry such as recruiting informants,
obtaining subpoenas, executing search warrants, or
partnering with a community civic leader. You may add to the
situational report, i.e.: You identified two officers
who were aware of Throtmorten’s crimes, but you cannot take
out or disregard any facts that are contained within
the report. So, feel free to be very creative in what you discover
from your inquiry!
3
Grading Scale:
The final course grade will be determined by the combined
scores of the above list and will be awarded as
follows:
Grade Score (%)

A 94-100
A- 90-93
B+ 87-89
B 84-86
B- 80-83
C+ 77-79
C 74-76
C- 70-73
D+ 67-69
D 60-66
F 0-59
4
Course Schedule:
Module 1 Current Challenges in Policing
to:
Assignments

Module 2 Research and Leadership in Criminal Justice
to:
situational report.
cal demands.
Assignments
Module 3 APA Formatting and Police Liability
to:
issues.
ept of liability in criminal justice.

EST/EDT
Submit the Research Identification Assignment Sunday 11:59
PM EST/EDT
module
EST/EDT
Submit the Annotated Bibliography Assignment Sunday 11:59
PM EST/EDT
Submit proctor information for the CRM ETS
Major Field Test Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
5
Module 4 The Criminal Justice System: Effective Research and
Investigative Tactics
to:
actics for conducting interviews/interrogations.

Assignments
Module 5 Forensics and Executive Summaries
to:
Describe the components of an executive briefing summary.
Assignments
Module 6 Community Engagement and Transformational
Leadership

to:
Assignments
module
EST/EDT
Submit the Literature Review Assignment Sunday 11:59 PM
EST/EDT
module

EST/EDT
Submit the Executive Briefing Summary
Assignment Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
module
EST/EDT
6
Module 7 Effective Communications and Formal Presentation
Preparation
to:
techniques.
Assignments

Module 8 Professional Presentation and Criminal Justice
Mission
to:
mission.
ps taken within their track/discipline.
Assignments

module
Post a draft of your Formal Presentation to the
discussion board Thursday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
Post questions and comments to at least two
classmates’ Formal Presentations Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT
Complete the CRM ETS Major Field Test Sunday 11:59 PM
EST/EDT
module
EST/EDT
Submit the Formal Presentation Assignment Sunday 11:59 PM
EST/EDT
CRM 499
Term Project/Situational Report
Courtelaney Pass is a mid-sized municipality in the
Southeastern United States. It has a
population of 80,000 residents made up of: 55% white, 38%

black, and 7% Hispanic. The
primary industry is agricultural and industrial with the
unemployment rate at 8.7%. By national
standards the city would be considered “blue collar” with a
median household income of
$38,000. The school system remains troubled as the drop-out
rate is high and, other than the
elementary schools, the middle and high schools have perpetual
“D” ratings. There is a great
deal of “southern pride” evident in this community as
confederate flags are frequently flown and
unfortunately, the fledgling local KKK is attempting to
revitalize itself.
Two out of the five city council members are considered “good
old boys” that are satisfied with
the status quo and are apathetic towards the civil unrest that has
been percolating in the black
community. Within the past twelve months there have been
protests in the black community that
have steadily been growing. Those residents complain that
policing is biased against them and
that unnecessary and excessive force is commonplace;
especially amongst young black males.
Due to recent nationwide events surrounding similar claims, the
national media is paying
particular attention to Courtelaney Pass.
The police department is appropriately sized to police this
jurisdiction. The chief is a 42-year-old
white male who has been with the department for twenty years
working his way up the ranks.
He has no college degree but is working towards it via on-line
classes. The demographics of the
agency do not mirror the community as 94% of the department
is white. The only minorities in

the agency work in non-sworn support roles. The chief claims
that he is attempting to attract
minority applicants but the majority of those interested cannot
pass the entrance exam. He
claims that those who can pass end up going to work for the
state police instead where the
salary is $12,000 per year more.
Questionable Enforcement Tactics?
There are eight major intersections in Courtelaney Pass (CP)
and each is equipped with
intersection cameras. As municipalities that employ such
devices share the revenue from fines
with the manufacturer, the city averages $2.1 million dollars per
year in revenue from these
fines. The constitutionality of this practice is highly debated
and public support is low according
to recent surveys. A local “action group” has filed a lawsuit
against the city in an attempt to
remove these cameras; this lawsuit is pending a court date. A
recent study conducted by a local
CP reporter indicated that per capita, the revenue generated for
the city is twice as high as any
similarly situated city in the state that utilizes these cameras.
The reporter also alluded to the
fact (not substantiated yet) that black residents are twice as
likely as whites to be ticketed for
intersection violations.
Courtelaney Pass is listed by AAA as the “Biggest Speed Trap
in the South” as a major highway
runs north to south through the town. Particularly, the speed
limit reduces from 55 mph to 35
mph in a 50-yard stretch of road and consistently a police
officer is running radar (in a

concealed fashion) at the 35 mph speed sign. The CP reporter
has also written that blacks and
out of town travelers passing through receive 87% of the
speeding tickets. This statement is
backed up by the reporter’s study of statistics from the
Department of Highway Safety and
Motor Vehicles. The reporter has also spoken to former officers
(off the record) who report that
the Chief of Police mandates that each officer issue at least 12
citations per shift. It is common
that most traffic enforcers allow a motorist 10 mph over the
posted limit, but during a recent
interview with the chief he has stated that he has a “zero
tolerance for speed, as it kills” so he
instructs his officers to issue tickets for 5 mph over the limit.
The chief would not comment on
the 12 citation minimum per shift policy.
As Courtelaney Pass has recently seen its violent crime rate
soar by 35%, the chief believes
that this is due to the proliferation of street drugs being sold in
open air, drive up, drug markets.
These “markets” are located on the southern edge of the city
where the majority of the
population is minority. The CP Police Narcotics Unit conducts
regular and aggressive
enforcement actions including crack cocaine search warrants
and reverse sales operations
wherein undercover officers pose as drug sellers and customers
are arrested for purchasing.
During one of these operations, a shooting occurred wherein a
known dealer shot at the
undercover officer who returned fire, killing the dealer. The

ensuing internal affairs investigation
cleared the officer and the day that this report was made public,
rioting erupted in the minority
community. This unrest actually spilled over into the down-
town area requiring the chief of
police to call in re-enforcements from neighboring agencies and
the state police. As a result, 13
businesses were badly damaged, 8 officers injured, and 112
rioters and looters were arrested.
The minority community has warned that if relations do not
immediately improve with the police
that more unrest was certain. After this shooting incident and
subsequent riots, the chief has
suspended all narcotic enforcement actions in the area.
Political Influences
The 5,600 Hispanic residents are counted only as those w ho
responded to the census or were
property owners. It is estimated that an additional 5,000 +
undocumented immigrants also call
Courtelaney Pass home. The majorities of these folks work in
the immense strawberry fields
and orange groves and are paid $5.00 per hour in cash (off the
books). It is very common for
these migrants to be the victims of home invasion robberies on
pay day. Local drug dealers and
MS13 gangsters kick in their doors, take their hard earned cash,
and occasionally even rape
their wives. The CP Police Sergeant that oversees street crimes
reports that these migrants are
easy prey as they will not report these crimes to the police for
fear of being deported. The
sergeant addressed this issue at a city council meeting where no
words of wisdom were offered
to him. At the conclusion of the meeting, in the parking lot, a

white city councilman told the
sergeant “I couldn’t care less what happens to those people….
they don’t vote!!!”
More Revelations
4 years ago, Kayla Williams disappeared from her bedroom.
Kayla, a 9-year-old African
American child was sleeping in her bed in a very small bedroom
with no air-conditioning so, as
typical, her window was open. Her mother found her bed empty
the next morning and frantically
called the police. The responding officer from Courtelaney Pass
Police Department downplayed
the mother’s fears by stating that Kayla probably ran away. The
officer told her to call back if
Kayla did not come home by the next day and left without
documenting the incident. The
horrified mother spoke with her father who told her that the
police would not help them as they
are “the wrong color” and they must help themselves. The
family and friends convened a search
party and two days later found Kayla’s body in a cypress swamp
bordering Lake Diemer. She
was wearing her night shirt, no panties, and there were no
visible signs of trauma or injury.
The police were summoned to the scene and two officers
responded. Upon viewing her body,
which laid on its back almost in a peaceful sleeping position,
the officers notified the forensics
unit and one technician came to the scene. The body was
photographed and the area was

searched for any sign of evidence. Numerous footprints, large
and small, were detected in the
immediate area which was no surprise; the area is a favorite
fishing spot. Most of the footprints
were photographed, but plaster casts were not made. Kayla’s
ripped panties were discovered
on the leaf covered trail that leads to the water’s edge. The
medical examiner responded to the
scene and removed the body. The following day, Det. Singer
attended the autopsy which was to
be performed by Dr. Elmer Clausen, a lifelong resident of CP.
Det. Singer was surprised that the
doctor did not perform a full autopsy wherein the body cavity
was opened and internal organs
examined, nor did he perform a sexual assault examination.
When asked by Det. Singer, the
doctor stated that he had already “surmised” that she had died
as a result of a snake bite,
probably from a water moccasin. He pointed out two small
puncture type wounds on the back
side of Kayla’s right thigh. He promised Singer that toxicology
would support his belief. When
Singer questioned him about the ripped panties, he replied
“That’s your job; there is a scratch
by her upper thigh that looks like a tree branch hit her, it
probably ripped her panties and they
fell off”. When Det. Singer reported this to his Sergeant he was
told that there is no fighting Dr.
Clausen…. historically what he says goes!! Kayla Williams
“official” cause of death was snake
venom poisoning, even though the toxicological results were
still pending, and she was buried
the following week.
The black community was outraged at what it deemed an
insufficient investigation due to the

fact that Kayla, and her family, was poor and black. Det.
Singer, who was relatively new to the
police department and area, was invited to lunch with a reporter
from the Courtelaney Journal.
The reporter told Singer that this was not the first time a young
minority girl had been found
dead under suspicious circumstances in Courtelaney. During the
past seven years, three other
pre-teens, two Hispanic, one black, were discovered “missing”
from their bedrooms and later
their bodies were discovered in wooded areas. Reportedly, none
had obvious signs of trauma
and all were deemed “Death by Non-Homicide” by Dr. Clausen.
Very recently, retired CP police Detective Sid Throtmorten
became terminally ill and called for
his best friend and local plumber Tom Johnson to come to his
bedside. Sid, knowing that he
was hours away from death told Tom that he had to make
something right before he died. He
asked Tom if Tom remember Officer Iozzi who worked for the
agency for ten years before being
fired for gross insubordination. Tom vaguely recalled Iozzi.
Throtmorten told Tom that Iozzi was
attracted to young girls and that he had raped and killed that
“little Kayla girl”. He further advised
that Iozzi, also a former police defensive tactics instructor,
bragged that by utilizing a “carotid
choke hold” he could kill someone without leaving marks on the
victim’s neck. Just before dying,
Throtmorten also reported that other officers, still with the
agency, are aware of what Iozzi did.
After being terminated from the department, Iozzi moved to
Idaho. Tom reported this revelation
to Det. Singer.

One month ago, as a result of continual racial tensions and
allegations of corruption, the Chief
of Police resigned under pressure. Governor Neely has installed
an interim Chief of Police to
heal the community, examine and evaluate policy, practices, and
procedures, and restore the
faith and trust of the people. He also appointed a Special
Prosecutor to examine all things of
legal relevance to the issues in this community. The Special
Prosecutor must evaluate civil and
criminal issues pertaining to the governance of Courtelaney
Pass and utilize his/her legal power
as needed to issue subpoenas, search/arrest warrants, etc. The
Interim Chief of Police has
brought with him/her a special investigator who will hold the
rank of Captain of Investigations.
This individual will evaluate, examine, lead, and investigate all
issues pertaining to criminal acts.
Instructions
After carefully reading and studying this situational report,
contemplate which of these three
roles/tracks you wish to assume for your senior project:
Chief of Police- You have full authority to examine all policies
and practices within the agency.
As such, you can make policy, dispose of bad policy, and
address employment and hiring
concerns. You will be responsible to effectively deal with the
racial unrest and identify its core.
You have the power to hire, fire, demote, and/or promote.

Special Prosecutor- Your role is to examine, evaluate, and act
upon any and all legal issues,
civil and criminal, that may arise from your research and
investigation. This includes hiring
practices, enforcement techniques and strategies, issues relative
to discrimination, excessive
force, and evidence handling issues. You can issue subpoenas,
search and arrest warrants,
wire-tap orders, and any and all other legal tactics available.
You would also serve as the
prosecutor for any arrests made under this inquiry.
Captain of Investigations- Lead, and participate in, all criminal
and forensic investigations and
issues that arise from the situational report. Suspect
identification, location, arrest, forensic
analysis, setting strategies for needed criminal investigations,
and execution of search warrants,
arrest warrants, etc. are some of the typical duties involved.
Deliverables
Questions:
issues that are relative to your
position. Hint: There are a least a half dozen issues and
concerns for each position. You must
articulate why your issue is a concern and not simply list it
without explanation. For example: Do
not simply list “Ticket Quotas”. If you feel this is an issue,
explain why you feel ticket quotas may
be problematic for the city. List those issues very specifically
as this will be the launch pad for
your over-all inquiry. This is due in Module 2.

resources, locate at least ten (10)
peer reviewed articles regarding your inquiry. During this
assignment you will have the
opportunity to examine what the experts have researched,
studied, and written about in your
specific discipline. There is a plethora of articles related to civil
and criminal law, as well as case
law, leadership issues regarding hiring, promotion, anti -
discrimination, civil unrest, forensic
science, DNA analysis, exhumation procedures, etc. Utilize
library resources in addition to
refresh yourself on creating an
annotated bibliography. Your assignment requires 10 annotated
bibliographies relative to your
situation report position. This is due in Module 3.
Literature Review:
review that synthesizes what you
have learned from your research. Utilize library resources in
addition to
refresh yourself on creating a
literature review. Your literature review should be 3-4 pages.
summary, you will synopsize what you
have determined and accomplished thus far and what you
anticipate discovering and

accomplishing in the future. Remember, the Governor is
counting on you to execute your duties
with precision. Your executive summary should be 4-5 pages.
actions, and remedies during this
PowerPoint presentation. It is vitally important to focus on
issues that you identified and
why/how you dealt with those issues. Your presentation must be
professionally presented with
appropriate transitions, animations, video (if utilized), notes
from interviews you may have had
with real-life experts, and highly detailed with specificity. This
will be an in-class presentation
and you should have at least 15 slides. The draft of this is due
in Module 7, the final version is
due in Module 8.
need. You are expected to
improvise and create effects from your inquiry such as
recruiting informants, obtaining
subpoenas, executing search warrants, or partnering with a
community civic leader. You may
add to the situational report, i.e.: You identified two officers
who were aware of Throtmorten’s
crimes, but you cannot take out or disregard any facts that are
contained within the report. So,
feel free to be very creative in what you discover from your
inquiry!

FORMAT FOR ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY1) ArticleBronowski, P., & Ga

FORMAT FOR ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY1) ArticleBronowski, P., & Ga

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