1. .
-
in nouns
-
Modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element (denoting the end of
the noun changes according to the position of the word in the sentence). [
-
non-modification/change reaching the end of nouns because of the change of the active element (denoting the
end of the) word assumes one eternal/unchangeable form. [
In respect to nouns, all are
)
(
(
(
١
]
except the following:
(
(
]
)
)
)
)
/ /

2. .
-
i.e. taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:
i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:
-
-
()
(
)
-
(
)
( )
/ /
/ /
/
/
/
( )
٢
/ /
/
/
/

3. .
(
٣
)
/ /

4. .
-
The
in three areas within
which are not present/clear, but are therefore assumed/hypothetical. [
]
An
where the last letter is an (
), i.e.
:
]
.
[.
:
( )
-
An
where the last letter is a
and the letter before it is
, i.e.
.
]
[.
( )
Note the condition of the
without the
,(
–
):
( )
:
-
٤
/ /

5. .
-
An
where the
of the last letter is the
, and the letter before it is
(
.
)
(
(
(
)
(
(
)
(
٥
/ /

6. .
(
( )
(
(
)
(
(
)
(
(
)
(
(
)
(
)
( )
٦
/ /

7. .
(
(
)
( )
( )
(
(
)
()
(
(
( )
٧
/ /

8. .
(
( )
(
(
)
( )
(
(
(
(
٨
/ /
( )
)

9. .
-
Any
which follows completely the
of what has just preceded it. Of this there are
types:
/
/
/
٩
/ /

10. .
(
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
(
(
١٠
)
/ /
)

11. .
(
)
(
(
)
)
()
(
)
()
(
)
()
(
١١
/ /
)

12. .
( )
( )
١٢
/ /

13. .
-
in verbs.
and
and
are both
then it becomes
.
i.e.
is
/
(from
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
١٣
/ /
unless it has
).
(
)

14. .
( )
( )
(
(
)
)
(
)
(
(
)
)
-
-
١٤
For
i.e. not taking their normal form as dictated by specific rules in Arabic Grammar:
there are ; taking their normal form as dictated by Arabic Grammar:
/ /

15. .
( )
( )
(
)
( )
( )
-
The
(
)
here is not present/clear, but is therefore assumed/hypothetical.
(
( )
١٥
/ /
)

16. .
(
( )
)
(
)
( )
-
following
in
It is being
written
(
In
, the
-
If the
i.e.
١٦
despite the transformation of
is a
)
formats in substitute of the
He is writing
.
It was written
He wrote
)
is always dropped and the
is
/
(
takes it’s place and becomes
to
. This is because
is
with necessary harakah changes.
.
, apply same (harakah changes) rules as above, and simply change the
<
/ /
, to it’s equivalent
,

17. .
(
(
.
)
)
.
(
)
(
١٧
/ /
)

18. .
(
)
(
)
( )
:
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
(
١٨
)
)
/ /

19. .
(
(
)
)
:
(
)
(
)
(
(
(
١٩
)
)
/ /
)

20. .
(
(
(
)
)
)
-
( )
Expresses the place/time the action of the verb is committed.
)
:
/
/
(
(
(
/
/
)
(
(
(
/
)
)
/
(
(
)
(
(
(
/
/
/
/
(
)
)
)
)
)
(
(
)
(
٢٠
/
/
(
(
(
The plural form is
)
/ /
/
)
(

21. .
(
)
( )
(
-
describes the instrument with which the action of the verb is carried out.
(
(
)
(
)
)
(
(
-
)
formed by adding
( )
)
(
)
( )
to a noun. Denotes that a person/thing governed is related/connected with the original
noun. If a noun has ending, this must be dropped before adding
If a noun ends in
(
/
)
(
}
(
٢١
.
–
, this is changed to before ending.
{
)
{
(
)
)
/ /
)
}

22. .
()
(
(
)
)
( )
( )
- either/or. Four conditions of usage. Note, the second
( )
of the pair is always preceded by :
( ) ( )
()
( ) ( )
(
)
( ) ( )
()
( ) ( )
(
)
(
)
( ) ( )
()
( ) ( )
(
٢٢
)
/ /

23. .
( ) ( )
(
)
()
( ) ( )
( )
(
)
- definition indicating a precise noun –
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
(
- in-definition indicates an indefinite noun -
٢٣
/ /
)
(
–
)
)
( )

24. .
(
)
( )
[
=( +
/
)
]
- both (of), the two -
.
/
- That is. Used for
only
/
/
there he is !
here I am !
- starts with an
- constituted by
(
(
٢٤
)
( )
<
.
{
} >{
}
{
/ /
}

25. .
- starts with a
/
- constituted by
.
(
(
(
)
)
/
(
)
)
- derived noun indicating action of verb or it’s behaviour -
– [(he is) writing]
- derived noun indicating element undergoing action of verb -
[written] -
(
(
)
(
)
)
(
{
}
{
}
:
(
:
(
)
( )
( )
(
(
( )
(
)
(
.
٢٥
( )
( )
( )
)
:
)
( )
)
(
(
-
(
/ /

26. .
: .
:
.
–
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
(
)
( )
:
/
*
(
*)
/
(
(
٢٦
)
)
/ /
)

27. .
If you have
in a
, then the st is a
and the nd is a
. If positions change then the
changes:
( )
(
)
- if, whether, when, whenever.
Also used with
embodying a condition. Used mostly with
. It is permissible for the answer to the condition (
must be prefixed by (
{
, transforming in meaning to the future.
) to be
.
) in the following situations:
}
(
(
((
))
(
(defective)
}
{
٢٧
}
/ /
( )
(
( )
{
(
( )
(

28. .
(
will not be
if preceded by
. However, the
)
(
(
)
(
for it will be
.
(
(
(
}
{
)
)
( )
(
(
(
)
–(
)
)
(
)
( )
(
٢٨
(
}
{
The
)
)
/ /
)

29. .
( )
( )
(
(!
)
)
(
/
)
( )
(
)
( )
(
)
( )
.( )
( )
( )
٢٩
/ /
–

30. .
.
not;
- he did not eat; he has not eaten
( )
(
)
( )
(
)
when, at the time when, as –
( )
( )
(
)
.
.
.
(
)
( )
( )
٣٠
/ /
(
)

31. .
.
no! don’t!
- don’t eat!
(
(
)
)
.
(
(
)
(
)
)
(
(
)
)
until, till, up to, as far as, to
(
)
( )
(
so that, in order that, that, in order to, to, as, with a view, for
( )
(
٣١
)
( )
(
)
( )
/ /
)
(
)

32. .
- calling to one who is mourned or to a cause of pain
(...)
- one who is mourned, stricken to death.
(
- to distress, afflict, pain, agonise, torment, make suffer
)
- the cause of pain, the place where disease and
suffering are located.
– pain, ache, suffering, agony, anguish
(...)
(
(
( )
show him your notebook
- to show, present, bring out.
(
.
(
–
)
show me your book
)
.
.
.(
.
)
.(
)
(
.
( )
( )
٣٢
)
/ /
).
).

33. .
- It is permissable to
for the following
conjugations, so long as it is not followed by sukoon ( ):
()
(
)
perhaps, maybe
to hope (for), wish, to look forward to
fear, fright, worry, anxiety, concern, care
( )
( )
<
٣٣
<
.
/ /

34. .
( )
( )
.(
(
).
.(
(
)
)
) ( )
.( )
)
–(
(
)
(
)
) (
)
(
(
)
) (
{
–
)
/
}
) (
)
/
( ) ( )
.
) (
)
–(
(
(
)
(
)
(
)
( )
(
(
(
٣٤
/ /
)
)

35. .
(
(
:
){
( )
}:
(
)
(
(
)
.
(
)
( )
(
)
)
(
( )
(
)
( )
٣٥
/ /
(
)
:(
)
)
.
:
.
)

36. .
.
.
:
( )
.(
.
.
(
)
)
( )
( )
.
:
:
( )
)
( )
.
( )
(
.
:
. .
٣٦
.(
/ /
):
.

37. .
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
٣٧
/ /