About Indian archticture

1. INDIAN TEMPLE
ARCHITECTURE
ACCORDINGTOTHEVARIOUSARCHITECTURAL
TEXTSWRITTEN IN EARLY MEDIEVAL
TIMES,TEMPLEARCHITECTURE CAN BE
BROADLY CLASSIFIEDAS NAGARA, DRAVIDA
ANDVESARA.

2. DIFFERENT STYLES OF
TEMPLE
 NAGARA STYLE IS ASSOCIATED WITHTHE LAND
BETWEENTHE HIMALAYAS ANDVINDHYAS.
 DRAVIDA STYLE WITHTHE LAND BETWEENTHE
KRISHNA AND KAVERI RIVERS.
 VESARA STYLE IS SOMETIMES ASSOCIATED WITH
THE AREA BETWEENTHEVINDHYAS AND THE
KRISHNA RIVER.

3. NAGARA STYLE
 THE NAGARA STYLE HAS ITS
ORIGIN INTHE STRUCTURAL
TEMPLES OFTHE GUPTA
PERIOD.
 DASHAVTARA TEMPLE OF
DEOGARH AND BRICK
TEMPLE OF BHITARGAON
ARE EXAMPLES OFTHIS
STYLE.
 TWO DISTINCT FEATURES OF
THE NAGARA STYLE ARE-
PLANNING AND ELEVATION

4.  THE PLAN IS SQUAREWITH A
NUMBEROF GRADUAL
PROJECTIONS INTHE MIDDLE
OF EACH SIDEWHICH IMPARTS
IT A CRUCIFORM SHAPE.
 THESE PROJECTIONSCAN
OCCURTHROUGHOUT THE
HEIGHT OFTHE STRUCTURE.
 IN ELEVATION IT EXHIBITSA
TOWER (SHIKHARA)
GRADUALLY INCLINING
TOWARDS IN A CONVEX
CURVE.
 THE PROJECTIONS INTHE PLAN
ARE ALSO CARRIED UPWARDS
TOTHETOP OFTHE SHIKHARA
AND IS CALLEDTHE REKHA
SHIKHARA.

5.  THE STRUCTURE CONSISTS OF
TWO BUILDINGS,THE MAIN
SHRINE TALLER AND AN
ADJOINING SHORTER
MANDAPA.
 THE MAIN DIFFERENCE
BETWEENTHESETWO ISTHE
SHAPE OFTHE SHIKHARA.
 INTHE MAIN SHRINE, A BELL
SHAPED STRUCTURE FURTHER
ADDSTOTHE HEIGHT.
 TEMPLES ARE FORMED OF
FOUR CHAMBERS-
GARBHAGRIHA, JAGMOHAN,
NATYAMANDIR AND
BHOGAMANDIR.

6.  ORIGINALLY IN NAGARA
STYLETHERE WERE NO
PILLAR.
 BYTHE EIGHTH CENTURYTHE
NAGARA STYLE EMERGES IN
ITS CHARACTERISTIC FORM.
 THE NAGARA STYLE EXHIBITS
DISTINCTVARIESTIES IN
ELABORATION.
 THIS STYLE IS SEEN FROMTHE
HIMALAYATOTHE NORTH OF
BIJAPUR DISTRICT INTHE
SOUTH,FROMTHE PUNJAB IN
THEWESTTO BENGALTOTHE
EAST.

7.  THEREFORE,THERE
ARE LOCAL
VARIATIONSAND
RAMIFICATIONS IN
THE FORMAL
DEVELOPMENT OF
THE STYLE INTHE
DIFFERENT
REGIONS.
 HOWEVER,THE
CRUCIFORM PLAN
ANDTHE
CURILINEARTOWER
ARE COMMON.

8. DRAVIDIAN STYLE
DRAVIDIANARCHITECTURAL STYLE IS
ASSOCIATED WITHTHETEMPLESOF
SOUTHERN INDIAOR DECCAN.
COMMONCHARACTERSTICS OFTHE
DRAVIDA STYLE ISTHE PYRAMIDAL
ELEVATIONOFTHETOWER (VIMARI
ORVIMANA)
VIMARI CONSISTSOF MULTIPLICATION
OF STOREYAFTER STOREY SLIGHTY
REDUCEDTHAN ONE BELOW,ENDING IN
A DOMICAL MEMBER,TECHNICALLY
KNOWNASTHE STUPI OR STUPICA.
VIMANA IS CROWNED BY A CHAKRA INA
LORDVISHNUTEMPLEANDATRIDENT IN
A LORD SIVATEMPLE.

9.  INTHIS STYLETHERE ARE
MORETHAN 4 SIDES IN
THE SANCTUM
 PILLARS AND PILASTERS
AREVASTLY USED INTHIS
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
 THEY ALSO HAVE
DEDICATED PAVILIONS,
FOR EXAMPLE ,SHIVA
TEMPLES HAVE
DEDICATED MANDAPA
OF NANDI ORVISHNU
TEMPLES HAVE GARUDA
MANDAPA

10.  IN DRAVIDIAN STYLE
TEMPLES,THE SQUARE INNER
SANCTUM IS SETWITHINA
LARGE COVERED ENCLOSURE
AND EXTERNALWALLSWERE
DIVIDED INTO NICHES BY
PLASTERS.
 DRAVIDIANTEMPLES HAVE
BOUNDARYWALLS.
 IN LATER PERIOD, STOREYS IN
VIMANA BECOME MOREAND
MORE COMPRESSED ,
PILLARED HALLSAND
CORRIDORSANDTHE
IMMENSEGOPURAMSWERE
ADDED.
PILLASTERS AND CORRIDOR
PLAN

11. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
NAGARA & DRAVIDIAN
NAGARA STYLE DRAVIDIAN STYLE
 THE PLAN IS SQUARE
WITH A NUMBER OF A
GRADUAL PROJECTIONS
INTHE MIDDLE OF EACH
SIDEWHICH IMPARTS IT A
CRUCIFORM SHAPE.
 INTHE PLANTHETEMPLE
REPRESENTS A SQUARE
CHAMBER AS A SANCTUM
CELL WITHINTHE SQUARE
ENCLOSURE SERVING AS
PRADAKSHINA .
PLAN
SIZE
SOUTHERNTEMPLES ARE MUCH LARGER IN COMPARISION

12.  THE NAGARA STYLE HAVE A
BEEHIVE SHAPEDTOWER
MADE UP OF LAYER UPON
LAYER OF ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS SUCH AS KAPOTAS
AND GAVAKSAS, ALLTOPPED
BY A LARGE ROUNDCUSHION-
LIKE ELEMENTCALLEDAN
AMALAKA
 DRAVIDA OR SOUTHERN
STYLE HAS A PYRAMID
SHAPEDTOWER CONSISTING
OF PROGRESSIVELY SMALLER
STOREYSOF SMALL
PAVILIONS,A NARROW
THROAT, AND A DOME ONTHE
TOP CALLEDA SHIKHARA
SHIKHARA SHAPE
GOPURAM
 DRAVIDIANTEMPLE
ARCHITECTURE USUALLY HAS A
RAJA GOPURAM (BIGGEST
TOWER)ATTHE MAIN GATE AND
A SMALLTOWER FORTHE
SANCTUM SANCTORUM
 SOUTH INDIANTEMPLE
GOPURAMSARE EXTREMELY
INTRICATE FILLEDWITH STATUES