dictionary in science second grading earth and space

1. EARTHQUAKE
(Also known asa quake, tremor or temblor) isthe shaking of the surface of the
Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that
createsseismic waves.
FAULT
Fault, in geology, a planar or gently curved fracturein the rocks of the Earth's
crust, wherecompressionalor tensional forces causerelative displacement of
the rocks on the opposite sides of the fracture.... Faults may be vertical,
horizontal, or inclined at any angle.
EPICENTER
The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface vertically above the
hypocenter (or focus), point in the crust where a seismic rupture
begins.
SEISMOGRAPH
A seismograph is an instrument scientists use to measure the strength of an
earthquake.
MANTLE
Is the partof the earth between the core and the crust is the MANTLE.
The mantle is made up of magma and rock.
ACTIVE FAULT
An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another
earthquake sometime in the future.
TRENCH
Trenchesare steep depressionsin the deepest partsof the ocean [where old
ocean crustfrom one tectonic plate is pushed beneath another plate, raising
mountains, causing earthquakes, and forming volcanoeson the seafloor and on
land.
SEISMIC WAVE
A seismic wave is a wave that travels through the Earth, most often as the result
of a tectonic earthquake, sometimesfrom an explosion. ... Surface wavesare
analogousto water wavesand travel just under the Earth's surface.

2. MAGNITUDE
The magnitude is a number that characterizes the relative size of an
earthquake. Magnitude is based on measurement of the maximum motion
recorded by a seismograph.
FOCUS
The location where the earthquake begins. The ground ruptures
at this spot, then seismic wavesradiate outward in all directions.
CRUST
A crust is the outermostlayer of a planet. The crust of the Earth is
composed of a greatvariety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
rocks. The crust is underlain by the mantle.
CORE
Is the innermostpartof the earth, comprised of a) the inner core, at
the center of the earth, made of iron; and b) the outer core, which
surroundsthe inner core, made of iron and magma.
TYPHOON
The definition of a typhoon isa tropical cyclone with windsfaster than 74
miles per hour thatoccursin the North Atlantic Ocean, the Northeast
Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, the South Pacific east of 160Eand the
NorthwestPacific Ocean west of the date line.
NORMAL FAULT
A normalfaultis a faultin which the hanging wallmoves down
relative to the footwall.
REVERSE FAULT
Reverse faults occur where two blocksof rock are forced together
by compression.
STRIKE-SLIP FAULT
A fault in which rock strata are displaced mainly in a horizontal
direction, parallelto the line of the fault.
TROPICAL DEPRESSION
A tropicaldepression formswhen a low pressure area is
accompanied by thunderstormsthatproduce a circular wind flow
with maximum sustained winds below 39 mph.

3. TROPICAL CYCLONE
Tropicalcyclone, also called typhoon or hurricane, an intense circular storm
that originatesover warm tropicaloceansand is characterized by low
atmospheric pressure, high winds, and heavy rain.
HURRICANE
A hurricane isa large rotating storm with high speed windsthat
formsover warm watersin tropicalareas.
WEATHER
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the
degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or
cloudy. ... Weather refersto day-to-day temperature and precipitation
activity, whereasclimate is the term for the averaging of atmospheric
conditionsover longer periodsof time.
WATER VAPOR
Water vapor, water vapour or aqueous vapor isthe gaseous
phase of water. Itis one state of water within the hydrosphere.
COMET
A celestial objectthat orbitsthe Sun along an elongated path.
A comet thatis not near the Sun consists only of a nucleus-a solid
core of frozen water, frozengases, and dust.
ASTEROID
An asteroid is a large, irregularly shaped objectin space thatorbits our Sun.
If one of these giantrocksends up on a collision course with Earth, we are
in for big trouble. An asteroid is like a comet. However, while comets are
mostly made of ice, asteroids are made up of rock or even metal.
METEORITE
A meteorite is a solid piece of debrisfrom an object, such as a comet,
asteroid, or meteoroid that originates in outer space and survives its
passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon.
CRATER
A crater is a bowl-shaped depression, or hollowed-outarea,
produced by the impactof a meteorite, volcanic activity, or an
explosion. Impact Craters.

4. SOLAR SYSTEM
A solar system is defined as a centralsun with its
associated planets, asteroids, meteors, satellites (i.e., moons), and
comets that are "captured" in its orbit.
PLANETOIDS
Planetoidsare small celestial bodiesthat orbitthe Sun. Planets are simply
defined as asteroids, but the term asteroid is not well defined either. ... Some
of the largest planetoidsare sphericaland look like tiny versionsof planets.
METEOR SHOWER
Meteor showersoccur when the Earth passes through this
trail of debrisduring its yearly orbitaround the sun.
ATMOSPHERE
Atmosphere refersto the gases surrounding a star or planetary body
held in place by gravity. ... The composition of the Earth's atmosphere is
about78 percentnitrogen, 21 percentoxygen, 0.9 percentargon, with
water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases.
ALTITUDE
Altitude is the heightof anything above given a planetary
reference plane. In astronomy the angular distance of a heavenly
body above the horizon.
AURORA
Aurora isa radiantemission from the upper atmosphere thatoccurs
intermittently over the middle and high altitudes of both hemispheres.
They appear in the form of luminous bands, streamers, or the like. This is
caused by the constantbombardmentof the atmosphere by charged
particles attracted by earth’smagnetic lines.
CELESTIAL POLE
Celestial pole are two points in which the extended axis of the earth
cuts the celestial sphere and aboutwhich the stars seem to revolve.

6. TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by earthquakesor undersea
volcanic eruptions. ... Out in the depthsof the
ocean, tsunamiwaves do not dramatically increase in height.
MAGMA
Magma is molten rock found below the earth'ssurface. The
temperature atwhich a rock melts is affected by its
composition, pressure and water.
LAVA
Lava is molten rock generated by geothermalenergy and expelled
through fracturesin planetary crustor in an eruption, usually at
temperaturesfrom 700 to 1,200 °C (1,292 to 2,192 °F).
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
A volcanic eruption occurswhen magma is released from
a volcano. Volcanic eruptions can be quite calm and effusive,
or they can be explosive.
FRICTION
Water is often considered to be a lubricant, so the idea of friction within
a river is not alwaysobviousto new geographers. When two touching
items move pasteach other there will be friction. ... At the water
surface there is friction generated by air moving acrossthe water.
INTENSITY
The intensity is a number (written as a Roman numeral)
describing the severity of an earthquake in terms of its effects
on the earth's surface and on humansand their structures.
LATITUDE
Latitude is a geographic coordinate thatspecifiesthe north–
south position of a pointon the Earth'ssurface. Latitude is
an angle (defined below) which rangesfrom 0°atthe
Equator to 90° (North or South) atthe poles.
TEMPERATURE
Temperature isthe degree of hotnessor coldnessof the
atmosphere on some chosen scale. Temperature is a very
importantfactor in determining the weather, because it
influencesother elements of the weather.

7. TSUNAMI
TYPHOON
VOLCANIC ERUPTION
WATER VAPOR
WEATHER
AIR PRESSURE
That pressure is called atmospheric pressure, or air pressure. Itis
the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it
to Earth. Atmospheric pressure is commonly measured with a
barometer. In a barometer, a column of mercury in a glass tube
rises or falls as the weightof the atmosphere changes.
AMPLITUDE
A quake magnitude is determined by measuring the amplitude of
the largest wave recorded on the seismogram. The larger
the amplitude, the greater is the displacementof the recording pen
and the greater the earthquake. ... Arrivalof wavesrelates to
velocity with which they are transmitted through the earth's crust.

8. ACTIVE FAULTS AIR PRESSURE ALTITUDE
AMPLITUDE
ASTEROIDS
ATMOSPHERE
AURORA
CELESTIAL POLE
COMET
CORE
CRATER CRUST

9. EPICENTER FAULT FOCUS
FRICTION HURRICANE INTENSITY
LATITUDE LAVA MANTLE
MAGMA MAGNITUDE METEORITE

10. SEISMIC WAVES SEISMOGRAPH
SOLAR SYSTEM STRIKE SLIP FAULT TEMPERATURE
TRENCH TROPICAL CYCLONE TROPICAL DEPRESSION
METEOR SHOWER NORMAL FAULT PLANETOIDS
REVERSE FAULT

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DICTIONARY

13. IN
SCIENCE
SUBMITTED BY: JOHNVIC E. DELAROSA
SUBMITTED TO: MRS. CELNA JOY B.MIRANDA
GRADE 8 SAMPAGUITA