This document discusses alcoholism and drug abuse. It defines drug abuse as abnormal or non-conforming behavior related to consuming chemical substances. Commonly abused substances include alcohol, opioids, cannabis, cocaine, and nicotine. Alcoholism is classified as a chronic behavioral disorder involving repeated excessive alcohol consumption. The stages of alcoholism progress from morning drinking to cope with dullness, to extreme behaviors like inability to walk or remain conscious. Abuse can stem from biological, psychological, and social causes, and leads to health and social problems. Treatment involves de-addiction centers and therapies, while prevention focuses on counseling, support systems, and reducing substance availability.

1. ALCHOHOLISM – DRUG ABUSE

2. • The term Drug or Substance refers to any chemical
substance.
• The term abuse refers to any abnormal behaviour or a
non-conforming behaviour.
• DEFINITION : Drug is defined as any substance that
when taken into the living organism may modify one or
more of its functions. ------- WHO
•
• Alcoholism is a chronic behavioural
disorder manifested by repeated drinks of alcoholic
beverage in excess of the dietary and social uses of the
community.-------- Mark Keller.

3. • Drug Use : 1. Make life relaxed.
2. Reduce friction
3.Used for treatment purpose.
• COMMONLY USED SUBSTANCES : Alcohol, Opioids, Cannabis,
Cocaine, Nicotine, LSD, ....
• AGE which commonly use drugs ------- 16 years to 60 years

4. STAGES OF ALCHOHOLISM
1. Morning Drink - To overcome the dullness
2. Escape drinking ---- To avoid facing realities of life
3. Desire to increase the dosage --- to maintain the sedation level.
4.Drinking in social functions ---- partying.
5. Extreme behaviour
1. Sub-clinical stage ---- Consuming alcohol in moderate quantity
2. Stimulation ------- loss of self-control and consciousness
3.Confusion stage ------ walking becomes difficult
4. Stupor stage ----------- Cannot stand or sit.
5. Coma ------------------ completely unconscious, breathing
becomes difficult
COMMON
STAGES
CLINICAL
STAGES

5. CAUSES
1. Family history of substance use disorder
2. Personality disorders
3. Co-morbid medical disorders.
4. Withdrawal effects.
5. Biochemical factors.
1. Curiosity to know what drug is.
2. Poor stress management
3. Childhood trauma
4. Early use of alcohol
5. Escape from reality
6. Adventure seeking
7. Low self-esteem.
1. Drinking in social parties.
2. Companionship and friendship.
3.Imitating behaviour, media influence
4. Occupational factors ----- to relive tiredness of work.
5.Poor family support. Broken families
6. Unemployment and rapid urbanisation
7. Easy availability of drugs
8. Fashion, business reasons
BIOLOGICAL
PSYCHOLOGICAL
SOCIAL

6. HEALTH PROBLEMS
PHYSICAL
EFFECTS
SOCIAL EFFECTS
1.Cirrhosis of liver
2. Gastritis
3.Injuries--- Mostly head injuries
4. Tremors
5. Suicide
1. Accidents
2. Divorce
3. Marital – sexual problems
4. Criminal behaviour
5. Financial problems
6. Social dis-hormony

7. Control , Eradication and Treatment
• TREATMENT : 1. Early detection of addicts.
2. Admit in De-addiction centres, day care centres and
after care centres
3. Slowly overcome addiction through therapies.
CONTROL : 1. Effective individual and family counselling
2. Providing assistance for a dignified living.
3. Social support to overcome the difficulties
ERADICATION: 1. Strict law regarding the use of drug, alcohol.
2. Reducing the number of shops, reducing the timing
the shops, increasing the holidays for liquor shops.
3. No liquor shops near schools, temples , bus stand etc.

8. CLINICAL TREATMENT
PRIMARY
PREVENTION
SECONDARY
PREVENTION
TERTIARY
PREVENTION
1. Healthy family life and healthy parent-child
relationship.
2. Assisting the individual to solve the problems with
the help of family and friends
3. Avoiding bad companionship and counselling for
teenagers to avoid drugs
1. Closely monitor the changes in the behaviour of
individual.
2. Early detection and treatment through de-
addiction centres.
3. Effective therapies to over come physical
disabilities.
1. Proper rehabilitation.
2. Involvement of family, friends and relatives
in treatment and rehabilitation

9. REHABILITATION
REHABILITATION :
1. after de-addiction ---- Finding a decent employment for a
dignified living
2.Providing vocational training , financial assistance with low
intrest rate for self employment.
3. Family should show love, care, affection and trust him.
4. Encouraging the children to have a healthy relationship with
parents
5. Educate him to avoid unwanted companions and friends.
6. Engage him in healthier recreational activities.

10. SOCIAL PROBLEMS
PERSONAL DIORGANISATION
FAMILY
DISORGANISATION
SOCIAL
DISORGANISATION
1. Relationship in the family get strained
2. Neglecting family , business and
occupation
3. Commit crimes
4. Telling lies
1. Lack of love and affection between
family members.
2. Poor or no sexual relationship
3. Children will become delinquent
4. Divorce
1. Clubs and bars lead to gambling , and
prostitution
2. Encourage over drinking in bars.
3. Increase in the number of crimes like
theft , robbery and murder