fdghtrjvvbcdfzh vcbvsghttbvcvxcsdfrghtngfbvsdvbgnnhgndvbhvjifhuidhbvuuhlknbvhjbfxhlvnljlksbhulidknvlnchlxch.nj.ncjo;jvoihuisjlkjjlkjhv;ijlkvncvjnkjlh kjn jkljnjklmoijbuilhdgoiiovviso9isdujfiiuhihuigifdlhuifdhgriyjdupuivhkansfWastewater Treatment Process: Definition, Procedure & Steps
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Wastewater treatment is the procedure used for the purpose of removing contaminants from wastewater. It further involves the process of converting water into an effluent that can be recycled into the water cycle. Once returned to the water cycle, the effluent is in an acceptable environmental impact or is reused for a variety of purposes.
Wastewater treatment procedure involves the process of treating wastewater appropriately. There are different ways to treat wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant. The treatment plant for domestic wastewater is referred to as a sewage treatment plant. The industrial wastewater treatment process takes place either in a separate industrial wastewater treatment plant or in a sewage treatment plant. Agricultural wastewater treatment plants and leachate treatment plants are two other types of wastewater treatment plants. To know more about the wastewater treatment plant process, read the article below.
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Wastewater Treatment: Details
A wastewater treatment plant is a facility that treats wastewater, making it considerably cleaner and safer to be released into water bodies. A wastewater treatment plant is a place where wastewater from homes and other buildings is collected and processed. WWTP is an abbreviation for Waste-Water Treatment Plant. A wastewater treatment plant is also referred to as a sewage treatment plant. A modern wastewater treatment plant treats wastewater or sewage through a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes until it becomes fit to be discharged into the environment.
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Wastewater Treatment: Process
Treatment of wastewater involves physical, chemical, and biological processes, which remove physical, chemical and biological matter that contaminates the wastewater. The sewage treatment plant treats all of the collected sewage water. Before wastewater is discharged into water reservoirs, it goes through the following processes.
Wastewater Treatment: Design / Diagram
Wastewater Treatment Plant Design / Diagram
I. Screening
The wastewater that enters the sewage treatment plant is first filtered through bar screens, a process known as screening. The bar screen separates large trash objects from the wastewater, such ab
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Samikshya Patel.pptx
1. CENTURION UNIVERSITY OF
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
TOPIC - URINARY BLADDER CANCER
Submitted by – Submitted to – DR. Subharaj Panda
Name – Samikshya Patel
Regd.No – 221704400012
Branch - BMRT
2. CONTENT -
Introduction
Definition
Classification
Management
Chemo therapy
Use and effect of radiation
Surgical management
3. DEFINITION:-
Bladder cancer is a disease in which the
cell lining the urinary bladder loose the
ability to regulate their growth , results in
a mass of cells that form a tumour.
The bladder cancer is most common
which accounts for more than 14,000
deaths in US.
Bladder cancer is where a growth of
abnormal tissue is known as a tumour,
develops in the lining of the bladder.
In some cases the tumour spreads in to
surrounding muscles.
4. CLASSIFICATION:-
Non muscle invasive bladder cancer- this is the most common type of bladder cancer
in which the cancerous cells are contained inside of the bladder.
Muscle invasive bladder cancer-in this the cancerous cells spread beyond the lining
into the surrounding muscle of the bladder.
TNM classification – it consist of stages according to tumour, nodes and metastasis.
5.
6. MANAGEMENT :-
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
• Chemotherapy- chemotherapy can be used alone or in combination with surgery or radiotherapy .
it can be in two forms.
1. General Chemotherapy –
• It involves putting chemotherapy medications directly in to the bladder for several hours at a
time.
1. General chemotherapy –
• It involves circulation of medication throughout the body.
• CHEMO DRUG IN BLADDER CANCER –
1. Cardoplatin 5-Fu
2. Combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, dexorubicin , cisplastin
8. RADIOTHERAPY
• The use of high-energy radiation from x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, protons, and
other sources to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
• Radiation therapy, also called radiation oncology, radiotherapy, or therapeutic
radiology, the use of ionizing radiation (high-energy radiation that displaces
electrons from atoms and molecules) to destroy cancer cells.
• Overall, there are five basic steps of radiation therapy that we can share to give
patients an idea of what to expect.
• These steps include initial consultation, simulation, treatment planning, treatment
delivery and post treatment follow-up
9. TYPES OF RADIOTHERAPY –
EXTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY
• Radiation given directly at the cancer cell in the bladder may be prior to surgery or after
surgery to shrink the size of the tumor.
INTERNAL RADIOTHERAPY
• This is done by inserting radiation implants in to the bladder.
BCG THERAPY ( Bascillus calmette guerin) is used to treat bladder cancer because it
stimulates immune response that can destroy cancer cells within the bladder.
10. • Side effects of radiation depend on the dose given and the area being treated. They tend to be worse when
chemo is given along with radiation. They can include:-
1.
1. Skin changes in areas getting radiation, ranging from redness to blistering and peeling
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Bladder symptoms, like burning or pain when you urinate, feeling the need to go often, or blood in your
urine
4. Diarrhea
5. Blood in stool and/or urine
6. Tiredness (fatigue)
7. Low blood counts, which can lead to fatigue, easy bruising or bleeding, or increased risk of infection
POSSIBLE SIDE-EFFECTS OF RADIATION THERAPY -
11. PREVENTION:-
• Quit smoking
• Limit exposure to certain Chemicals in
the workplace.
• Drink plenty of water.
• Srick to a balanced and healthy diet.