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Step by Step
About Step by Step
We’re going to get specific.
“down and dirty”. Explain why
we do it.
That can be and most likely will
be tedious for a QB
They would just love to “pick up
the ball and toss it around”
As coaches we need to break
down each element of the QB
position, not for our sake, but
for our QB’s sake. We want to
teach him these elements at
practice because during game
we want him to be able to
CORRECT HIMSELF.
That’s our goal as coaches. The
results can be amazing.
Center – QB Exchange
• QB’s feet - shoulder width
apart – no unnecessary weight
shifts
• Knees bent comfortably and
hips sunk comfortably to allow
QB can get his hands under
center. Fingertips should be able
to brush knees.
• Back Straight
• Feet can be in a slight stagger
with foot opposite throwing
hand staggered slightly. Feet
should be slightly “pigeon toed”
–weight distribution, pivoting,
prevents false steps, minimizes
center stepping on the QBs foot.
• Stand as tall as the center
allows
• Arms and shoulders bent
slightly
• Eyes looking downfield and side
to side –Wide vision
Stance
Slight
Stagger
WideVision – Eyes
downfield
45 deg.
45 deg.
Back straight
through hips
• Throwing hand on top and
parallel to the ground
• Fingers spread and strong –
not tense
• Fingers placed against
Center’s butt – index finger
on “brown spot”
• Knuckles of top hand must
apply pressure – let the
center know you are there.
Use bottom hand to press up
against top – eliminates
potential for separation.
• Hand extends under center
up to the heel of the hand
Center-QB Exchange
Hands –Top hand
Note the top hand position
Center-QB Exchange
•QB hands together at the palms
• Non-throwing hand below and
at about right angle to the
throwing hand with thumbs set so
the knuckle of the top hand is in
the crease between the knuckle
and base of the bottom hand’s
thumb – “offset position” – QB
gets center of the ball in his
throwing hand.
• Center should snap the ball
straight upwards at a 45 degree
angle to the top hand of the QB.
The center will have to rotate the
ball so that the laces are on the
fingers of the QB’s throwing hand.
Have your young center reach up
and shake hands with QB’s top
hand. That is exactly where he
will snap the ball to.
Hands (continued)
Hands
• QB slightly “rides” the
center – arms move
slightly forward. This is
accomplished by
dropping the hips slightly
downward at the snap.
Hands close on the ball
when the ball hits his top
hand
• Once received the
bottom hand closes and
the ball is immediately
raised (“seated”) to the
stomach level of theQB
on the first step. QB’s
elbows remain tight to his
body.
Center-QB Exchange
Hands (continued)
Note ball position – QB has
closed his hands
• If this is a handoff it
is perfectly
acceptable to seat
the ball on the QB’s
midsection.
• However, if it is a
pass the ball should
be brought to a
position 3” away the
chest plate on the
second step with the
points of the ball
facing up to the sky
and down to the
ground
Center-QB Exchange
Hands (continued)
Ball seated in the
midsection for handoff
Handoff
• Pivot can be direct or reverse
– this is up to the coaches
discretion.
•Tell your QBs, “Let your eyes
control your feet”. QB must get
his head around to see the
back, set the first step, and
finally adjust his steps to the
backs.
• It isABSOLUTELY theQB’s
responsibility to insure the ball
is in the backs “pocket”. The
QB is the “dealer”. Look the
ball into the pocket!
• Keep the ball close to your
body until you are ready to
make the handoff
•Get as much depth as possible
Great Focus
– eyes lead
feet
Both hands
secure ball
Pad level low
Handoff (continued)
• Drill handoffs S-L-O-W-L-Y…
step by step until the back and
QB are meshing properly.
• Exchange comes with the same
foot as the “give” hand –so on
plays to the right it’s the left foot
and both hands. On plays to the
left it’s the right foot and both
hands.
•This gives maximum reach and
balance
• Once the ball is in the “basket”
and as the RB begins to cradle
the ball the QB removes his hand
closest to the RB. Then he
removes his front hand. Don’t
lock the elbow of the give hand.
•Open shoulder to the back…
“open the gate”
• CARRY OUTALL FAKESAFTER
THE HANDOFF
Play to the left
– right foot
Note the hands after the handoff – Left hand at midsection with right hand extended –
advanced follow though to set up a fake play action or boot to the right
Open shoulder –
“open the gate”
Hand to the hip
flexor- sets up
play action
Fake Handoff
• Everything must look
exactly the same as a
handoff – speed, steps,
depth
• Keys are eyes and
shoulder position.
• Eyes: must look the ball
into the basket just as if it
were a handoff
• Shoulders must dip as if
the ball will really be
handed off
• Ball should be placed in
the backs basket but pulled
out before hitting the
back’s stomach
Focus
same
as run
Both
hands
secure
ball
Fake Handoff (cont.)
• Back should close on
the ball and maintain
both hands and arms as
If he had the ball
continuing at full speed
to the line of scrimmage
• We teach tempo on the
fake handoff: Fast to
the back, slowly
through the fake to sell
it, fast to proper passing
depth and position
• This fast, slow, fast
momentum is worth
taking time to instruct
and youth QB’s find this
concept somewhat
difficult.
Note the pad levels of
theQB and RB as the
RB closes in on the
fake.
Front/give hand remains extended, ball brought back to right hip flexor (play action). Three
points of contact: hands, wrist, hip flexor. On Boot to left ball goes to left hip flexor (vise
versa on boot to right).
Toss
• QB seats ball after the
exchange
• Reserve pivot - Toss right,
the right foot becomes the
pivot foot, vice versa to
left.
• On toss to right QB moves
left foot directly about 200
degrees of the QB’s
starting position under
Center, vice versa to left.
• It is better that the QB
open his hips too far than
not enough
Open
hips
Toss (cont.)
• Head and eyes lock onto
target first, body will follow
• Pivot on play side foot (for
right toss, right foot). Pull
opposite leg directly
through – not swung.
• Prior to release the
football should be at the
upper right thigh (toss
right), knees bent, both
elbow extended down.
• Toss ball so that RB can
catch it in stride. Aiming
point is outside shoulder of
the back. Follow one step
toward RB. Carry out boot
fake.
Pitch
• Pitchout looks like a one hand
basketball pass
• Ball is seated at chest plate
and gripped just like a pass
• Step toward running back,
extend hand toward target,
follow through and finish with
thumb down
• Continue to run toward back
for a step or two. Do not stop
short.
• Expect hit – be athletic Pitch looks like a
one hand
basketball pass
Goal:Coach High Performance Mechanics
Deliver the ball to the receiver with consistency and accuracy
•What does a QB need to do to accomplish that:
1. Accuracy depends upon spin/rotation of the ball – tight spiral
2. Accuracy depends on forward momentum - speed of the ball going toward the receiver
3. Accuracy depends upon using aerodynamics – tip of the ball elevated at the release point
Next we will examine the key techniques/concepts to develop a successful QB
1. Pre-pass: Grip & Wrist Cock
2. Pass: Accelerate (Drive &Turn) - Elevate - Extend
TheGrip - Finger Side
• Fore finger is placed about one inch from the top of the ball with
the “line” of the first knuckle aligned on the seam of the ball. The
forefinger is the last to leave the ball and this placement allows the
forefinger to “flex” at the first knuckle departing extra spin to the
ball.
• PREFERENCES: Middle finger resting on the top of the laces. For
players with smaller hands the middle finger can move back toward
the rear tip of the ball. The ring finger is placed across the laces
comfortably. If the pinkie finger reaches the laces it should be
placed in between the laces. There is a tendency of some to place
the pinkie finger on or across a lace… this may under stress cause a
slight downward pull on the ball affective the flight of the ball
• Football should be held with fingertips with a secure grip – not
overly tight
TheGrip -Thumb Side
•The most important aspect of the grip is that the thumb and second finger of the
throwing hand are an equal distance from the top of the football creating a natural
pocket between the palm and the ball – if you could stick a pin through the ball
beginning in the nail of your middle finger the pin should penetrate the ball and come
out the nail of your thumb.
•This will guarantee that you will have 1) air between the ball and the palm of your
hand and 2) the ball will be nose up at the 90 degree release point.
TheGrip -Wrist
• The wrist position imparts strength to the finger tip and grip. This gives greater
control to the release of the ball.
• Do NOT allow a wrist “curl” it weakens the grip on the ball and forces the nose of the
ball down. When “curling” the wrist the tendons are “cut” off and finger pressure is
greatly reduced.
• Do employ a wrist “cock”. To demonstrate this to your QB hold your arm out
straight and kick the leading edge of the ball away from you so it sits at about a 45
degree angle from your hand. You will see a slight crease in the skin near your wrist.
• A proper wrist cock will actually increase the distance the hand turns at the release
of the ball. This imparts greater spin to the ball.
Passing
Pass essentials:
1. Tip of ball elevated
2. Wrist Cocked
3. Palm Pocket
4. Throwing elbow leads
All these conditions must be in
place prior to reaching the 90
degree zero/neutral point in
order to have any chance of
making a consistent and
accurate pass.
To do this the QB must master
three body elements:
1. Thumb on ball – pre-pass
2. Wrist cock – pre-pass
3. Elbow
Pre-Pass Position –
During Drop & Settle
• Ball is at breast bone about 3-
4 inches away
• Points of the ball are pointed
skyward and to the ground
(approximately)
• Elbows comfortable at your
side
• Shoulder of non-throwing arm
pointed toward target
• Head up eyes downfield
• QB on the balls of his feet,
knees slightly bent – athletic
stance.
• Feet are about shoulder width
apart
NoticeGrip
Initiation Point –Wrist
Cock
• Ball PUSHED back to rear
shoulder by non throwing
hand – “Initiation point”
• Elbow of the throwing arm
is up and away from the
body – this also assist in a
proper wrist cock
• Wrist cocked – bottom tip
of the ball kicked out at 45
degree angle
• These moves are all done
PRE-PASS
45
degrees
Throwing Motion –
PushTechnique
• Shoulder about parallel to the
ground. Lead shoulder pointed
toward receiver.
• Feet begin initially shoulder
width apart. QB on the balls of his
feet.
• PUSH – PULLTechnique: Push
the point to the “initiation point”.
The throwing elbow is away from
the body, the wrist is cocked.
•Hip rotate (coil) slightly – at this
point the ball should be at ear
level
.
Elbow above shoulder
level
Throwing Motion
DRIVE -TURN - ELEVATE
• Short stride with lead foot –
like a boxer throwing a jab. Land
on the balls of your feet, never
the heel. Use the “hinge” to gain
momentum.The “hinge” is the
movement of the front foot
towards the back and then into
the jab step.
•This step initiates the throwing
motion and happens just prior to
and triggers the core turning.
• DRIVE off the back leg through
the front leg onto the front foot!!
• Step just off and ahead of the
target so that your belt buckle is
right on the target at finish.
Belt buckle
pointed to
receiver
Left Arm
pulls through
• Fire the abs – TURN
vigorously toward target.
• Non-throwing arm and
upper body now pulls
through as you lead with
the elbow of your non-
throwing arm – tell the
kids to break glass with
their non-throwing elbow.
• As the non-throwing
elbow fires the coaching
point is to have your QB
focus on getting the
elbow of the throwing arm
ELEVATED. Forget the
ball.
• This happens in one fluid
motion
High elbow position places throwing arm in neutral slot – no stress
on the shoulder, and increased accuracy on the pass
Non-throwing elbow is bent through
the full range of the motion
Throwing Motion
DRIVE -TURN – ELEVATE
(cont.)
Throwing Motion
(cont.)
• Elbow of throwing arm snaps
downward vigorously leading the
throw. Imagine having a
horizontal piece of glass in the
front and the throwing elbow will
smash through the glass
•The throwing hand wrist is
snapped downward/pronated so
that the thumb and index finger
finish pointing down and the
pinkie finger pointing up – like a
basketball bounce pass. Fingers
should “roll” off the ball.
• FOLLOWTHROUGH: throwing
hand at inside opposite pocket.
Throwing shoulder comes
through and ends up pointing at
the target. Back foot comes
through like the QB is going to get
the ball from the receiver
Elbow “breaks
glass”
• As mentioned earlier the
throwing elbow must be above
the shoulder – otherwise it is
impossible for the elbow to “lead”
the wrist into the throw.
 Get elbow to Neutral/Zero
position - similar position to
doing a triceps extension with
a weight.
 This is about 45 degrees up,
out, and forward of the
shoulder line.
 At this position there is no
strain on the shoulder joint.
 This insures we are in the
proper position to deliver the
ball.
This motion occurs after the torso
turns .
Throwing Motion
Elevate-Collapse-Extend
Notion of Elevate
Elbow above shoulder
level
Throwing Motion
Elevate-Collapse-Extend
Notion of Collapse
Fold the arm
• By increasing the angle of
the hand in relation to the
shoulder plain you load the
tricep and build up muscle
strength/energy.
• This stored energy is what
we want to release as we
deliver the ball.
• Collapse of the arm after
the torso turn
• Proper arm collapse will
have the ball gliding by the
ear on the throw.
“throwing the ball from the
ear”.
Tricep extension powers the ball
Angle where the arm was at initial collapse
Torso has turned
Throwing Motion
Elevate-Collapse-Extend
Notion of Extend
Fire theTricep
• All the motion of the body
is released through the
tricep
• High shoulder position
allows the tricep to
EXTEND imparting energy
and forward momentum to
the ball
• We cannot fire the tricep
unless we get the shoulder
to the zero position
• When the tricep fires it
“carries” the wrist to the
target . Elbow leads wrist
through throw.
Tricep extension powers the ball
Finish position:
• Upright
• Should be able to see
the palm of the
throwing hand. If you
see the side or back of
the hand it means the
QB “slashed” across the
ball.
• Non throwing arm ends
up behind the QB
• Back foot “ideally”
(depends on pressure)
comes through and
towards target
Throwing Motion
Finishing
Throwing Motion –
SelfCorrection
Coaching Points
Two major potential issues:
1. Elbow
2. Wrist
Elbow:
• Dropping below the
shoulder causes the wrist to
cup and the QB to “slash”
across the ball resulting in
passes consistently below
the shoulder level of the
receiver.
Wrist:
• Firing too early results in
consistent ball wobble –
reduced spin on the ball
Summary: The Elements of High Performance Mechanics
Accelerate -Elevate-Extend
Accelerate off the Push – Drive &Turn
1. Short jab step – land on ball of front foot – initiates the ”firing” sequence of the
throwing motion
2. Drive off of back leg through front leg
3. Vigorously turn abs/core towards target – belt buckle on target – POWER PLANT
Elevate onTurn – Elbow over shoulder
1. Get to Zero/Neutral position with wrist properly cocked
Extend on Release – Load up triceps
1. Elbow leads wrist through throw
2. Triceps extend before wrist is fired
Three Step Drop
• QB must drop on “midline” to
gain maximum depth and
eliminate lateral drift
• First Step: separation step –
QB should strive to gain as
much depth as possible – as
much as his legs and athletic
ability will allow
• QB should get his head
downfield immediately – chin
snaps to non throwing shoulder
• Second Step – Crossover step
– sets up last step keep bulk of
weight on front leg as you take
third step
•Third Step – Settling step – on
the ball of your foot - stay
within the framework of your
body
Plant on third
step and throw
Great grip Shoulder pointed
toward target
Short jab
step
Three Step Drop
(cont.)
• No hitch steps allowed, QB
must hit third step, settle,
hinge, take his 6 inch jab step,
and throw
• Should expect 3.5 -4 yards of
depth from younger QBs. This
depth should be increased for
older youth players to 4.5 -5
yards.
• Should get to pre-pass
position in about 1.7-1.9 sec.
• Should deliver ball in about
2.4 -2.6 seconds
• NO ONE OPEN – RUN
• Always try to escape pass rush
up into pocket and not out
around
Ball carried at breast bone while dropping back
Five Step Drop
• QB must drop on “midline” to
gain maximum depth and
eliminate lateral drift
• FirstThree Step: depth steps –
Separation/Crossover/Crossover.
QB should strive to gain as much
depth as possible – as much as his
legs and athletic ability will allow
• QB should get his head
downfield immediately – chin
snaps to non throwing shoulder
• Fourth Step – sets up last step
keep bulk of weight on front leg
as you take fifth step
• Fifth Step – on the ball of your
foot - stay within the framework
of your body
•Settle/shuffle Step up in direction
of the target – deliver the ball
Great grip Shoulder pointed
toward target
Short jab
step
Throwing on the Run
• For Play action –
everything has got to look
like run. Let your eyes lead
your feet, dip your
shoulders at the mesh
point, place ball in RB’s
basket and remove – SELL
IT.
• Ball must go to a position
3-4 inch from the QB breast
plate, while keeping both
hands on the ball, swing
shoulders/arms to maintain
speed and balance
Run downhill towards
receiver
Throwing on the Run
(cont.)
• Gain depth – 6.5 - 7 yards
from line of scrimmage
• Turn hips and run downhill
toward receiver
• Chop your steps down
while bringing your chest
up – straighten up.
• Righty QB throw off right
foot
• After pass continue to
follow through by running
towards receiver as if to get
the ball back from him
• Strive to groove proper muscle memory by the progressive teaching of the
passing mechanics using the drills (to follow)
• Each movement leads into the next to form one smooth, seamless, and
repeatable delivery of the football to the target
• Strive to teach self correction – it will be your greatest ally on the football
field.
Muscle Memory Development
Quick Hands
1) Squeeze ball drill (quick drop and regrip)
2) Behind the back (basketball drill)
3) Figure 8 (through the legs)
4) Figure 8 10 yard walk forward and back
5) Between the legs drop and catch
 Side Straddle over Line
 Each QB lines up at yardage
marker
 Starting with both feet together
 Jump back and forth over line
 Repeat 20 times
 Then on right foot only
 Jump back and forth over line
 Then on left foot only
 Jump back and forth over line
 10 reps each for single foot
 Alternate Foot Shuffle/Dancer
 EachQB lines up at yardage marker
 Starting on left foot hop over line
landing on right foot
 Fire two quick steps (left then right)
 Then quickly while standing on your
right foot hop over line to your left foot
 Fire two quick steps (right then left)
 Repeat for a count of 20 reps
2
3
1
4
5
6 7
 Box Straddle
 Each QB lines up at
yardage marker
 Starting with both feet
together hop in the form
of a box
 Repeat 20 times
 Then hop on right foot
only for 20 reps
 Then left foot only for 20
reps
The first several drills will take a pair of QBs and have
them face each other from some distance apart.
They are not in a normal pass position but rather set such
that they are looking directly at each other with their
shoulders parallel to each other
 One Knee facing receiver
 Dominant knee down
 Lift ball up from ground as if
taking a snap to Pre-pass position.
Cock wrist.
 Push ball to ear maintain contact
on ball with both hands focusing
on trunk torque – “show a little
back number”
 Make the pass focusing on driving
(Pull) non throwing elbow past
ribs
 Make sure the throwing elbow is
at shoulder level or slightly higher
on pass
 Freeze on finish with throwing
hand to inside opposite leg,
thumb pointing to ground, and off
hand behind. Focus on pinpoint
accuracy
 High Release facing
receiver
 Dominant knee down
 Pick ball up from ground with
fingertips of throwing hand
only.Cock wrist while placing
the ball on the ground.
 Extend ball straight overhead
 Throw with arm straight
 Finish with thumb to crotch,
and off hand behind
 Focus on high release and
vertical accuracy; bisect center
of body of target
 Sitting facing receiver
 Sitting down
 Ball at pre-pass position. Push
to initiation point. Wrist cocked
 Push ball focusing on trunk
torque – “show a little back
number”
 Throw straight overhead
focusing on driving non
throwing elbow past ribs
 Finish with throwing hand to
inside thigh of opposite leg,
thumb down, and off hand
behind
 Focus on vertical accuracy;
bisect center of body of target
 Standing, Feet Parallel
facing receiver
 Push ball to initiation point with
non throwing hand. Cock wrist.
 Torso twist
 Elevate throwing shoulder
 Throw straight overhead focusing
on driving non-throwing elbow
past ribs and driving throwing
elbow down
 Freeze on finish throwing hand to
inside opposite leg, thumb down,
and off hand behind
 Focus on pinpoint accuracy
 EXTEND DRILL:
Standing, Feet Parallel
facing receiver
 No torso turn.
 Elevate throwing shoulder – wrist
cocked.
 Have receiver point to one eye,
switch eye with each repetition
 Throw straight overhead focusing
on driving the wrist directly at the
target (eye). Freeze wrist in space
after it is pronated.
 Elbow stays in neutral position –
do not drive elbow to target
 Focus on pinpoint accuracy
 VERTICAL EXTEND
DRILL: Standing, Feet
Parallel
 Each QB can do this drill alone
 Tilt head back throw ball above
head
 Focusing on driving the wrist
through the ball. Fire tricep first
then wrist.
 We want the ball to come down at
our face – too far in front or
behind we fired the wrist too
soon.
 EXTEND DRILL - Last 6
Inches: Standing, Feet
Parallel facing receiver
 No torso turn.
 Elevate throwing shoulder – wrist
cocked.
 Extend arm to nearly full
extension – tricep nearly extended
 Wrist will be inside elbow set at 45
degrees – this is important. We
need the hand to be able to rotate
up and into the ball.
 Fire and pronate wrist to target
 Focus on the timing between
tricep and wrist – tricep has fired,
wrist is next
 EXTEND DRILL – Drop
Extend: Standing, Feet
Parallel facing receiver
 Start same as the Last 6 Inches
drill
 Drop hand back on to the shoulder
line ball by ear.
 Throw ball with high release
 Focus on the timing between
tricep and wrist – tricep has fired,
wrist is next
 Goal is to tie together the sense of
extending the wrist past the
elbow with the extension of the
tricep. Build acceleration with the
tricep then fire the wrist.
 EXTEND DRILL – Under
the Chin: Standing, Feet
Parallel facing receiver
 No torso turn.
 Place ball directly under the chin
(not touching) Wrist lined up
directly over the elbow (like free
throw)
 Extend tricep, then fire wrist. Gain
elevation with arm. Hit receiver in
forehead – only acceptable target:
hand turns much better at height
 Be patient let the wrist get out
before the elbow before firing the
wrist. Feel the fore finger and
middle finger leave the ball
together. Wobbly ball means
wrist fired to soon.
 Standing, Opposite Foot
Forward facing receiver
 Heel to toe stagger facing receiver
 Push ball to initiation point. Cock
wrist. Focus on trunk torque –
“show a little back number”
 Throw straight overhead focusing
on driving non-throwing elbow
past ribs
 Freeze on finish throwing hand to
inside opposite leg, thumb down,
and off hand behind
 Focus on pinpoint accuracy
 Bounce toThrow
 Start with feet parallel facing the receiver
 Ball in pre-pass position
 Jump/Bounce to normal passing position
 Push ball to “initiation point”. Cock wrist.
 Continue to push ball to ear focusing on
trunk torque – “show a little back
number”
 Jap Step
 Throw straight overhead focusing on
driving non-throwing elbow past ribs
 Freeze on finish throwing hand to
opposite pocket, thumb down, follow
through with back leg
 Focus on pinpoint accuracy
 RapidToss
 2 QBs line up 10 yards apart
 #1 with balls jogs at #2 as he
backpedals, and throws to the
chin
 They then switch and #2 runs at
#1
 Catch, gather, and release ball
as quickly as possible
 5-10 reps each
 3 Step Drop and Plant
 1st step is kick step (reading)
 2nd step is cross over under control - lead
with heel, get weight under control
 3rd step is plant directly under rear
shoulder - landing on toes gives a
quicker weight transfer for a quicker
release
 Throwing left or right - Plant with rear
foot angled about 45 degrees left or
right depending on which direction
throwing ball
 During the drop the QB should hold ball
in center of chest and rock naturally
from arm pit to arm pit.
 Do not separate front hand from ball too
early (before your weight is properly
directed off the drive of your legs).
Doing so will create accuracy issues
kick
3.5 - 4
yards
Three Step Drop & Pass
Try to use lines on the field
•QBs facing each other 7-10 yards apart straddling a yard
line one of the QB’s will start the drill with a ball.
•Simulate snap by taking ball in non-passing hand and
“snapping” the ball to passing hand
•Ball to Pre-pass position
•Take three step drop
•Deliver pass no hitch steps
•Add throw to right/left – back foot position
Coach: watch to make sure QB finishes with back
foot on line – no drifting. Make sure they deliver the
ball as soon as they hit the third step no false steps.
Z Drop Drill 3 and/or 5 Step
Try to use lines on the field
.
3/5 step drop
3/5 step drop
Sprint
Sprint
• Set up cones at depth
to accommodate your
QB (4 -4.5 for 3 step, 5-
5.5 for 5 step)
• Take 3 or 5 step drop
• Settle on last step
• Sprint diagonally to
opposite cone
• Take 3 or 5 step drop
• Settle on last step
• Sprint diagonally to
opposite cone.
Coach/QB
Relationship
• Mutual trust –especially
with younger players
• Good communications.
Clear explanations – clear
expectations.
• Technique corrections:
1. one or two issues at a
time at most
2. Only at practice – no
technique corrections
at a game
3. Don’t confuse the QB –
that’s on the coach
“Focus and Extend” – game
suggestion to QB.
“A Quarterback is like a tea bag, you don’t know
what you have until you put it in hot water”
…Sam Rutigliano
Coach/QB
Relationship (cont.)
What should coaches look
for:
• Athlete – but this is not
as important as
intangibles
• Self discipline – puts in
the time
• Confident in himself and
his teammates
• Pride
• Mental toughness
• Leader
• Focus while having FUN

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Training Your Quarterback

  • 2. About Step by Step We’re going to get specific. “down and dirty”. Explain why we do it. That can be and most likely will be tedious for a QB They would just love to “pick up the ball and toss it around” As coaches we need to break down each element of the QB position, not for our sake, but for our QB’s sake. We want to teach him these elements at practice because during game we want him to be able to CORRECT HIMSELF. That’s our goal as coaches. The results can be amazing.
  • 3. Center – QB Exchange • QB’s feet - shoulder width apart – no unnecessary weight shifts • Knees bent comfortably and hips sunk comfortably to allow QB can get his hands under center. Fingertips should be able to brush knees. • Back Straight • Feet can be in a slight stagger with foot opposite throwing hand staggered slightly. Feet should be slightly “pigeon toed” –weight distribution, pivoting, prevents false steps, minimizes center stepping on the QBs foot. • Stand as tall as the center allows • Arms and shoulders bent slightly • Eyes looking downfield and side to side –Wide vision Stance Slight Stagger WideVision – Eyes downfield 45 deg. 45 deg. Back straight through hips
  • 4. • Throwing hand on top and parallel to the ground • Fingers spread and strong – not tense • Fingers placed against Center’s butt – index finger on “brown spot” • Knuckles of top hand must apply pressure – let the center know you are there. Use bottom hand to press up against top – eliminates potential for separation. • Hand extends under center up to the heel of the hand Center-QB Exchange Hands –Top hand Note the top hand position
  • 5. Center-QB Exchange •QB hands together at the palms • Non-throwing hand below and at about right angle to the throwing hand with thumbs set so the knuckle of the top hand is in the crease between the knuckle and base of the bottom hand’s thumb – “offset position” – QB gets center of the ball in his throwing hand. • Center should snap the ball straight upwards at a 45 degree angle to the top hand of the QB. The center will have to rotate the ball so that the laces are on the fingers of the QB’s throwing hand. Have your young center reach up and shake hands with QB’s top hand. That is exactly where he will snap the ball to. Hands (continued) Hands
  • 6. • QB slightly “rides” the center – arms move slightly forward. This is accomplished by dropping the hips slightly downward at the snap. Hands close on the ball when the ball hits his top hand • Once received the bottom hand closes and the ball is immediately raised (“seated”) to the stomach level of theQB on the first step. QB’s elbows remain tight to his body. Center-QB Exchange Hands (continued) Note ball position – QB has closed his hands
  • 7. • If this is a handoff it is perfectly acceptable to seat the ball on the QB’s midsection. • However, if it is a pass the ball should be brought to a position 3” away the chest plate on the second step with the points of the ball facing up to the sky and down to the ground Center-QB Exchange Hands (continued) Ball seated in the midsection for handoff
  • 8. Handoff • Pivot can be direct or reverse – this is up to the coaches discretion. •Tell your QBs, “Let your eyes control your feet”. QB must get his head around to see the back, set the first step, and finally adjust his steps to the backs. • It isABSOLUTELY theQB’s responsibility to insure the ball is in the backs “pocket”. The QB is the “dealer”. Look the ball into the pocket! • Keep the ball close to your body until you are ready to make the handoff •Get as much depth as possible Great Focus – eyes lead feet Both hands secure ball Pad level low
  • 9. Handoff (continued) • Drill handoffs S-L-O-W-L-Y… step by step until the back and QB are meshing properly. • Exchange comes with the same foot as the “give” hand –so on plays to the right it’s the left foot and both hands. On plays to the left it’s the right foot and both hands. •This gives maximum reach and balance • Once the ball is in the “basket” and as the RB begins to cradle the ball the QB removes his hand closest to the RB. Then he removes his front hand. Don’t lock the elbow of the give hand. •Open shoulder to the back… “open the gate” • CARRY OUTALL FAKESAFTER THE HANDOFF Play to the left – right foot Note the hands after the handoff – Left hand at midsection with right hand extended – advanced follow though to set up a fake play action or boot to the right Open shoulder – “open the gate” Hand to the hip flexor- sets up play action
  • 10. Fake Handoff • Everything must look exactly the same as a handoff – speed, steps, depth • Keys are eyes and shoulder position. • Eyes: must look the ball into the basket just as if it were a handoff • Shoulders must dip as if the ball will really be handed off • Ball should be placed in the backs basket but pulled out before hitting the back’s stomach Focus same as run Both hands secure ball
  • 11. Fake Handoff (cont.) • Back should close on the ball and maintain both hands and arms as If he had the ball continuing at full speed to the line of scrimmage • We teach tempo on the fake handoff: Fast to the back, slowly through the fake to sell it, fast to proper passing depth and position • This fast, slow, fast momentum is worth taking time to instruct and youth QB’s find this concept somewhat difficult. Note the pad levels of theQB and RB as the RB closes in on the fake. Front/give hand remains extended, ball brought back to right hip flexor (play action). Three points of contact: hands, wrist, hip flexor. On Boot to left ball goes to left hip flexor (vise versa on boot to right).
  • 12. Toss • QB seats ball after the exchange • Reserve pivot - Toss right, the right foot becomes the pivot foot, vice versa to left. • On toss to right QB moves left foot directly about 200 degrees of the QB’s starting position under Center, vice versa to left. • It is better that the QB open his hips too far than not enough Open hips
  • 13. Toss (cont.) • Head and eyes lock onto target first, body will follow • Pivot on play side foot (for right toss, right foot). Pull opposite leg directly through – not swung. • Prior to release the football should be at the upper right thigh (toss right), knees bent, both elbow extended down. • Toss ball so that RB can catch it in stride. Aiming point is outside shoulder of the back. Follow one step toward RB. Carry out boot fake.
  • 14. Pitch • Pitchout looks like a one hand basketball pass • Ball is seated at chest plate and gripped just like a pass • Step toward running back, extend hand toward target, follow through and finish with thumb down • Continue to run toward back for a step or two. Do not stop short. • Expect hit – be athletic Pitch looks like a one hand basketball pass
  • 15. Goal:Coach High Performance Mechanics Deliver the ball to the receiver with consistency and accuracy •What does a QB need to do to accomplish that: 1. Accuracy depends upon spin/rotation of the ball – tight spiral 2. Accuracy depends on forward momentum - speed of the ball going toward the receiver 3. Accuracy depends upon using aerodynamics – tip of the ball elevated at the release point Next we will examine the key techniques/concepts to develop a successful QB 1. Pre-pass: Grip & Wrist Cock 2. Pass: Accelerate (Drive &Turn) - Elevate - Extend
  • 16. TheGrip - Finger Side • Fore finger is placed about one inch from the top of the ball with the “line” of the first knuckle aligned on the seam of the ball. The forefinger is the last to leave the ball and this placement allows the forefinger to “flex” at the first knuckle departing extra spin to the ball. • PREFERENCES: Middle finger resting on the top of the laces. For players with smaller hands the middle finger can move back toward the rear tip of the ball. The ring finger is placed across the laces comfortably. If the pinkie finger reaches the laces it should be placed in between the laces. There is a tendency of some to place the pinkie finger on or across a lace… this may under stress cause a slight downward pull on the ball affective the flight of the ball • Football should be held with fingertips with a secure grip – not overly tight
  • 17. TheGrip -Thumb Side •The most important aspect of the grip is that the thumb and second finger of the throwing hand are an equal distance from the top of the football creating a natural pocket between the palm and the ball – if you could stick a pin through the ball beginning in the nail of your middle finger the pin should penetrate the ball and come out the nail of your thumb. •This will guarantee that you will have 1) air between the ball and the palm of your hand and 2) the ball will be nose up at the 90 degree release point.
  • 18. TheGrip -Wrist • The wrist position imparts strength to the finger tip and grip. This gives greater control to the release of the ball. • Do NOT allow a wrist “curl” it weakens the grip on the ball and forces the nose of the ball down. When “curling” the wrist the tendons are “cut” off and finger pressure is greatly reduced. • Do employ a wrist “cock”. To demonstrate this to your QB hold your arm out straight and kick the leading edge of the ball away from you so it sits at about a 45 degree angle from your hand. You will see a slight crease in the skin near your wrist. • A proper wrist cock will actually increase the distance the hand turns at the release of the ball. This imparts greater spin to the ball.
  • 19. Passing Pass essentials: 1. Tip of ball elevated 2. Wrist Cocked 3. Palm Pocket 4. Throwing elbow leads All these conditions must be in place prior to reaching the 90 degree zero/neutral point in order to have any chance of making a consistent and accurate pass. To do this the QB must master three body elements: 1. Thumb on ball – pre-pass 2. Wrist cock – pre-pass 3. Elbow
  • 20. Pre-Pass Position – During Drop & Settle • Ball is at breast bone about 3- 4 inches away • Points of the ball are pointed skyward and to the ground (approximately) • Elbows comfortable at your side • Shoulder of non-throwing arm pointed toward target • Head up eyes downfield • QB on the balls of his feet, knees slightly bent – athletic stance. • Feet are about shoulder width apart NoticeGrip
  • 21. Initiation Point –Wrist Cock • Ball PUSHED back to rear shoulder by non throwing hand – “Initiation point” • Elbow of the throwing arm is up and away from the body – this also assist in a proper wrist cock • Wrist cocked – bottom tip of the ball kicked out at 45 degree angle • These moves are all done PRE-PASS 45 degrees
  • 22. Throwing Motion – PushTechnique • Shoulder about parallel to the ground. Lead shoulder pointed toward receiver. • Feet begin initially shoulder width apart. QB on the balls of his feet. • PUSH – PULLTechnique: Push the point to the “initiation point”. The throwing elbow is away from the body, the wrist is cocked. •Hip rotate (coil) slightly – at this point the ball should be at ear level . Elbow above shoulder level
  • 23. Throwing Motion DRIVE -TURN - ELEVATE • Short stride with lead foot – like a boxer throwing a jab. Land on the balls of your feet, never the heel. Use the “hinge” to gain momentum.The “hinge” is the movement of the front foot towards the back and then into the jab step. •This step initiates the throwing motion and happens just prior to and triggers the core turning. • DRIVE off the back leg through the front leg onto the front foot!! • Step just off and ahead of the target so that your belt buckle is right on the target at finish. Belt buckle pointed to receiver Left Arm pulls through
  • 24. • Fire the abs – TURN vigorously toward target. • Non-throwing arm and upper body now pulls through as you lead with the elbow of your non- throwing arm – tell the kids to break glass with their non-throwing elbow. • As the non-throwing elbow fires the coaching point is to have your QB focus on getting the elbow of the throwing arm ELEVATED. Forget the ball. • This happens in one fluid motion High elbow position places throwing arm in neutral slot – no stress on the shoulder, and increased accuracy on the pass Non-throwing elbow is bent through the full range of the motion Throwing Motion DRIVE -TURN – ELEVATE (cont.)
  • 25. Throwing Motion (cont.) • Elbow of throwing arm snaps downward vigorously leading the throw. Imagine having a horizontal piece of glass in the front and the throwing elbow will smash through the glass •The throwing hand wrist is snapped downward/pronated so that the thumb and index finger finish pointing down and the pinkie finger pointing up – like a basketball bounce pass. Fingers should “roll” off the ball. • FOLLOWTHROUGH: throwing hand at inside opposite pocket. Throwing shoulder comes through and ends up pointing at the target. Back foot comes through like the QB is going to get the ball from the receiver Elbow “breaks glass”
  • 26. • As mentioned earlier the throwing elbow must be above the shoulder – otherwise it is impossible for the elbow to “lead” the wrist into the throw.  Get elbow to Neutral/Zero position - similar position to doing a triceps extension with a weight.  This is about 45 degrees up, out, and forward of the shoulder line.  At this position there is no strain on the shoulder joint.  This insures we are in the proper position to deliver the ball. This motion occurs after the torso turns . Throwing Motion Elevate-Collapse-Extend Notion of Elevate Elbow above shoulder level
  • 27. Throwing Motion Elevate-Collapse-Extend Notion of Collapse Fold the arm • By increasing the angle of the hand in relation to the shoulder plain you load the tricep and build up muscle strength/energy. • This stored energy is what we want to release as we deliver the ball. • Collapse of the arm after the torso turn • Proper arm collapse will have the ball gliding by the ear on the throw. “throwing the ball from the ear”. Tricep extension powers the ball Angle where the arm was at initial collapse Torso has turned
  • 28. Throwing Motion Elevate-Collapse-Extend Notion of Extend Fire theTricep • All the motion of the body is released through the tricep • High shoulder position allows the tricep to EXTEND imparting energy and forward momentum to the ball • We cannot fire the tricep unless we get the shoulder to the zero position • When the tricep fires it “carries” the wrist to the target . Elbow leads wrist through throw. Tricep extension powers the ball
  • 29. Finish position: • Upright • Should be able to see the palm of the throwing hand. If you see the side or back of the hand it means the QB “slashed” across the ball. • Non throwing arm ends up behind the QB • Back foot “ideally” (depends on pressure) comes through and towards target Throwing Motion Finishing
  • 30. Throwing Motion – SelfCorrection Coaching Points Two major potential issues: 1. Elbow 2. Wrist Elbow: • Dropping below the shoulder causes the wrist to cup and the QB to “slash” across the ball resulting in passes consistently below the shoulder level of the receiver. Wrist: • Firing too early results in consistent ball wobble – reduced spin on the ball
  • 31. Summary: The Elements of High Performance Mechanics Accelerate -Elevate-Extend Accelerate off the Push – Drive &Turn 1. Short jab step – land on ball of front foot – initiates the ”firing” sequence of the throwing motion 2. Drive off of back leg through front leg 3. Vigorously turn abs/core towards target – belt buckle on target – POWER PLANT Elevate onTurn – Elbow over shoulder 1. Get to Zero/Neutral position with wrist properly cocked Extend on Release – Load up triceps 1. Elbow leads wrist through throw 2. Triceps extend before wrist is fired
  • 32. Three Step Drop • QB must drop on “midline” to gain maximum depth and eliminate lateral drift • First Step: separation step – QB should strive to gain as much depth as possible – as much as his legs and athletic ability will allow • QB should get his head downfield immediately – chin snaps to non throwing shoulder • Second Step – Crossover step – sets up last step keep bulk of weight on front leg as you take third step •Third Step – Settling step – on the ball of your foot - stay within the framework of your body Plant on third step and throw Great grip Shoulder pointed toward target Short jab step
  • 33. Three Step Drop (cont.) • No hitch steps allowed, QB must hit third step, settle, hinge, take his 6 inch jab step, and throw • Should expect 3.5 -4 yards of depth from younger QBs. This depth should be increased for older youth players to 4.5 -5 yards. • Should get to pre-pass position in about 1.7-1.9 sec. • Should deliver ball in about 2.4 -2.6 seconds • NO ONE OPEN – RUN • Always try to escape pass rush up into pocket and not out around Ball carried at breast bone while dropping back
  • 34. Five Step Drop • QB must drop on “midline” to gain maximum depth and eliminate lateral drift • FirstThree Step: depth steps – Separation/Crossover/Crossover. QB should strive to gain as much depth as possible – as much as his legs and athletic ability will allow • QB should get his head downfield immediately – chin snaps to non throwing shoulder • Fourth Step – sets up last step keep bulk of weight on front leg as you take fifth step • Fifth Step – on the ball of your foot - stay within the framework of your body •Settle/shuffle Step up in direction of the target – deliver the ball Great grip Shoulder pointed toward target Short jab step
  • 35. Throwing on the Run • For Play action – everything has got to look like run. Let your eyes lead your feet, dip your shoulders at the mesh point, place ball in RB’s basket and remove – SELL IT. • Ball must go to a position 3-4 inch from the QB breast plate, while keeping both hands on the ball, swing shoulders/arms to maintain speed and balance Run downhill towards receiver
  • 36. Throwing on the Run (cont.) • Gain depth – 6.5 - 7 yards from line of scrimmage • Turn hips and run downhill toward receiver • Chop your steps down while bringing your chest up – straighten up. • Righty QB throw off right foot • After pass continue to follow through by running towards receiver as if to get the ball back from him
  • 37. • Strive to groove proper muscle memory by the progressive teaching of the passing mechanics using the drills (to follow) • Each movement leads into the next to form one smooth, seamless, and repeatable delivery of the football to the target • Strive to teach self correction – it will be your greatest ally on the football field. Muscle Memory Development
  • 38. Quick Hands 1) Squeeze ball drill (quick drop and regrip) 2) Behind the back (basketball drill) 3) Figure 8 (through the legs) 4) Figure 8 10 yard walk forward and back 5) Between the legs drop and catch
  • 39.  Side Straddle over Line  Each QB lines up at yardage marker  Starting with both feet together  Jump back and forth over line  Repeat 20 times  Then on right foot only  Jump back and forth over line  Then on left foot only  Jump back and forth over line  10 reps each for single foot
  • 40.  Alternate Foot Shuffle/Dancer  EachQB lines up at yardage marker  Starting on left foot hop over line landing on right foot  Fire two quick steps (left then right)  Then quickly while standing on your right foot hop over line to your left foot  Fire two quick steps (right then left)  Repeat for a count of 20 reps 2 3 1 4 5 6 7
  • 41.  Box Straddle  Each QB lines up at yardage marker  Starting with both feet together hop in the form of a box  Repeat 20 times  Then hop on right foot only for 20 reps  Then left foot only for 20 reps
  • 42. The first several drills will take a pair of QBs and have them face each other from some distance apart. They are not in a normal pass position but rather set such that they are looking directly at each other with their shoulders parallel to each other
  • 43.  One Knee facing receiver  Dominant knee down  Lift ball up from ground as if taking a snap to Pre-pass position. Cock wrist.  Push ball to ear maintain contact on ball with both hands focusing on trunk torque – “show a little back number”  Make the pass focusing on driving (Pull) non throwing elbow past ribs  Make sure the throwing elbow is at shoulder level or slightly higher on pass  Freeze on finish with throwing hand to inside opposite leg, thumb pointing to ground, and off hand behind. Focus on pinpoint accuracy
  • 44.  High Release facing receiver  Dominant knee down  Pick ball up from ground with fingertips of throwing hand only.Cock wrist while placing the ball on the ground.  Extend ball straight overhead  Throw with arm straight  Finish with thumb to crotch, and off hand behind  Focus on high release and vertical accuracy; bisect center of body of target
  • 45.  Sitting facing receiver  Sitting down  Ball at pre-pass position. Push to initiation point. Wrist cocked  Push ball focusing on trunk torque – “show a little back number”  Throw straight overhead focusing on driving non throwing elbow past ribs  Finish with throwing hand to inside thigh of opposite leg, thumb down, and off hand behind  Focus on vertical accuracy; bisect center of body of target
  • 46.  Standing, Feet Parallel facing receiver  Push ball to initiation point with non throwing hand. Cock wrist.  Torso twist  Elevate throwing shoulder  Throw straight overhead focusing on driving non-throwing elbow past ribs and driving throwing elbow down  Freeze on finish throwing hand to inside opposite leg, thumb down, and off hand behind  Focus on pinpoint accuracy
  • 47.  EXTEND DRILL: Standing, Feet Parallel facing receiver  No torso turn.  Elevate throwing shoulder – wrist cocked.  Have receiver point to one eye, switch eye with each repetition  Throw straight overhead focusing on driving the wrist directly at the target (eye). Freeze wrist in space after it is pronated.  Elbow stays in neutral position – do not drive elbow to target  Focus on pinpoint accuracy
  • 48.  VERTICAL EXTEND DRILL: Standing, Feet Parallel  Each QB can do this drill alone  Tilt head back throw ball above head  Focusing on driving the wrist through the ball. Fire tricep first then wrist.  We want the ball to come down at our face – too far in front or behind we fired the wrist too soon.
  • 49.  EXTEND DRILL - Last 6 Inches: Standing, Feet Parallel facing receiver  No torso turn.  Elevate throwing shoulder – wrist cocked.  Extend arm to nearly full extension – tricep nearly extended  Wrist will be inside elbow set at 45 degrees – this is important. We need the hand to be able to rotate up and into the ball.  Fire and pronate wrist to target  Focus on the timing between tricep and wrist – tricep has fired, wrist is next
  • 50.  EXTEND DRILL – Drop Extend: Standing, Feet Parallel facing receiver  Start same as the Last 6 Inches drill  Drop hand back on to the shoulder line ball by ear.  Throw ball with high release  Focus on the timing between tricep and wrist – tricep has fired, wrist is next  Goal is to tie together the sense of extending the wrist past the elbow with the extension of the tricep. Build acceleration with the tricep then fire the wrist.
  • 51.  EXTEND DRILL – Under the Chin: Standing, Feet Parallel facing receiver  No torso turn.  Place ball directly under the chin (not touching) Wrist lined up directly over the elbow (like free throw)  Extend tricep, then fire wrist. Gain elevation with arm. Hit receiver in forehead – only acceptable target: hand turns much better at height  Be patient let the wrist get out before the elbow before firing the wrist. Feel the fore finger and middle finger leave the ball together. Wobbly ball means wrist fired to soon.
  • 52.  Standing, Opposite Foot Forward facing receiver  Heel to toe stagger facing receiver  Push ball to initiation point. Cock wrist. Focus on trunk torque – “show a little back number”  Throw straight overhead focusing on driving non-throwing elbow past ribs  Freeze on finish throwing hand to inside opposite leg, thumb down, and off hand behind  Focus on pinpoint accuracy
  • 53.  Bounce toThrow  Start with feet parallel facing the receiver  Ball in pre-pass position  Jump/Bounce to normal passing position  Push ball to “initiation point”. Cock wrist.  Continue to push ball to ear focusing on trunk torque – “show a little back number”  Jap Step  Throw straight overhead focusing on driving non-throwing elbow past ribs  Freeze on finish throwing hand to opposite pocket, thumb down, follow through with back leg  Focus on pinpoint accuracy
  • 54.  RapidToss  2 QBs line up 10 yards apart  #1 with balls jogs at #2 as he backpedals, and throws to the chin  They then switch and #2 runs at #1  Catch, gather, and release ball as quickly as possible  5-10 reps each
  • 55.  3 Step Drop and Plant  1st step is kick step (reading)  2nd step is cross over under control - lead with heel, get weight under control  3rd step is plant directly under rear shoulder - landing on toes gives a quicker weight transfer for a quicker release  Throwing left or right - Plant with rear foot angled about 45 degrees left or right depending on which direction throwing ball  During the drop the QB should hold ball in center of chest and rock naturally from arm pit to arm pit.  Do not separate front hand from ball too early (before your weight is properly directed off the drive of your legs). Doing so will create accuracy issues kick 3.5 - 4 yards
  • 56. Three Step Drop & Pass Try to use lines on the field •QBs facing each other 7-10 yards apart straddling a yard line one of the QB’s will start the drill with a ball. •Simulate snap by taking ball in non-passing hand and “snapping” the ball to passing hand •Ball to Pre-pass position •Take three step drop •Deliver pass no hitch steps •Add throw to right/left – back foot position Coach: watch to make sure QB finishes with back foot on line – no drifting. Make sure they deliver the ball as soon as they hit the third step no false steps.
  • 57. Z Drop Drill 3 and/or 5 Step Try to use lines on the field . 3/5 step drop 3/5 step drop Sprint Sprint • Set up cones at depth to accommodate your QB (4 -4.5 for 3 step, 5- 5.5 for 5 step) • Take 3 or 5 step drop • Settle on last step • Sprint diagonally to opposite cone • Take 3 or 5 step drop • Settle on last step • Sprint diagonally to opposite cone.
  • 58. Coach/QB Relationship • Mutual trust –especially with younger players • Good communications. Clear explanations – clear expectations. • Technique corrections: 1. one or two issues at a time at most 2. Only at practice – no technique corrections at a game 3. Don’t confuse the QB – that’s on the coach “Focus and Extend” – game suggestion to QB. “A Quarterback is like a tea bag, you don’t know what you have until you put it in hot water” …Sam Rutigliano
  • 59. Coach/QB Relationship (cont.) What should coaches look for: • Athlete – but this is not as important as intangibles • Self discipline – puts in the time • Confident in himself and his teammates • Pride • Mental toughness • Leader • Focus while having FUN