A requirement in Empowerment Technology

1. JAPAN

2. Land
of the
Risin
g Sun

3. LANGUAGE

4. SIMPLE
WORDSAND
PHRASES
ENGLISH JAPANESE
 Good morning  Ohayō
gozaimasu
 O-yasumi nasai
 Good evening  Konbanwa
 Good night
 Hai Yes
 No  Iie

5. Please
ThankYou
You’reWelcome
I am Sorry
How are you?
I'm fine.Thank you
My name is Jirameel
O-negai shimasu
Arigatō
Dōitashimashite
Gomennasai
O-genki desu ka
Genki desu
Watashi no namae
wa Jirameel desu
ENGLISH JAPANESE

6. Traditions

7. FESTIVALS

8. Shogatsu
(New
Year)

9. Largest of the Japanese festivals, bringing in
the new year is taken very seriously in Japan.
Shogatsu, Japanese New Year, falls on the
familiar Western January 1 date per the
Gregorian calendar, but the festival is
stretched out before and after.
Much like Chinese New Year, special food is
prepared and money is given to children in
small envelopes. Reunited families spend
time together and play games. The general
sentiment is out with the old, in with the new.

10. Setsubun
(The Bean-
Throwing
Festival)

11. Setsubun is an old tradition that has
evolved into a televised event with
national celebrities. Along with the
big productions, small stages are set
up around the country. Candy and
money are thrown into the crowds
which then rush forward to collect
the small gifts.

12. Hanami
(Cherry
Blossom
Festival)

13. An ancient tradition, the word hanami
actually means "flower viewing" and that's
exactly what people by the thousands do
during the spring Cherry Blossom Festival.
Families and friends compete for quiet
spots in busy parks to have picnics and
parties, both day and night. A little revelry
takes place beneath the blooms that are
celebrated for their fleeting, impermanent
nature.

14. Golden
Week

15. Golden Week is one of the busiest travel times in
Japan—not just a little busy, very busy. Four
different, back-to-back Japanese festivals hit in a
relatively short timespan just as weather turns good.
Japanese people take extended vacations to travel
and enjoy the events. Many businesses close for at
least a week.
The first holiday of Golden Week is the celebration of
the birthday of Emperor Hirohito (Showa Day) on
April 29. Constitution Memorial Day hits on May 3
and is followed by Greenery Day on May 4 then
Children's Day on May 5.

16. Obon

17. Although technically not an official
national holiday, Obon is the most
widely observed of Japanese festivals
in the summer.
 Obon is an important time for families;
many head back to their ancestral
homes, causing long transportation
delays and some closures

18. The
Emperor's
Birthday

19. The date is celebrated as an annual
national holiday in Japan. The Emperor’s
Birthday was established as an official
holiday in 1948 and has drawn a crowd
since.
The Emperor ’ s Birthday is a patriotic
occasion in Japan and is one of only two
days each year that the inner grounds of
the Imperial Palace are open to the public

20. DRESSES

21. Modern Style

22. KIMONO

23. •Japanese Gardens
Japanese Architecture
Japanese Tea Ceremony
Japanese Cuisine
Japanese Painting
Japanese Calligraphy
Ikebana
Sumo
Samurai

24. TRADEMARKS

26. How Do they
Socialize?

27. JAPANESE
INTERACT
THROUGH
THE
FOLLOWING:
Eating Japanese
food
Drinking Alcohol
DrinkingTea
Singing in karaoke

28. FACTSABOUT
HOW
JAPANESE
SOCIALIZE
•Japanese believes that through
eating, especially lunch or
dinner, relationships are build
and is cemented that will serve
well in the future.
Having Tea with someone
means respect.
Playing also makes people have
a deeper understanding with
each other. (especially for older
men when playing Go)

29. Japanese Literature

30. Japanese literature spans a period of
almost two millennia of writing. Early
work was heavily influenced by Chinese
literature, but Japan quickly developed a
style and quality of its own. When Japan
reopened its ports to Western trading and
diplomacy in the 19th century, Western
Literature had a strong effect on Japanese
writers, and this influence is still seen
today.

31. NARA
LITERATURE
(–794)
Before the introduction of kanji
from China, Japanese had no
writing system. It is believed that
Chinese characters came to
Japan at the very beginning of
the fifth century, brought by
immigrants from the mainland of
Korean and Chinese descent.
Early Japanese texts first
followed the Chinese model,
before gradually transitioning to
a hybrid of Chinese

32. characters used in Japanese
syntactical formats, resulting in
sentences that looked like Chinese
but were read phonetically as
Japanese. Chinese characters were
also further adapted, creating what is
known as man'yōgana, the earliest
form of kana, or Japanese syllabic
writing.

33. The earliest literary works in Japan were created
in the Nara period.These includes:
The Kojiki (712), a historical record that also
chronicles ancient Japanese mythology and folk
songs; the Nihon
Shoki (720), a chronicle written in Chinese that
is significantly more detailed than the Kojiki;
and the
Man'yōshū (759), a poetry anthology. One of the
stories they describe is the tale of Urashima
Tarō.

34. HEIAN
LITERATURE
(794–1185)
The Heian period has been
referred to as the golden era
of art and literature in
Japan. During this era,
literature became centered
on a cultural elite of nobility
and monks. The imperial
court particularly
patronized the poets, most of
whom were courtiers or
ladies-in-waiting.

35. Reflecting the aristocratic atmosphere,
the poetry was elegant and
sophisticated and expressed emotions
in a rhetorical style. Editing the
resulting anthologies of poetry soon
became a national pastime. The iroha
poem, now one of two standard
orderings for the Japanese syllabary,
was also developed during the early
Heian period.

36. KAMAKURA-
MUROMACHI
LITERATURE
(1285-1333)
During the Kamakura period,
Japan experienced many civil
wars which led to the
development of a warrior class,
and subsequent war tales,
histories, and related stories.
Work from this period is notable
for its more sombre tone
compared to the works of
previous eras, with themes of life
and death, simple lifestyles, and
redemption through killing.

37. A representative work is Heike
monogatari (The Tale of the Heike)
(1371), an epic account of the struggle
between the Minamoto and Taira
clans for control of Japan at the end
of the twelfth century. Other
important tales of the period include
Kamo no Chōmei's Hōjōki (1212) and
Yoshida Kenkō's Tsurezuregusa
(1331).

38. However, there were fewer notable works by
female authors during this period, reflecting
the lowered status of women.
As the importance of the imperial court
continued to decline, a major feature of
Muromachi literature (1333-1603) was the
spread of cultural activity through all levels
of society. Classical court literature, which
had been the focal point of Japanese
literature up until this point, gradually
disappeared

39. EDO
LITERATURE
(1603–1868)
Literature during this time was
written during the largely
peaceful Tokugawa Period
(commonly referred to as the
Edo Period). Due in large part
to the rise of the working and
middle classes in the new
capital of Edo (modern Tokyo),
forms of popular drama
developed which would later
evolve into kabuki.

40. Many genres of literature made their
début during the Edo Period, helped by
a rising literacy rate among the growing
population of townspeople, as well as
the development of lending libraries. It
was the importation of Chinese
vernacular fiction that proved the
greatest outside influence on the
development of Early Modern Japanese
fiction

41. MEIJIAND
TAISHO
LITERATURE
(1868–1945)
The Meiji period marks the re-
opening of Japan to the West, and
a period of rapid industrialization.
The introduction of European
literature brought free verse into
the poetic repertoire. It became
widely used for longer works
embodying new intellectual
themes.

42. Young Japanese prose writers and
dramatists struggled with a whole
galaxy of new ideas and artistic
schools, but novelists were the first
to assimilate some of these concepts
successfully.

43. MODERN
LITERATURE
World War II, and Japan's
defeat, deeply influenced
Japanese literature. Many
authors wrote stories of
disaffection, loss of purpose,
and the coping with defeat.

44. Prominent writers of the 1970s and
1980s were identified with intellectual
and moral issues in their attempts to
raise social and political consciousness.
One of them, Kenzaburō Ōe published
his best-known work, A Personal
Matter in 1964 and became Japan's
second winner of the Nobel Prize for
Literature.

45. Popular fiction, non-fiction, and children's
literature all flourished in urban Japan in
the 1980s. Many popular works fell
between "pure literature" and pulp novels,
including all sorts of historical serials,
information-packed docudramas, science
fiction, mysteries, detective fiction,
business stories, war journals, and animal
stories.

46. Non-fiction covered everything from crime
to politics. Although factual journalism
predominated, many of these works were
interpretive, reflecting a high degree of
individualism. Children's works re-
emerged in the 1950s, and the newer
entrants into this field, many of them
younger women, brought new vitality to it
in the 1980s

47. Manga (comics) has penetrated almost
every sector of the popular market. It
includes virtually every field of human
interest, such as multivolume high-school
histories of Japan and, for the adult
market, a manga introduction to
economics, and pornography. Manga
represented between 20 and 30 percent of
annual publications at the end of the
1980s, in sales of some ¥400 billion per
year.

48. Cell phone novels appeared in the early
21st century. Written by and for cell
phone users, the novels—typically
romances read by young women—have
become very popular both online and in
print. Some, such as Love Sky, have sold
millions of print copies, and at the end of
2007 cell phone novels comprised four of
the top five fiction best sellers.

49. The Future
of Japanese
Literature
Entering the 21st century, there is
controversy whether the rise in
popular forms of entertainment
such as manga and anime has
caused a decline in the quality of
literature in Japan. The counter-
argument is that manga positively
affect modern literature by
encouraging younger people to
read more.

50. ありがとう!